Tṛtīya Aṃśa, Trayodaśa Adhyāya

इति श्रीविष्णुपुराणे तृतीयांशे द्वादशो ऽध्यायः सचैलस्य पितुः स्नानं जाते पुत्रे विधीयते जातकर्म तथा कुर्याच् श्राद्धम् अभ्युदये च यत्

[[iti śrīviṣṇupurāṇe tṛtīyāṃśe dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ]] sacailasya pituḥ snānaṃ jāte putre vidhīyate jātakarma tathā kuryāc śrāddham abhyudaye ca yat

[3.13.1] father is born so a- (“not”) + bhyudaye and which

Word make-up

[[iti (इति): [[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
tṛtīyāṃśe (तृतीयांशे): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
dvādaśo (द्वादशो): dvādaśo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
]]: ]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sacailasya (सचैलस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
pituḥ (पितुः): father; pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).
snānaṃ (स्नानं): snānaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jāte (जाते): is born; Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
putre (पुत्रे): putre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vidhīyate (विधीयते): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dhīyate.
jātakarma (जातकर्म): jātakarma is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
kuryāc (कुर्याच्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
śrāddham (श्राद्धम्): śrāddham is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhyudaye (अभ्युदये): a- (“not”) + bhyudaye; a- (“not”) + bhyudaye.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.

युग्मान् देवांश् च पित्र्यांश् च सम्यक् सव्यक्रमाद् द्विजान् पूजयेद् भोजयेच् चैव तन्मना नान्यमानसः

yugmān devāṃś ca pitryāṃś ca samyak savyakramād dvijān pūjayed bhojayec caiva tanmanā nānyamānasaḥ

[3.13.2] and and rightly twice-born

Word make-up

yugmān (युग्मान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
devāṃś (देवांश्): devāṃś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pitryāṃś (पित्र्यांश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
samyak (सम्यक्): rightly; sam- + añc: “together-going, rightly, fully.”
savyakramād (सव्यक्रमाद्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
dvijān (द्विजान्): twice-born; Inflected from dvija. dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
pūjayed (पूजयेद्): The core matches the root pūj, “to honour.”
bhojayec (भोजयेच्): bhojayec is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tanmanā (तन्मना): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
nānyamānasaḥ (नान्यमानसः): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”

दध्यक्षतैः सबदरैः प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखो ऽपि वा देवतीर्थेन वै पिण्डान् दद्यात् कायेन वा नृप

dadhyakṣataiḥ sabadaraiḥ prāṅmukhodaṅmukho 'pi vā devatīrthena vai piṇḍān dadyāt kāyena vā nṛpa

[3.13.3] or indeed or

Word make-up

dadhyakṣataiḥ (दध्यक्षतैः): dadhyakṣataiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sabadaraiḥ (सबदरैः): sabadaraiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prāṅmukhodaṅmukho (प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखो): prāṅmukhodaṅmukho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'pi (ऽपि): 'pi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
devatīrthena (देवतीर्थेन): devatīrthena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
piṇḍān (पिण्डान्): piṇḍān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dadyāt (दद्यात्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
kāyena (कायेन): kāyena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
nṛpa (नृप): nṛpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

नान्दीमुखः पितृगणस् तेन श्राद्धेन पार्थिव प्रीयते तत् तु कर्तव्यं पुरुषैः सर्ववृद्धिषु

nāndīmukhaḥ pitṛgaṇas tena śrāddhena pārthiva prīyate tat tu kartavyaṃ puruṣaiḥ sarvavṛddhiṣu

[3.13.4] by that that but the Person

Word make-up

nāndīmukhaḥ (नान्दीमुखः): nāndīmukhaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pitṛgaṇas (पितृगणस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
śrāddhena (श्राद्धेन): śrāddhena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pārthiva (पार्थिव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
prīyate (प्रीयते): The core matches the root prī, “to please.”
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kartavyaṃ (कर्तव्यं): kartavyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
puruṣaiḥ (पुरुषैः): the Person; Inflected from puruṣa. Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
sarvavṛddhiṣu (सर्ववृद्धिषु): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”

कन्यापुत्रविवाहेषु प्रवेशे नववेश्मनः नामकर्मणि बालानां चूडाकर्मादिके तथा

kanyāputravivāheṣu praveśe navaveśmanaḥ nāmakarmaṇi bālānāṃ cūḍākarmādike tathā

[3.13.5] pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśe childish so

Word make-up

kanyāputravivāheṣu (कन्यापुत्रविवाहेषु): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
praveśe (प्रवेशे): pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśe; pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśe.
navaveśmanaḥ (नववेश्मनः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
nāmakarmaṇi (नामकर्मणि): nāmakarmaṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bālānāṃ (बालानां): childish; bāla: young, not full-grown; then “childish” as not ripe in knowing.
cūḍākarmādike (चूडाकर्मादिके): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

सीमन्तोन्नयने चैव पुत्रादिमुखदर्शने नान्दीमुखं पितृगणं पूजयेत् प्रयतो गृही

sīmantonnayane caiva putrādimukhadarśane nāndīmukhaṃ pitṛgaṇaṃ pūjayet prayato gṛhī

