Word senses – Caturtha Aṃśa, Dvitīya Adhyāya

abhilaṣati(अभिलषति)

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣati

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣati.

abhilaṣitaṃ(अभिलषितं)

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣitaṃ

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣitaṃ.

abhimatopabhogaṃ(अभिमतोपभोगं)

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + matopabhogaṃ

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + matopabhogaṃ.

ācaṣṭa(आचष्ट)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + caṣṭa

ā- (“unto, fully”) + caṣṭa.

acyuta name(अच्युत)

Unfallen; he who does not fall away

Inflected from acyuta. a- (“not”) + cyuta (cyu, “to fall, to drop”). Unfallen; he who does not fall away.

ādideśa(आदिदेश)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dideśa

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dideśa.

āhūya(आहूय)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + hūya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + hūya.

ājagmuḥ(आजग्मुः)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagmuḥ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagmuḥ.

ākarṇya(आकर्ण्य)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya.

ākulamatir(आकुलमतिर्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + kulamatir

ā- (“unto, fully”) + kulamatir.

ananta(अनन्त)

without end

Inflected from ananta. a- + anta: without end.

ānayeti(आनयेति)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + nayeti

ā- (“unto, fully”) + nayeti.

anta(अन्त)

end

Inflected from anta. anta: end, edge, death as the end. The limit.

anya(अन्य)

another

Inflected from anya. Nominative singular of anya: “another.”

anyathā(अन्यथा)

otherwise

anya + thā: “otherwise.”

anye(अन्ये)

others

Nominative plural of anya: “others.” From anya “other, not this.”

apahāya(अपहाय)

apa- (“away”) + hāya

apa- (“away”) + hāya.

apakāriṇaṃ(अपकारिणं)

apa- (“away”) + kāriṇaṃ

apa- (“away”) + kāriṇaṃ.

ārūḍhayogo(आरूढयोगो)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + rūḍhayogo

ā- (“unto, fully”) + rūḍhayogo.

aṣṭau(अष्टौ)

eight

aṣṭan: eight.

asura(असुर)

anti-god

Inflected from asura. Often a- + sura, but older asu-ra “possessing life-breath.” In the Gītā: the anti-god, the not-shining rival of the deva.

asya(अस्य)

of this

Genitive of idam: “of this.”

atiduḥkhahetuḥ(अतिदुःखहेतुः)

ati- (“beyond”) + duḥkhahetuḥ

ati- (“beyond”) + duḥkhahetuḥ.

atiduḥkhakāraṇam(अतिदुःखकारणम्)

ati- (“beyond”) + duḥkhakāraṇam

ati- (“beyond”) + duḥkhakāraṇam.

atikalavākyavihaṃgābhirutāḥ(अतिकलवाक्यविहंगाभिरुताः)

ati- (“beyond”) + kalavākyavihaṃgābhirutāḥ

ati- (“beyond”) + kalavākyavihaṃgābhirutāḥ.

atitṛṭparītaḥ(अतितृट्परीतः)

ati- (“beyond”) + tṛṭparītaḥ

ati- (“beyond”) + tṛṭparītaḥ.

ātmajāṃ(आत्मजां)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajāṃ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajāṃ.

ātmajapautradauhitrādibhiḥ(आत्मजपौत्रदौहित्रादिभिः)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajapautradauhitrādibhiḥ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajapautradauhitrādibhiḥ.

ātmajapautrādibhiḥ(आत्मजपौत्रादिभिः)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajapautrādibhiḥ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajapautrādibhiḥ.

ātmānam(आत्मानम्)

the self

ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.

atra(अत्र)

here

a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.

avaśeṣitāḥ(अवशेषिताः)

ava- (“down, off”) + śeṣitāḥ

ava- (“down, off”) + śeṣitāḥ.

ayam(अयम्)

this

Masculine of idam: “this one.”

ayaṃ(अयं)

this

Masculine of idam: “this one.”

bhagavān(भगवान्)

the Lord

bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.

bhagavataḥ(भगवतः)

the Lord

bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.

bhūya(भूय)

again

Inflected from bhūya. Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”

bhūyaḥ(भूयः)

again

Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”

cāpa(चाप)

bow

Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.

devānām(देवानाम्)

shining one

From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”

diśa(दिश)

direction

Inflected from diśa. diś: direction, quarter of the sky.

doṣa(दोष)

fault

Inflected from doṣa. From duṣ, “to spoil.” A fault; a spoiling.

duḥkha(दुःख)

unease

Inflected from duḥkha. dus- (“ill, hard”) + kha (“space, hole, axle-hole”). Ill-fitting; unease, pain. The opposite of sukha.

duḥkhaṃ(दुःखं)

unease

dus- (“ill, hard”) + kha (“space, hole, axle-hole”). Ill-fitting; unease, pain. The opposite of sukha.

