abhiratān(अभिरतान्)
abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + ratān
abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + ratān.
Word senses
Tṛtīya Aṃśa, Aṣṭādaśa Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
āhedaṃ(आहेदं)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + hedaṃ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + hedaṃ.
ālaped(आलपेद्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + laped
ā- (“unto, fully”) + laped.
anya(अन्य)
another
Inflected from anya. Nominative singular of anya: “another.”
anye(अन्ये)
others
Nominative plural of anya: “others.” From anya “other, not this.”
apare(अपरे)
others
Nominative plural of apara: “others, the further ones.” a-para, “not the near.”
apaśyetām(अपश्येताम्)
apa- (“away”) + śyetām
apa- (“away”) + śyetām.
atas(अतस्)
hence
From idam/a-tas: “hence, therefore.”
atidharmaparāyaṇā(अतिधर्मपरायणा)
ati- (“beyond”) + dharmaparāyaṇā
ati- (“beyond”) + dharmaparāyaṇā.
ātmā(आत्मा)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
ātmanaḥ(आत्मनः)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
avagacchata(अवगच्छत)
ava- (“down, off”) + gacchata
ava- (“down, off”) + gacchata.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
ayaṃ(अयं)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bahiḥ(बहिः)
outside
Indeclinable: “outside.”
bahu(बहु)
many
bahu: much, many.
bālā(बाला)
childish
bāla: young, not full-grown; then “childish” as not ripe in knowing.
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
bhūya(भूय)
again
Inflected from bhūya. Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
bhūyas(भूयस्)
again
Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
cakṣuṣā(चक्षुषा)
eye
From nī, “to lead” (netra “leader, eye”) and cakṣ, “to see.” The eye as what leads/sees.
cāpa(चाप)
bow
Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
dattaṃ(दत्तं)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devadeva(देवदेव)
god of gods
Inflected from devadeva. deva + deva: shining one of shining ones.
devān(देवान्)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devānām(देवानाम्)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
dharma(धर्म)
that which holds
Inflected from dharma. From dhṛ, “to hold, to uphold.” That which holds, the holding: law, right, the way a thing is held in place. Not a one-word “religion.”
doṣa(दोष)
fault
Inflected from doṣa. From duṣ, “to spoil.” A fault; a spoiling.
durācārais(दुराचारैस्)
dur- (“ill, hard”) + ācārais
dur- (“ill, hard”) + ācārais.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
ekaṃ(एकं)
one
eka: one. The one, a single.
eṣa(एष)
this one
Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
etaṃ(एतं)
this
Accusative of etad: this.
etān(एतान्)
these
Accusative plural of etad: “these.”
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gataḥ(गतः)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gatvā(गत्वा)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gira(गिर)
speech
Inflected from gira. From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
idam(इदम्)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
idaṃ(इदं)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
iyam(इयम्)
this
Feminine of idam: “this.”
janārdana name(जनार्दन)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from janārdana. jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
jāta(जात)
is born
Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jātaṃ(जातं)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jāyate(जायते)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jñātvā(ज्ञात्वा)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
kālena(कालेन)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kalevaram(कलेवरम्)
husk-body
kalevara: the body as a husk/covering.
karmaṇāṃ(कर्मणां)
action
Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
kartā(कर्ता)
the doer
Agent noun from kṛ, “to do.” The doer.
kāryam(कार्यम्)
what-is-to-be-done
Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kurute(कुरुते)
does
From kṛ, “to do.” Does; you do!; do! (kuru can also vocative of Kuru).
lokān(लोकान्)
world
From lok, “to see”: a seen-world.
mahatā(महता)
great
mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nara(नर)
a man
Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
narā(नरा)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
naraḥ(नरः)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
narāḥ(नराः)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
nibodhata(निबोधत)
ni- (“down, in”) + bodhata
ni- (“down, in”) + bodhata.
nirvāṇārtham(निर्वाणार्थम्)
nir- (“out, without”) + vāṇārtham
nir- (“out, without”) + vāṇārtham.
nirvedam(निर्वेदम्)
veda
nir- (“out, without”) joined to vedam. From vid, “to know.” Knowledge; the Veda. Together the form means nir + that sense.
nityaṃ(नित्यं)
continual
From ni- (“in, own”) + tya: what is in-dwelling, continual, one’s own as constant. Continually-there; not a calendar “eternal.”
pāpa(पाप)
ill-deed
Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
para(पर)
beyond
Inflected from para. para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paraḥ(परः)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paramaṃ(परमं)
highest
Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
parivarjayet(परिवर्जयेत्)
pari- (“around”) + varjayet
pari- (“around”) + varjayet.
parivrāḍ(परिव्राड्)
pari- (“around”) + vrāḍ
pari- (“around”) + vrāḍ.
patati(पतति)
falls
From pat, “to fall.” Falls; makes fall.
phalam(फलम्)
fruit
Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
pitā(पिता)
father
pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).
pitaraṃ(पितरं)
father
pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).
prabho(प्रभो)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho.
prāha(प्राह)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
prakārair(प्रकारैर्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + kārair
pra- (“forth, forward”) + kārair.
prāṇa(प्राण)
forward-breath
Inflected from prāṇa. pra- (“forth”) + an, “to breathe.” Forward-breath; the breath of life.
praṇaśyati(प्रणश्यति)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇaśyati
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇaśyati.
prāpya(प्राप्य)
reaching
pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
prathamaṃ(प्रथमं)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamaṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamaṃ.
pratikṣaṇaṃ(प्रतिक्षणं)
prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + kṣaṇaṃ
prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + kṣaṇaṃ.
priya(प्रिय)
dear
Inflected from priya. From prī, “to please, to be dear.” Dear; pleasing.
prokta(प्रोक्त)
spoken forth
Inflected from prokta. pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
proktaṃ(प्रोक्तं)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
punar(पुनर्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
punas(पुनस्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puṇyaṃ(पुण्यं)
merit
puṇya: auspicious, meritorious (from puṇ/pūṣ related “to thrive”). Merit as what thrives.
purā(पुरा)
formerly
Indeclinable: “formerly, of old.”
rājña(राज्ञ)
king
Inflected from rājña. From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
sadā(सदा)
always
sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
sādhu(साधु)
straight-good
Inflected from sādhu. From sādh, “to succeed, to go straight.” Straight, good, a good man.