[3.13.6] which

Word make-up

sīmantonnayane (सीमन्तोन्नयने): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
putrādimukhadarśane (पुत्रादिमुखदर्शने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
nāndīmukhaṃ (नान्दीमुखं): nāndīmukhaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pitṛgaṇaṃ (पितृगणं): pitṛgaṇaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pūjayet (पूजयेत्): The core matches the root pūj, “to honour.”
prayato (प्रयतो): which; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to yato. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-. Together the form means pra + that sense.
gṛhī (गृही): gṛhī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

पितृपूजाक्रमः प्रोक्तो वृद्धाव् एष समासतः श्रूयताम् अवनीपाल प्रेतकर्मक्रियाविधिः

pitṛpūjākramaḥ prokto vṛddhāv eṣa samāsataḥ śrūyatām avanīpāla pretakarmakriyāvidhiḥ

[3.13.7] spoken forth this one

Word make-up

pitṛpūjākramaḥ (पितृपूजाक्रमः): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
prokto (प्रोक्तो): spoken forth; Inflected from prokta. pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
vṛddhāv (वृद्धाव्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
eṣa (एष): this one; Masculine of etad: “this one.”
samāsataḥ (समासतः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” sam- (“together”) + āsataḥ.
śrūyatām (श्रूयताम्): śrūyatām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
avanīpāla (अवनीपाल): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” ava- (“down, off”) + nīpāla.
pretakarmakriyāvidhiḥ (प्रेतकर्मक्रियाविधिः): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.”

प्रेतदेहं शुभैः स्नानैः स्नापितं स्रग्विभूषितम् दग्ध्वा ग्रामाद् बहिः स्नात्वा सचैलाः सलिलाशये

pretadehaṃ śubhaiḥ snānaiḥ snāpitaṃ sragvibhūṣitam dagdhvā grāmād bahiḥ snātvā sacailāḥ salilāśaye

[3.13.8] burns outside

Word make-up

pretadehaṃ (प्रेतदेहं): pretadehaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śubhaiḥ (शुभैः): śubhaiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
snānaiḥ (स्नानैः): snānaiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
snāpitaṃ (स्नापितं): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
sragvibhūṣitam (स्रग्विभूषितम्): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
dagdhvā (दग्ध्वा): burns; From dah, “to burn.” Burns.
grāmād (ग्रामाद्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
bahiḥ (बहिः): outside; Indeclinable: “outside.”
snātvā (स्नात्वा): snātvā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sacailāḥ (सचैलाः): sacailāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
salilāśaye (सलिलाशये): salilāśaye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

यत्र तत्र स्थितायैतद् अमुकायेति वादिनः दक्षिणाभिमुखा दद्युर् बान्धवाः सलिलाञ्जलिम्

yatra tatra sthitāyaitad amukāyeti vādinaḥ dakṣiṇābhimukhā dadyur bāndhavāḥ salilāñjalim

[3.13.9] where there a- (“not”) + mukāyeti

Word make-up

yatra (यत्र): where; ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
sthitāyaitad (स्थितायैतद्): sthitāyaitad is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
amukāyeti (अमुकायेति): a- (“not”) + mukāyeti; a- (“not”) + mukāyeti.
vādinaḥ (वादिनः): vādinaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dakṣiṇābhimukhā (दक्षिणाभिमुखा): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
dadyur (दद्युर्): dadyur is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bāndhavāḥ (बान्धवाः): bāndhavāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
salilāñjalim (सलिलाञ्जलिम्): salilāñjalim is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

प्रविष्टाश् च समं गोभिर् ग्रामं नक्षत्रदर्शने कटधर्मांस् ततः कुर्युर् भूमौ प्रस्तरशायिनः

praviṣṭāś ca samaṃ gobhir grāmaṃ nakṣatradarśane kaṭadharmāṃs tataḥ kuryur bhūmau prastaraśāyinaḥ

[3.13.10] and even then

Word make-up

praviṣṭāś (प्रविष्टाश्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + viṣṭāś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
samaṃ (समं): even; sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
gobhir (गोभिर्): gobhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
grāmaṃ (ग्रामं): grāmaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nakṣatradarśane (नक्षत्रदर्शने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
kaṭadharmāṃs (कटधर्मांस्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
kuryur (कुर्युर्): kuryur is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhūmau (भूमौ): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
prastaraśāyinaḥ (प्रस्तरशायिनः): The core matches the root as, “to be.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + staraśāyinaḥ.

दातव्यो ऽनुदिनं पिण्डः प्रेताय भुवि पार्थिव दिवा च भक्तं भोक्तव्यम् अमांसं मनुजर्षभ

dātavyo 'nudinaṃ piṇḍaḥ pretāya bhuvi pārthiva divā ca bhaktaṃ bhoktavyam amāṃsaṃ manujarṣabha

[3.13.11] and sharing-in

Word make-up

dātavyo (दातव्यो): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
'nudinaṃ (ऽनुदिनं): 'nudinaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
piṇḍaḥ (पिण्डः): piṇḍaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pretāya (प्रेताय): pretāya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhuvi (भुवि): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
pārthiva (पार्थिव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
divā (दिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
bhaktaṃ (भक्तं): sharing-in; Inflected from bhakta. From bhaj, “to share, to resort to.” Sharing-in (instrumental bhaktyā); one who shares in / resorts to (bhakta).
bhoktavyam (भोक्तव्यम्): bhoktavyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
amāṃsaṃ (अमांसं): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” a- (“not”) + māṃsaṃ.
manujarṣabha (मनुजर्षभ): The core matches the root man, “to think.”