ekaṃ(एकं)

one

eka: one. The one, a single.

eṣa(एष)

this one

Inflected from eṣa. Masculine of etad: “this one.”

etad(एतद्)

this

Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.

etāṃ(एतां)

this

Accusative of etad: this.

etān(एतान्)

these

Accusative plural of etad: “these.”

etat(एतत्)

this

Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.

ete(एते)

these

Nominative plural of etad: “these.”

gata(गत)

going

Inflected from gata. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.

guruṃ(गुरुं)

the weighty one

guru: heavy, weighty. Then the weighty one, the teacher whose word has weight.

idam(इदम्)

this

Neuter of idam: “this” (near).

idaṃ(इदं)

this

Neuter of idam: “this” (near).

imaṃ(इमं)

this

Accusative masculine of idam: “this.”

indraḥ(इन्द्रः)

The shining king of gods

indra: the shining chief of the gods; often from a root of drop/power. The shining king of gods.

iyaṃ(इयं)

this

Feminine of idam: “this.”

jāta(जात)

is born

Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

jātā(जाता)

is born

From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

jāyate(जायते)

is born

From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

kālam(कालम्)

time

kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.

kālena(कालेन)

time

kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.

kaṃ(कं)

whom

Accusative of ka-: “whom?”

kārya(कार्य)

what-is-to-be-done

Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”

kāryaḥ(कार्यः)

what-is-to-be-done

Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”

katham(कथम्)

how

ka- + tham: “how?”

kathaya(कथय)

tell

From kath, “to tell.” Tell!; tells.

kim(किम्)

what

Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”

kiṃ(किं)

what

Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”

kṣatriya(क्षत्रिय)

warrior-ruler

Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.

labdha(लब्ध)

obtaining

Inflected from labdha. From labh, “to obtain.” Obtains; having obtained.

maharṣiḥ(महर्षिः)

great seer

mahā + ṛṣi: great seer.

manas(मनस्)

mind

Inflected from manas. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.

munayaḥ(मुनयः)

silent thinker

From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.

naiva(नैव)

not at all

na “not” + eva “just.”

nāma(नाम)

name

nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.

nava(नव)

nine

Inflected from nava. navan: nine. Also nava “new.”

niḥsaṅgatā(निःसङ्गता)

ni- (“down, in”) + ḥsaṅgatā

ni- (“down, in”) + ḥsaṅgatā.

nijaghāna(निजघान)

ni- (“down, in”) + jaghāna

ni- (“down, in”) + jaghāna.

nikumbhāt(निकुम्भात्)

ni- (“down, in”) + kumbhāt

ni- (“down, in”) + kumbhāt.

nikumbho(निकुम्भो)

ni- (“down, in”) + kumbho

ni- (“down, in”) + kumbho.

nirveṣṭukāmaḥ(निर्वेष्टुकामः)

nir- (“out, without”) + veṣṭukāmaḥ

nir- (“out, without”) + veṣṭukāmaḥ.

nirveṣṭukāmo(निर्वेष्टुकामो)

nir- (“out, without”) + veṣṭukāmo

nir- (“out, without”) + veṣṭukāmo.

niścakrāma(निश्चक्राम)

ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma

ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma.

nivāryate(निवार्यते)

ni- (“down, in”) + vāryate

ni- (“down, in”) + vāryate.

niveśya(निवेश्य)

ni- (“down, in”) + veśya

ni- (“down, in”) + veśya.

paraṃ(परं)

beyond

para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”

parihīnadoṣo(परिहीनदोषो)

pari- (“around”) + hīnadoṣo

pari- (“around”) + hīnadoṣo.

parityaktaḥ(परित्यक्तः)

pari- (“around”) + tyaktaḥ

pari- (“around”) + tyaktaḥ.

phalam(फलम्)

fruit

Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.

pitaram(पितरम्)

father

pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).

prāha(प्राह)

spoken forth

pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.

praṇayabhaṅgo(प्रणयभङ्गो)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇayabhaṅgo

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇayabhaṅgo.

praṇayaṃ(प्रणयं)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇayaṃ

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇayaṃ.

prathamaṃ(प्रथमं)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamaṃ

pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamaṃ.

prathamo(प्रथमो)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamo

pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamo.

praveśāya(प्रवेशाय)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśāya

pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśāya.

praveśya(प्रवेश्य)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśya

pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśya.

praviśya(प्रविश्य)

entering

From viś, “to enter.” They enter; enters; having entered.

praviveśa(प्रविवेश)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa

pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa.

prayaccha(प्रयच्छ)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha

pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha.

punar(पुनर्)

again

Adverb: “again, back.”

purā(पुरा)

formerly

Indeclinable: “formerly, of old.”

pūrṇa(पूर्ण)

full

Inflected from pūrṇa. From pṝ, “to fill.” Filled, full.

rājña(राज्ञ)

king

Inflected from rājña. From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king.

