abhilaṣadbhir(अभिलषद्भिर्)
abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣadbhir
abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣadbhir.
Word senses
Caturtha Aṃśa, Prathama Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
acyuta name(अच्युत)
Unfallen; he who does not fall away
Inflected from acyuta. a- (“not”) + cyuta (cyu, “to fall, to drop”). Unfallen; he who does not fall away.
ādibhūta-ṛgyajuḥsāmādimayo(आदिभूत-ऋग्यजुःसामादिमयो)
ādibhūta ṛgyajuḥsāmādimayo
Compound. ādibhūta: The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + dibhūta. ṛgyajuḥsāmādimayo: The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
ādyo(आद्यो)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + dyo
ā- (“unto, fully”) + dyo.
ājahāra(आजहार)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + jahāra
ā- (“unto, fully”) + jahāra.
ānartaś(आनर्तश्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + nartaś
ā- (“unto, fully”) + nartaś.
apacārād(अपचाराद्)
apa- (“away”) + cārād
apa- (“away”) + cārād.
asya(अस्य)
of this
Genitive of idam: “of this.”
atibalaḥ(अतिबलः)
ati- (“beyond”) + balaḥ
ati- (“beyond”) + balaḥ.
ātmajam(आत्मजम्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajam
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajam.
ātmanaḥ(आत्मनः)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bahūni(बहूनि)
many
bahu: much, many.
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhagavat(भगवत्)
the Lord
Inflected from bhagavat. bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
brahmā(ब्रह्मा)
Not the neuter brahma
Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
brahmaṇa(ब्रह्मण)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Inflected from brahmaṇa. Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
dadāti(ददाति)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
dakṣaḥ(दक्षः)
able
From dakṣ, “to be able.” Able, skilful.
damasya(दमस्य)
taming
From dam, “to tame.” Taming (of the sense-powers).
damo(दमो)
taming
From dam, “to tame.” Taming (of the sense-powers).
daśa(दश)
ten
daśan: ten.
dattaṃ(दत्तं)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
dattvā(दत्त्वा)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
devaḥ(देवः)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
dharma(धर्म)
that which holds
Inflected from dharma. From dhṛ, “to hold, to uphold.” That which holds, the holding: law, right, the way a thing is held in place. Not a one-word “religion.”
eka(एक)
one
Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gīyate(गीयते)
is sung
Passive of gai, “to sing.” It is sung.
hrasva(ह्रस्व)
short
Inflected from hrasva. hrasva: short.
idaṃ(इदं)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
indraḥ(इन्द्रः)
The shining king of gods
indra: the shining chief of the gods; often from a root of drop/power. The shining king of gods.
jagati(जगति)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
jāta(जात)
is born
Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
ka(क)
who
Nominative of kim: “who?” Interrogative stem ka-.
kāla(काल)
time
Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kāryaṃ(कार्यं)
what-is-to-be-done
Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
kathaya(कथय)
tell
From kath, “to tell.” Tell!; tells.
kṣatriya(क्षत्रिय)
warrior-ruler
Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.
lokān(लोकान्)
world
From lok, “to see”: a seen-world.
madhye(मध्ये)
middle
madhya: middle.
mana(मन)
mind
Inflected from mana. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nara(नर)
a man
Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
naras(नरस्)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
paraṃ(परं)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
pariṇāmahetuḥ(परिणामहेतुः)
pari- (“around”) + ṇāmahetuḥ
pari- (“around”) + ṇāmahetuḥ.
pariveṣṭāraḥ(परिवेष्टारः)
pari- (“around”) + veṣṭāraḥ
pari- (“around”) + veṣṭāraḥ.
pradadau(प्रददौ)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + dadau
pra- (“forth, forward”) + dadau.
prajānām(प्रजानाम्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jānām
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jānām.
prajāniś(प्रजानिश्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jāniś
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jāniś.
prasāda(प्रसाद)
settled-clearness
Inflected from prasāda. pra-sad, “to sit forth, to settle.” Settled clearness; grace as a settling-down of favour. Not a temple sweet.
praṣṭuṃ(प्रष्टुं)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṣṭuṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṣṭuṃ.
prayaccha(प्रयच्छ)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha.
prayacchāmīti(प्रयच्छामीति)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yacchāmīti
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yacchāmīti.
pṛthak(पृथक्)
apart
Indeclinable: “apart, separately.”
punar(पुनर्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puruṣa(पुरुष)
the Person
Inflected from puruṣa. Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
puruṣaḥ(पुरुषः)
the Person
Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
rūpaṃ(रूपं)
form
rūpa: form, outward shape (what is seen). Not “beauty” first.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
saṃhriyate(संह्रियते)
saṃ- (“together”) + hriyate
saṃ- (“together”) + hriyate.
saṃprati(संप्रति)
saṃ- (“together”) + prati
saṃ- (“together”) + prati.
saṃsmaret(संस्मरेत्)
saṃ- (“together”) + smaret
saṃ- (“together”) + smaret.
sanātana(सनातन)
age-long
Inflected from sanātana. sanā + tana: stretching from of old; age-long.
sarvaṃ(सर्वं)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
soma(सोम)
the moon
Inflected from soma. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
śṛṇu(शृणु)
hearing
From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
sthita(स्थित)
standing
Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sudyumnāya(सुद्युम्नाय)
su- (“well, good”) + dyumnāya
su- (“well, good”) + dyumnāya.
sudyumno(सुद्युम्नो)
su- (“well, good”) + dyumno
su- (“well, good”) + dyumno.
svabhāvaṃ(स्वभावं)
one’s own coming-to-be
sva (“own”) + bhāva (“coming-to-be,” from bhū). One’s own coming-to-be; one’s own nature as how one comes to be.
tam(तम्)
him
Inflected from tam. Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tapas(तपस्)
heat
Inflected from tapas. From tap, “to heat, to burn.” Heat; the heating of oneself (austerity as inner heat, not grim duty).
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
trayaḥ(त्रयः)
three
tri: three.
upayeme(उपयेमे)
upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme
upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme.
vara(वर)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
varam(वरम्)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
viṃśo(विंशो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṃśo
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṃśo.
ya(य)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”