दिनानि तानि चेच्छातः कर्तव्यं विप्रभोजनम् प्रेतस् तृप्तिं तथा याति बन्धुवर्गेण भुञ्जता

dināni tāni cecchātaḥ kartavyaṃ viprabhojanam pretas tṛptiṃ tathā yāti bandhuvargeṇa bhuñjatā

[3.13.12] them so going

Word make-up

dināni (दिनानि): dināni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tāni (तानि): them; Inflected from tān. Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
cecchātaḥ (चेच्छातः): cecchātaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kartavyaṃ (कर्तव्यं): kartavyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viprabhojanam (विप्रभोजनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prabhojanam.
pretas (प्रेतस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tṛptiṃ (तृप्तिं): tṛptiṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
bandhuvargeṇa (बन्धुवर्गेण): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”
bhuñjatā (भुञ्जता): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”

प्रथमे ऽह्नि तृतीये च सप्तमे नवमे तथा वस्त्रत्यागं बहिःस्नानं कृत्वा दद्यात् तिलोदकम्

prathame 'hni tṛtīye ca saptame navame tathā vastratyāgaṃ bahiḥsnānaṃ kṛtvā dadyāt tilodakam

[3.13.13] pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame and so doing

Word make-up

prathame (प्रथमे): pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame; pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
'hni (ऽह्नि): 'hni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tṛtīye (तृतीये): tṛtīye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
saptame (सप्तमे): saptame is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
navame (नवमे): navame is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
vastratyāgaṃ (वस्त्रत्यागं): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
bahiḥsnānaṃ (बहिःस्नानं): bahiḥsnānaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṛtvā (कृत्वा): doing; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” To do; having done; doing.
dadyāt (दद्यात्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tilodakam (तिलोदकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”

ततो ऽनुबन्धुवर्गस् तु भुवि दद्यात् तिलोदकम्

tato 'nubandhuvargas tu bhuvi dadyāt tilodakam

[3.13.13.26] that but

Word make-up

tato (ततो): that; Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
'nubandhuvargas (ऽनुबन्धुवर्गस्): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
bhuvi (भुवि): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
dadyāt (दद्यात्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tilodakam (तिलोदकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”

चतुर्थे ऽह्नि च कर्तव्यं भस्मास्थिचयनं नृप तदूर्ध्वम् अङ्गस्पर्शश् च सपिण्डानाम् अपीष्यते

caturthe 'hni ca kartavyaṃ bhasmāsthicayanaṃ nṛpa tadūrdhvam aṅgasparśaś ca sapiṇḍānām apīṣyate

[3.13.14] and and a- (“not”) + pīṣyate

Word make-up

caturthe (चतुर्थे): caturthe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'hni (ऽह्नि): 'hni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kartavyaṃ (कर्तव्यं): kartavyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhasmāsthicayanaṃ (भस्मास्थिचयनं): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
nṛpa (नृप): nṛpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tadūrdhvam (तदूर्ध्वम्): tadūrdhvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aṅgasparśaś (अङ्गस्पर्शश्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + ṅgasparśaś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sapiṇḍānām (सपिण्डानाम्): sapiṇḍānām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
apīṣyate (अपीष्यते): a- (“not”) + pīṣyate; a- (“not”) + pīṣyate.

योग्याः सर्वक्रियाणां तु समानसलिलास् तथा अनुलेपनपुष्पादिभोगाद् अन्यत्र पार्थिव

yogyāḥ sarvakriyāṇāṃ tu samānasalilās tathā anulepanapuṣpādibhogād anyatra pārthiva

[3.13.15] but so not where

Word make-up

yogyāḥ (योग्याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
sarvakriyāṇāṃ (सर्वक्रियाणां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
samānasalilās (समानसलिलास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” sam- (“together”) + ānasalilās.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
anulepanapuṣpādibhogād (अनुलेपनपुष्पादिभोगाद्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” anu- (“along, after”) + lepanapuṣpādibhogād.
anyatra (अन्यत्र): not where; an- (“not,” before vowels) joined to yatra. ya- + tra: “in which place, where.” Together the form means an + that sense.
pārthiva (पार्थिव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”

शय्यासनोपभोगश् च सपिण्डानाम् अपीष्यते भस्मास्थिचयनाद् ऊर्ध्वं संयोगो न तु योषिताम्

śayyāsanopabhogaś ca sapiṇḍānām apīṣyate bhasmāsthicayanād ūrdhvaṃ saṃyogo na tu yoṣitām