ṛṣayaḥ(ऋषयः)

seer

ṛṣi: seer, from ṛṣ / dṛś related “to go, to see.” One who sees (the hymn, the truth).

ṛṣi(ऋषि)

seer

Inflected from ṛṣi. ṛṣi: seer, from ṛṣ / dṛś related “to go, to see.” One who sees (the hymn, the truth).

rūpam(रूपम्)

form

rūpa: form, outward shape (what is seen). Not “beauty” first.

sa(स)

he

Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

saṃhitāśvaḥ(संहिताश्वः)

saṃ- (“together”) + hitāśvaḥ

saṃ- (“together”) + hitāśvaḥ.

samīpavartī(समीपवर्ती)

sam- (“together”) + īpavartī

sam- (“together”) + īpavartī.

saṃsmaryate(संस्मर्यते)

saṃ- (“together”) + smaryate

saṃ- (“together”) + smaryate.

saṃśrayam(संश्रयम्)

saṃ- (“together”) + śrayam

saṃ- (“together”) + śrayam.

samyag(सम्यग्)

sam- (“together”) + yag

sam- (“together”) + yag.

saṅgāt(सङ्गात्)

clinging

From sañj, “to cling.” Clinging.

saṅgena(सङ्गेन)

clinging

From sañj, “to cling.” Clinging.

sarva(सर्व)

all

Inflected from sarva. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.

sarvam(सर्वम्)

all

sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.

sarvaṃ(सर्वं)

all

sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.

sarvasya(सर्वस्य)

all

sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.

śṛṇoti(शृणोति)

hearing

From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

śrutvā(श्रुत्वा)

hearing

From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

sukham(सुखम्)

ease

su- (“well, good”) + kha (“axle-hole, space”). Well-fitting; ease. Not a thin “happiness.”

sukhitā(सुखिता)

su- (“well, good”) + khitā

su- (“well, good”) + khitā.

suptāṃś(सुप्तांश्)

su- (“well, good”) + ptāṃś

su- (“well, good”) + ptāṃś.

supteṣv(सुप्तेष्व्)

su- (“well, good”) + pteṣv

su- (“well, good”) + pteṣv.

sūrya(सूर्य)

the sun

From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.

suṣupuḥ(सुषुपुः)

su- (“well, good”) + ṣupuḥ

su- (“well, good”) + ṣupuḥ.

sutādirāgo(सुतादिरागो)

su- (“well, good”) + tādirāgo

su- (“well, good”) + tādirāgo.

sutair(सुतैर्)

su- (“well, good”) + tair

su- (“well, good”) + tair.

sutātmajais(सुतात्मजैस्)

su- (“well, good”) + tātmajais

su- (“well, good”) + tātmajais.

svayam(स्वयम्)

oneself

sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.

tadā(तदा)

then

ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”

tam(तम्)

him

Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”

tān(तान्)

them

Accusative plural of tad: “them.”

tapa(तप)

heat

Inflected from tapa. From tap, “to heat, to burn.” Heat; the heating of oneself (austerity as inner heat, not grim duty).

tapas(तपस्)

heat

Inflected from tapas. From tap, “to heat, to burn.” Heat; the heating of oneself (austerity as inner heat, not grim duty).

tathā(तथा)

so

ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

tathaiva(तथैव)

likewise

tathā + eva: just so, likewise.

tatra(तत्र)

there

ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”

teṣām(तेषाम्)

of them

Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”

teṣāṃ(तेषां)

of them

Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”

teṣu(तेषु)

in them

Locative plural of tad: “in them.”

trayaḥ(त्रयः)

three

tri: three.

ucyate(उच्यते)

is called

Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.

udeti(उदेति)

ud- (“up, out”) + eti

ud- (“up, out”) + eti.

uparate(उपरते)

upa- (“near, toward”) + rate

upa- (“near, toward”) + rate.

upayeme(उपयेमे)

upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme

upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme.

varas(वरस्)

best

From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.

vibhāṅkṣīḥ(विभाङ्क्षीः)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāṅkṣīḥ

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāṅkṣīḥ.

vineśuḥ(विनेशुः)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + neśuḥ

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + neśuḥ.

vipluṣṭā(विप्लुष्टा)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pluṣṭā

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pluṣṭā.

virarāma(विरराम)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rarāma

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rarāma.

viṣṇu(विष्णु)

The pervading one

Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.

viveśa(विवेश)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa.

ya(य)

who

Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”

yadā(यदा)

when

ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”

yadi(यदि)

if

ya- + di: “if.”

yaḥ(यः)

who

Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”

yathā(यथा)

as

ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”

yogī(योगी)

one who is yoked

From yoga (yuj, “to yoke”) + -in “possessing.” One who is yoked; one who has the yoking.

yuddham(युद्धम्)

battle

From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.