Word senses – Caturtha Aṃśa, Navama Adhyāya

ācārād(आचाराद्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + cārād

ā- (“unto, fully”) + cārād.

ākarṇyaitat(आकर्ण्यैतत्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇyaitat

ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇyaitat.

anyathā(अन्यथा)

otherwise

anya + thā: “otherwise.”

arthe(अर्थे)

aim

artha: aim, meaning, wealth as what is sought. From a root of going-toward. That-for-which.

asura(असुर)

anti-god

Inflected from asura. Often a- + sura, but older asu-ra “possessing life-breath.” In the Gītā: the anti-god, the not-shining rival of the deva.

atibalinaḥ(अतिबलिनः)

ati- (“beyond”) + balinaḥ

ati- (“beyond”) + balinaḥ.

ātmapitṛputraṃ(आत्मपितृपुत्रं)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmapitṛputraṃ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmapitṛputraṃ.

atra(अत्र)

here

a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.

ayam(अयम्)

this

Masculine of idam: “this one.”

bhagavān(भगवान्)

the Lord

bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.

bhavān(भवान्)

you

Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).

cāpa(चाप)

bow

Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.

etad(एतद्)

this

Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.

ete(एते)

these

Nominative plural of etad: “these.”

indra(इन्द्र)

The shining king of gods

Inflected from indra. indra: the shining chief of the gods; often from a root of drop/power. The shining king of gods.

indraḥ(इन्द्रः)

The shining king of gods

indra: the shining chief of the gods; often from a root of drop/power. The shining king of gods.

indras(इन्द्रस्)

The shining king of gods

indra: the shining chief of the gods; often from a root of drop/power. The shining king of gods.

kāle(काले)

time

kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.

kim(किम्)

what

Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”

pañca(पञ्च)

five

pañcan: five.

prāha(प्राह)

spoken forth

pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.

praṇatir(प्रणतिर्)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇatir

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇatir.

puruṣaḥ(पुरुषः)

the Person

Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.

raja(रज)

stirring

Inflected from raja. From rañj / raj, “to be coloured, to be stirred.” The strand of stirring, colouring, passion.

sa(स)

he

Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

śrutvā(श्रुत्वा)

hearing

From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

svayam(स्वयम्)

oneself

sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.

tān(तान्)

them

Accusative plural of tad: “them.”

teṣām(तेषाम्)

of them

Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”

udyama(उद्यम)

ud- (“up, out”) + yama

ud- (“up, out”) + yama.

uttama(उत्तम)

upmost

Inflected from uttama. ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.

virodhe(विरोधे)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rodhe

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rodhe.

yeṣām(येषाम्)

of whom

Genitive plural of yad: “of whom.”