[3.13.16] and a- (“not”) + pīṣyate upward yoking not but

Word make-up

śayyāsanopabhogaś (शय्यासनोपभोगश्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sapiṇḍānām (सपिण्डानाम्): sapiṇḍānām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
apīṣyate (अपीष्यते): a- (“not”) + pīṣyate; a- (“not”) + pīṣyate.
bhasmāsthicayanād (भस्मास्थिचयनाद्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
ūrdhvaṃ (ऊर्ध्वं): upward; ūrdhva: “upward.”
saṃyogo (संयोगो): yoking; saṃ- (“together”) joined to yogo. From yuj, “to yoke, to join, to harness.” Yoga is a yoking: a joining of the mind, or a harnessing to a method. Not a vague “practice.” Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
yoṣitām (योषिताम्): yoṣitām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

बाले देशान्तरस्थे च पतिते च मुनौ मृते सद्यः शौचं तथेच्छातो जलाग्न्युद्बन्धनादिषु

bāle deśāntarasthe ca patite ca munau mṛte sadyaḥ śaucaṃ tathecchāto jalāgnyudbandhanādiṣu

[3.13.17] childish and and dies clean-ness

Word make-up

bāle (बाले): childish; Inflected from bāla. bāla: young, not full-grown; then “childish” as not ripe in knowing.
deśāntarasthe (देशान्तरस्थे): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
patite (पतिते): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
munau (मुनौ): munau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mṛte (मृते): dies; Inflected from mṛta. From mṛ, “to die.” Dies; dead.
sadyaḥ (सद्यः): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
śaucaṃ (शौचं): clean-ness; From śuc, “to gleam, to be clean.” Clean-ness.
tathecchāto (तथेच्छातो): tathecchāto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jalāgnyudbandhanādiṣu (जलाग्न्युद्बन्धनादिषु): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”

मृतबन्धोर् दशाहानि कुलस्यान्नं न भुज्यते दानं प्रतिग्रहो यज्ञः स्वाध्यायश् च निवर्तते

mṛtabandhor daśāhāni kulasyānnaṃ na bhujyate dānaṃ pratigraho yajñaḥ svādhyāyaś ca nivartate

[3.13.18] not giving offering and turns

Word make-up

mṛtabandhor (मृतबन्धोर्): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”
daśāhāni (दशाहानि): daśāhāni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kulasyānnaṃ (कुलस्यान्नं): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
bhujyate (भुज्यते): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
dānaṃ (दानं): giving; From dā, “to give.” Giving; the gift.
pratigraho (प्रतिग्रहो): The core matches the root grah, “to grasp.” prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + graho.
yajñaḥ (यज्ञः): offering; From yaj, “to offer, to worship, to stretch toward the gods.” The offering. Not merely “sacrifice” as killing.
svādhyāyaś (स्वाध्यायश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
nivartate (निवर्तते): turns; ni- (“down, in”) joined to vartate. From vṛt, “to turn.” Turns, goes on. pra-vṛt: turns forth, starts. Together the form means ni + that sense.

विप्रस्यैतद् द्वादशाहं राजन्यस्याप्य् अशौचकम् अर्धमासं तु वैश्यस्य मासं शूद्रस्य शुद्धये

viprasyaitad dvādaśāhaṃ rājanyasyāpy aśaucakam ardhamāsaṃ tu vaiśyasya māsaṃ śūdrasya śuddhaye

[3.13.19] but a vaiśya a śūdra

Word make-up

viprasyaitad (विप्रस्यैतद्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prasyaitad.
dvādaśāhaṃ (द्वादशाहं): dvādaśāhaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rājanyasyāpy (राजन्यस्याप्य्): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
aśaucakam (अशौचकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.” a- (“not”) + śaucakam.
ardhamāsaṃ (अर्धमासं): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” a- (“not”) + rdhamāsaṃ.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
vaiśyasya (वैश्यस्य): a vaiśya; Inflected from vaiśya. From viś, “settlement, the people.” One of the settler/producer class.
māsaṃ (मासं): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
śūdrasya (शूद्रस्य): a śūdra; Inflected from śūdra. The fourth class; traditionally from śuc/śudh or as the name of that group. The serving class in varṇa-talk.
śuddhaye (शुद्धये): śuddhaye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

अयुजो भोजयेत् कामं द्विजान् आद्ये ततो दिने दद्याद् दर्भेषु पिण्डं च प्रेतायोच्छिष्टसंनिधौ

ayujo bhojayet kāmaṃ dvijān ādye tato dine dadyād darbheṣu piṇḍaṃ ca pretāyocchiṣṭasaṃnidhau

[3.13.20] desire twice-born ā- (“unto, fully”) + dye that and

Word make-up

ayujo (अयुजो): The core matches the root yuj, “to yoke.” a- (“not”) + yujo.
bhojayet (भोजयेत्): bhojayet is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāmaṃ (कामं): desire; From kam, “to wish, to desire.” Wish; desire. Not only sexual desire.
dvijān (द्विजान्): twice-born; Inflected from dvija. dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
ādye (आद्ये): ā- (“unto, fully”) + dye; ā- (“unto, fully”) + dye.
tato (ततो): that; Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
dine (दिने): dine is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dadyād (दद्याद्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
darbheṣu (दर्भेषु): darbheṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
piṇḍaṃ (पिण्डं): piṇḍaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pretāyocchiṣṭasaṃnidhau (प्रेतायोच्छिष्टसंनिधौ): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”