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
śaibya name(शैब्य)
The man Śaibya
Inflected from śaibya. Descendant of Śibi. The man Śaibya.
samaṃ(समं)
even
sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
saṃbhāṣād(संभाषाद्)
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣād
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣād.
saṃbhāṣaṇād(संभाषणाद्)
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣaṇād
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣaṇād.
saṃbhāṣaṇānupraśnādi(संभाषणानुप्रश्नादि)
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣaṇānupraśnādi
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣaṇānupraśnādi.
saṃbhāṣaṇāt(संभाषणात्)
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣaṇāt
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣaṇāt.
saṃbhāṣāt(संभाषात्)
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣāt
saṃ- (“together”) + bhāṣāt.
saṃbhogān(संभोगान्)
saṃ- (“together”) + bhogān
saṃ- (“together”) + bhogān.
saṃgrāme(संग्रामे)
saṃ- (“together”) + grāme
saṃ- (“together”) + grāme.
saṃprayacchati(संप्रयच्छति)
saṃ- (“together”) + prayacchati
saṃ- (“together”) + prayacchati.
saṃsargaḥ(संसर्गः)
saṃ- (“together”) + sargaḥ
saṃ- (“together”) + sargaḥ.
saṃśuddhiṃ(संशुद्धिं)
saṃ- (“together”) + śuddhiṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + śuddhiṃ.
saṃtyaktā(संत्यक्ता)
saṃ- (“together”) + tyaktā
saṃ- (“together”) + tyaktā.
samupoṣitau(समुपोषितौ)
sam- (“together”) + upoṣitau
sam- (“together”) + upoṣitau.
samuttīrṇau(समुत्तीर्णौ)
sam- (“together”) + uttīrṇau
sam- (“together”) + uttīrṇau.
saṃvatsaraṃ(संवत्सरं)
saṃ- (“together”) + vatsaraṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + vatsaraṃ.
samyag(सम्यग्)
sam- (“together”) + yag
sam- (“together”) + yag.
sarvaṃ(सर्वं)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
satyaṃ(सत्यं)
being-true
From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.
śete(शेते)
lies
From śī, “to lie.” Lies.
śreyas(श्रेयस्)
the better
Inflected from śreyas. Comparative of śrī / śrī- related “better, more splendid.” The better; what is more excellent.
suradhvaja(सुरध्वज)
su- (“well, good”) + radhvaja
su- (“well, good”) + radhvaja.
sūrya(सूर्य)
the sun
Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
śva(श्व)
tomorrow
Inflected from śva. Indeclinable: “tomorrow.”
svayaṃ(स्वयं)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
tadā(तदा)
then
ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tān(तान्)
them
Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
tapyate(तप्यते)
heats
From tap, “to heat.” Heats; is heated.
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tatas(ततस्)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teṣām(तेषाम्)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
teṣāṃ(तेषां)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
teṣu(तेषु)
in them
Locative plural of tad: “in them.”
traya(त्रय)
three
Inflected from traya. tri: three.
tyajet(त्यजेत्)
leaving
From tyaj, “to leave.” Having left; one leaves; one should leave.
udīritam(उदीरितम्)
ud- (“up, out”) + īritam
ud- (“up, out”) + īritam.
upaghātāya(उपघाताय)
upa- (“near, toward”) + ghātāya
upa- (“near, toward”) + ghātāya.
uparate(उपरते)
upa- (“near, toward”) + rate
upa- (“near, toward”) + rate.
vacanam(वचनम्)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
vacanaṃ(वचनं)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
vākyaṃ(वाक्यं)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
vāpi(वापि)
or even
vā “or” + api “even.”
vara(वर)
best
Inflected from vara. From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
varaḥ(वरः)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
varṇa(वर्ण)
colour-class
Inflected from varṇa. From vṛ, “to cover, to choose.” Colour, covering, then class as a covering-name.
vimuktaye(विमुक्तये)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + muktaye
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + muktaye.
vimukter(विमुक्तेर्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + mukter
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + mukter.
vimuktiṃ(विमुक्तिं)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + muktiṃ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + muktiṃ.
vinayena(विनयेन)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nayena
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nayena.
vinivāritaḥ(विनिवारितः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nivāritaḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nivāritaḥ.
vipra(विप्र)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
virato(विरतो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rato
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rato.
vivāhārtham(विवाहार्थम्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vāhārtham
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vāhārtham.
vṛka(वृक)
wolf
Inflected from vṛka. vṛka: wolf. vṛkodara: wolf-bellied, a name of Bhīma.
vyaktas(व्यक्तस्)
manifest
vi-añj, “to make clear, to smear forth.” Manifest; made-clear.
yadi(यदि)
if
ya- + di: “if.”
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yajñān(यज्ञान्)
offering
From yaj, “to offer.” The offering.
yānti(यान्ति)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
yas(यस्)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yatra(यत्र)
where
ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
yeṣāṃ(येषां)
of whom
Genitive plural of yad: “of whom.”
yuddha(युद्ध)
battle
Inflected from yuddha. From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.
yuddhaṃ(युद्धं)
battle
From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.