वार्यायुधप्रतोदास् तु दण्डश् च द्विजभोजनात् स्प्रष्टव्यो ऽनन्तरं वर्णैः शुध्येरंस् ते ततः क्रमात्

vāryāyudhapratodās tu daṇḍaś ca dvijabhojanāt spraṣṭavyo 'nantaraṃ varṇaiḥ śudhyeraṃs te tataḥ kramāt

[3.13.21] but and colour-class you then

Word make-up

vāryāyudhapratodās (वार्यायुधप्रतोदास्): The core matches the root yudh, “to fight.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
daṇḍaś (दण्डश्): daṇḍaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dvijabhojanāt (द्विजभोजनात्): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
spraṣṭavyo (स्प्रष्टव्यो): spraṣṭavyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'nantaraṃ (ऽनन्तरं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
varṇaiḥ (वर्णैः): colour-class; Inflected from varṇa. From vṛ, “to cover, to choose.” Colour, covering, then class as a covering-name.
śudhyeraṃs (शुध्येरंस्): śudhyeraṃs is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
kramāt (क्रमात्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”

ततः स्ववर्णधर्मा ये विप्रादीनाम् उदाहृताः तान् कुर्वीत पुमाञ् जीवेन् निजधर्मार्जनैस् तथा

tataḥ svavarṇadharmā ye viprādīnām udāhṛtāḥ tān kurvīta pumāñ jīven nijadharmārjanais tathā

[3.13.22] then who vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prādīnām them so

Word make-up

tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
svavarṇadharmā (स्ववर्णधर्मा): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
viprādīnām (विप्रादीनाम्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prādīnām; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prādīnām.
udāhṛtāḥ (उदाहृताः): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.” ud- (“up, out”) + āhṛtāḥ.
tān (तान्): them; Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
kurvīta (कुर्वीत): kurvīta is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pumāñ (पुमाञ्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
jīven (जीवेन्): The core matches the root jīv, “to live.”
nijadharmārjanais (निजधर्मार्जनैस्): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.” ni- (“down, in”) + jadharmārjanais.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

मृते ऽहनि च कर्तव्यम् एकोद्दिष्टम् अतः परम् आह्वानादिक्रियादैवनियोगरहितं हि तत्

mṛte 'hani ca kartavyam ekoddiṣṭam ataḥ param āhvānādikriyādaivaniyogarahitaṃ hi tat

[3.13.23] dies and hence beyond for that

Word make-up

mṛte (मृते): dies; Inflected from mṛta. From mṛ, “to die.” Dies; dead.
'hani (ऽहनि): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kartavyam (कर्तव्यम्): kartavyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ekoddiṣṭam (एकोद्दिष्टम्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
ataḥ (अतः): hence; From idam/a-tas: “hence, therefore.”
param (परम्): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
āhvānādikriyādaivaniyogarahitaṃ (आह्वानादिक्रियादैवनियोगरहितं): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + hvānādikriyādaivaniyogarahitaṃ.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.

एको ऽर्घ्यस् तत्र दातव्यस् तथैवैकं पवित्रकम् प्रेताय पिण्डो दातव्यो भुक्तवत्सु द्विजातिषु

eko 'rghyas tatra dātavyas tathaivaikaṃ pavitrakam pretāya piṇḍo dātavyo bhuktavatsu dvijātiṣu

[3.13.24] one there

Word make-up

eko (एको): one; Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.
'rghyas (ऽर्घ्यस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
dātavyas (दातव्यस्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
tathaivaikaṃ (तथैवैकं): tathaivaikaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pavitrakam (पवित्रकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”
pretāya (प्रेताय): pretāya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
piṇḍo (पिण्डो): piṇḍo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dātavyo (दातव्यो): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
bhuktavatsu (भुक्तवत्सु): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
dvijātiṣu (द्विजातिषु): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”

प्रश्नश् च तत्राभिरतिर् यजमानद्विजन्मनाम् अक्षय्यम् अमुकस्येति वक्तव्यं विरतौ तथा

praśnaś ca tatrābhiratir yajamānadvijanmanām akṣayyam amukasyeti vaktavyaṃ viratau tathā

[3.13.25] and a- (“not”) + kṣayyam vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ratau so

Word make-up

praśnaś (प्रश्नश्): The core matches the root naś, “to perish.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + śnaś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tatrābhiratir (तत्राभिरतिर्): tatrābhiratir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yajamānadvijanmanām (यजमानद्विजन्मनाम्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
akṣayyam (अक्षय्यम्): a- (“not”) + kṣayyam; a- (“not”) + kṣayyam.
amukasyeti (अमुकस्येति): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + mukasyeti.
vaktavyaṃ (वक्तव्यं): vaktavyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viratau (विरतौ): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ratau; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ratau.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

एकोद्दिष्टमयो धर्म इत्थम् आवत्सरात् स्मृतः सपिण्डीकरणं तस्मिन् काले राजेन्द्र तच् छृणु

ekoddiṣṭamayo dharma ittham āvatsarāt smṛtaḥ sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ tasmin kāle rājendra tac chṛṇu

[3.13.26] that which holds ā- (“unto, fully”) + vatsarāt in that time

Word make-up

ekoddiṣṭamayo (एकोद्दिष्टमयो): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
dharma (धर्म): that which holds; From dhṛ, “to hold, to uphold.” That which holds, the holding: law, right, the way a thing is held in place. Not a one-word “religion.”
ittham (इत्थम्): ittham is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āvatsarāt (आवत्सरात्): ā- (“unto, fully”) + vatsarāt; ā- (“unto, fully”) + vatsarāt.
smṛtaḥ (स्मृतः): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ (सपिण्डीकरणं): sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tasmin (तस्मिन्): in that; Locative of tad: “in that.”
kāle (काले): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
rājendra (राजेन्द्र): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
tac (तच्): tac is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
chṛṇu (छृणु): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.”

एकोद्दिष्टविधानेन कार्यं तद् अपि पार्थिव

ekoddiṣṭavidhānena kāryaṃ tad api pārthiva

[3.13.27ab] what-is-to-be-done that also

Word make-up

ekoddiṣṭavidhānena (एकोद्दिष्टविधानेन): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.”
kāryaṃ (कार्यं): what-is-to-be-done; Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”
pārthiva (पार्थिव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”

संवत्सरे ऽथ षष्ठे वा मासि वा द्वादशे ऽह्नि वा

saṃvatsare 'tha ṣaṣṭhe vā māsi vā dvādaśe 'hni vā

[3.13.27ab.27] saṃ- (“together”) + vatsare or or or

Word make-up

saṃvatsare (संवत्सरे): saṃ- (“together”) + vatsare; saṃ- (“together”) + vatsare.
'tha (ऽथ): 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ṣaṣṭhe (षष्ठे): ṣaṣṭhe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
māsi (मासि): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
dvādaśe (द्वादशे): dvādaśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'hni (ऽह्नि): 'hni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”

तिलगन्धोदकैर् युक्तं तत्र पात्रचतुष्टयम्

tilagandhodakair yuktaṃ tatra pātracatuṣṭayam

[3.13.27cd] yoked there

Word make-up

tilagandhodakair (तिलगन्धोदकैर्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
yuktaṃ (युक्तं): yoked; From yuj, “to yoke, to join.” Is yoked; yoked; having yoked.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
pātracatuṣṭayam (पात्रचतुष्टयम्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”

पात्रं प्रेतस्य तत्रैकं पैत्रं पात्रत्रयं तथा सेचयेत् पितृपात्रेषु प्रेतपात्रं नृप त्रिषु

pātraṃ pretasya tatraikaṃ paitraṃ pātratrayaṃ tathā secayet pitṛpātreṣu pretapātraṃ nṛpa triṣu

[3.13.28] so

Word make-up

pātraṃ (पात्रं): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
pretasya (प्रेतस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tatraikaṃ (तत्रैकं): tatraikaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
paitraṃ (पैत्रं): paitraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pātratrayaṃ (पात्रत्रयं): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
secayet (सेचयेत्): secayet is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pitṛpātreṣu (पितृपात्रेषु): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
pretapātraṃ (प्रेतपात्रं): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
nṛpa (नृप): nṛpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
triṣu (त्रिषु): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”

ततः पितृत्वम् आपन्ने तस्मिन् प्रेते महीपते श्राद्धधर्मैर् अशेषैस् तु तत्पूर्वान् अर्चयेत् पितॄन्

tataḥ pitṛtvam āpanne tasmin prete mahīpate śrāddhadharmair aśeṣais tu tatpūrvān arcayet pitṝn

[3.13.29] then in that a- (“not”) + śeṣais but a- (“not”) + rcayet

Word make-up

tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
pitṛtvam (पितृत्वम्): pitṛtvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āpanne (आपन्ने): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + panne.
tasmin (तस्मिन्): in that; Locative of tad: “in that.”
prete (प्रेते): prete is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahīpate (महीपते): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
śrāddhadharmair (श्राद्धधर्मैर्): śrāddhadharmair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aśeṣais (अशेषैस्): a- (“not”) + śeṣais; a- (“not”) + śeṣais.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tatpūrvān (तत्पूर्वान्): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
arcayet (अर्चयेत्): a- (“not”) + rcayet; a- (“not”) + rcayet.
pitṝn (पितॄन्): pitṝn is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

पुत्रः पौत्रः प्रपौत्रो वा बन्धुर् वा भ्रातृसंततिः सपिण्डसंततिर् वापि क्रियार्हो नृप जायते

putraḥ pautraḥ prapautro vā bandhur vā bhrātṛsaṃtatiḥ sapiṇḍasaṃtatir vāpi kriyārho nṛpa jāyate

[3.13.30] pra- (“forth, forward”) + pautro or or or even is born

Word make-up

putraḥ (पुत्रः): putraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pautraḥ (पौत्रः): pautraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prapautro (प्रपौत्रो): pra- (“forth, forward”) + pautro; pra- (“forth, forward”) + pautro.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
bandhur (बन्धुर्): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
bhrātṛsaṃtatiḥ (भ्रातृसंततिः): bhrātṛsaṃtatiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sapiṇḍasaṃtatir (सपिण्डसंततिर्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vāpi (वापि): or even; vā “or” + api “even.”
kriyārho (क्रियार्हो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
nṛpa (नृप): nṛpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jāyate (जायते): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

तेषाम् अभावे सर्वेषां समानोदकसंततिः मातृपक्षस्य पिण्डेन संबद्धा ये जलेन वा

teṣām abhāve sarveṣāṃ samānodakasaṃtatiḥ mātṛpakṣasya piṇḍena saṃbaddhā ye jalena vā

[3.13.31] of them not coming-to-be of all who or

Word make-up

teṣām (तेषाम्): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
abhāve (अभावे): not coming-to-be; a- (“not”) joined to bhāve. From bhū, “to be, to come to be.” Coming-to-be; a state of being. Together the form means a + that sense.
sarveṣāṃ (सर्वेषां): of all; Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
samānodakasaṃtatiḥ (समानोदकसंततिः): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” sam- (“together”) + ānodakasaṃtatiḥ.
mātṛpakṣasya (मातृपक्षस्य): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
piṇḍena (पिण्डेन): piṇḍena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃbaddhā (संबद्धा): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” saṃ- (“together”) + baddhā.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
jalena (जलेन): jalena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”

कुलद्वये ऽपि चोच्छिन्ने स्त्रीभिः कार्याः क्रिया नृप संघातान्तर्गतैर् वापि कार्याः प्रेतस्य याः क्रियाः उत्सन्नबन्धुरिक्थानां कारयेद् अवनीपतिः

kuladvaye 'pi cocchinne strībhiḥ kāryāḥ kriyā nṛpa saṃghātāntargatair vāpi kāryāḥ pretasya yāḥ kriyāḥ utsannabandhurikthānāṃ kārayed avanīpatiḥ

[3.13.32] what-is-to-be-done saṃ- (“together”) + ghātāntargatair or even what-is-to-be-done

Word make-up

kuladvaye (कुलद्वये): kuladvaye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'pi (ऽपि): 'pi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cocchinne (चोच्छिन्ने): cocchinne is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
strībhiḥ (स्त्रीभिः): strībhiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāryāḥ (कार्याः): what-is-to-be-done; Inflected from kārya. Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
kriyā (क्रिया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
nṛpa (नृप): nṛpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃghātāntargatair (संघातान्तर्गतैर्): saṃ- (“together”) + ghātāntargatair; saṃ- (“together”) + ghātāntargatair.
vāpi (वापि): or even; vā “or” + api “even.”
kāryāḥ (कार्याः): what-is-to-be-done; Inflected from kārya. Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
pretasya (प्रेतस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
yāḥ (याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
kriyāḥ (क्रियाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
utsannabandhurikthānāṃ (उत्सन्नबन्धुरिक्थानां): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.” ut- (“up, out”) + sannabandhurikthānāṃ.
kārayed (कारयेद्): kārayed is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
avanīpatiḥ (अवनीपतिः): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” ava- (“down, off”) + nīpatiḥ.

पूर्वाः क्रिया मध्यमाश् च तथा चैवोत्तराः क्रियाः त्रिःप्रकाराः क्रिया ह्य् एतास् तासां भेदं शृणुष्व मे

pūrvāḥ kriyā madhyamāś ca tathā caivottarāḥ kriyāḥ triḥprakārāḥ kriyā hy etās tāsāṃ bhedaṃ śṛṇuṣva me

[3.13.33] and so my

Word make-up

pūrvāḥ (पूर्वाः): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
kriyā (क्रिया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
madhyamāś (मध्यमाश्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
caivottarāḥ (चैवोत्तराः): caivottarāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kriyāḥ (क्रियाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
triḥprakārāḥ (त्रिःप्रकाराः): triḥprakārāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kriyā (क्रिया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
etās (एतास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tāsāṃ (तासां): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
bhedaṃ (भेदं): bhedaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śṛṇuṣva (शृणुष्व): śṛṇuṣva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”

आदाहवार्यायुधादिस्पर्शाद्यन्तास् तु याः क्रियाः ताः पूर्वा मध्यमा मासि मास्य् एकोद्दिष्टसंज्ञिताः

ādāhavāryāyudhādisparśādyantās tu yāḥ kriyāḥ tāḥ pūrvā madhyamā māsi māsy ekoddiṣṭasaṃjñitāḥ

[3.13.34] but middle

Word make-up

ādāhavāryāyudhādisparśādyantās (आदाहवार्यायुधादिस्पर्शाद्यन्तास्): The core matches the root yudh, “to fight.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + dāhavāryāyudhādisparśādyantās.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
yāḥ (याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
kriyāḥ (क्रियाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tāḥ (ताः): tāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pūrvā (पूर्वा): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
madhyamā (मध्यमा): middle; Inflected from madhyam. madhya: middle.
māsi (मासि): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
māsy (मास्य्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
ekoddiṣṭasaṃjñitāḥ (एकोद्दिष्टसंज्ञिताः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”

प्रेते पितृत्वम् आपन्ने सपिण्डीकरणाद् अनु क्रियन्ते याः क्रियाः पित्र्याः प्रोच्यन्ते ता नृपोत्तराः

prete pitṛtvam āpanne sapiṇḍīkaraṇād anu kriyante yāḥ kriyāḥ pitryāḥ procyante tā nṛpottarāḥ

[3.13.35]

Word make-up

prete (प्रेते): prete is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pitṛtvam (पितृत्वम्): pitṛtvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āpanne (आपन्ने): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + panne.
sapiṇḍīkaraṇād (सपिण्डीकरणाद्): sapiṇḍīkaraṇād is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anu (अनु): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
kriyante (क्रियन्ते): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
yāḥ (याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
kriyāḥ (क्रियाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
pitryāḥ (पित्र्याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
procyante (प्रोच्यन्ते): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
tā (ता): tā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nṛpottarāḥ (नृपोत्तराः): nṛpottarāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

पितृमातृसपिण्डैस् तु समानसलिलैस् तथा तत्संघातगतैश् चैव राज्ञा वा धनहारिणा

pitṛmātṛsapiṇḍais tu samānasalilais tathā tatsaṃghātagataiś caiva rājñā vā dhanahāriṇā

[3.13.36] but so king or

Word make-up

pitṛmātṛsapiṇḍais (पितृमातृसपिण्डैस्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
samānasalilais (समानसलिलैस्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” sam- (“together”) + ānasalilais.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tatsaṃghātagataiś (तत्संघातगतैश्): tatsaṃghātagataiś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rājñā (राज्ञा): king; Inflected from rājña. From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
dhanahāriṇā (धनहारिणा): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”

पूर्वाः क्रियास् तु कर्तव्याः पुत्राद्यैर् एव चोत्तराः दौहित्रैर् वा नरश्रेष्ठ कार्यास् तत्तनयैस् तथा

pūrvāḥ kriyās tu kartavyāḥ putrādyair eva cottarāḥ dauhitrair vā naraśreṣṭha kāryās tattanayais tathā

[3.13.37] but just or so

Word make-up

pūrvāḥ (पूर्वाः): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
kriyās (क्रियास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kartavyāḥ (कर्तव्याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
putrādyair (पुत्राद्यैर्): putrādyair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
cottarāḥ (चोत्तराः): cottarāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dauhitrair (दौहित्रैर्): dauhitrair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
naraśreṣṭha (नरश्रेष्ठ): naraśreṣṭha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāryās (कार्यास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tattanayais (तत्तनयैस्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

मृताहनि च कर्तव्याः स्त्रीणाम् अप्य् उत्तराः क्रियाः प्रतिसंवत्सरं राजन्न् एकोद्दिष्टविधानतः

mṛtāhani ca kartavyāḥ strīṇām apy uttarāḥ kriyāḥ pratisaṃvatsaraṃ rājann ekoddiṣṭavidhānataḥ

[3.13.38] and ut- (“up, out”) + tarāḥ prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + saṃvatsaraṃ

Word make-up

mṛtāhani (मृताहनि): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kartavyāḥ (कर्तव्याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
strīṇām (स्त्रीणाम्): strīṇām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
apy (अप्य्): apy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
uttarāḥ (उत्तराः): ut- (“up, out”) + tarāḥ; ut- (“up, out”) + tarāḥ.
kriyāḥ (क्रियाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
pratisaṃvatsaraṃ (प्रतिसंवत्सरं): prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + saṃvatsaraṃ; prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + saṃvatsaraṃ.
rājann (राजन्न्): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
ekoddiṣṭavidhānataḥ (एकोद्दिष्टविधानतः): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.”

तस्माद् उत्तरसंज्ञा याः क्रियास् ताः शृणु पार्थिव यदा यदा च कर्तव्या विधिना येन चानघ

tasmād uttarasaṃjñā yāḥ kriyās tāḥ śṛṇu pārthiva yadā yadā ca kartavyā vidhinā yena cānagha

[3.13.39] hearing when when and by which

Word make-up

tasmād (तस्माद्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
uttarasaṃjñā (उत्तरसंज्ञा): The core matches the root jñā, “to know.” ut- (“up, out”) + tarasaṃjñā.
yāḥ (याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
kriyās (क्रियास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tāḥ (ताः): tāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
pārthiva (पार्थिव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
yadā (यदा): when; ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
yadā (यदा): when; ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kartavyā (कर्तव्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
vidhinā (विधिना): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dhinā.
yena (येन): by which; Instrumental of yad: “by which.”
cānagha (चानघ): cānagha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

Viṣṇu Purāṇa

Tṛtīya Aṃśa, Trayodaśa Adhyāya

Devanagari scan