Dvitīya Aṃśa, Caturtha Adhyāya

इति श्रीविष्णुपुराणे द्वितीये ऽंशे तृतीयो ऽध्यायः क्षारोदेन यथा द्वीपो जम्बूसंज्ञो ऽभिवेष्टितः संवेष्ट्य क्षारम् उदधिं प्लक्षद्वीपस् तथा स्थितः

[[iti śrīviṣṇupurāṇe dvitīye 'ṃśe tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ]] kṣārodena yathā dvīpo jambūsaṃjño 'bhiveṣṭitaḥ saṃveṣṭya kṣāram udadhiṃ plakṣadvīpas tathā sthitaḥ

[2.4.1] as saṃ- (“together”) + veṣṭya ud- (“up, out”) + adhiṃ so standing

Word make-up

[[iti (इति): [[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
dvitīye (द्वितीये): dvitīye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'ṃśe (ऽंशे): 'ṃśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tṛtīyo (तृतीयो): tṛtīyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
]]: ]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṣārodena (क्षारोदेन): kṣārodena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
dvīpo (द्वीपो): dvīpo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jambūsaṃjño (जम्बूसंज्ञो): jambūsaṃjño is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'bhiveṣṭitaḥ (ऽभिवेष्टितः): 'bhiveṣṭitaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃveṣṭya (संवेष्ट्य): saṃ- (“together”) + veṣṭya; saṃ- (“together”) + veṣṭya.
kṣāram (क्षारम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
udadhiṃ (उदधिं): ud- (“up, out”) + adhiṃ; ud- (“up, out”) + adhiṃ.
plakṣadvīpas (प्लक्षद्वीपस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
sthitaḥ (स्थितः): standing; From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.

अथ प्लक्षादिकद्वीपान् वर्षाद्रिसरिदब्धिभिः

atha plakṣādikadvīpān varṣādrisaridabdhibhiḥ

[2.4.1.3:1] then

Word make-up

atha (अथ): then; Particle: “then, now” — starts a new move.
plakṣādikadvīpān (प्लक्षादिकद्वीपान्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
varṣādrisaridabdhibhiḥ (वर्षाद्रिसरिदब्धिभिः): varṣādrisaridabdhibhiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

वर्णरूपादिभेदेन वर्णयत्य् आकटाहतः

varṇarūpādibhedena varṇayaty ākaṭāhataḥ

[2.4.1.3:2] ā- (“unto, fully”) + kaṭāhataḥ

Word make-up

varṇarūpādibhedena (वर्णरूपादिभेदेन): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
varṇayaty (वर्णयत्य्): varṇayaty is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ākaṭāhataḥ (आकटाहतः): ā- (“unto, fully”) + kaṭāhataḥ; ā- (“unto, fully”) + kaṭāhataḥ.

जम्बूद्वीपस्य विस्तारः शतसाहस्रसंमितः स एवं द्विगुणो ब्रह्मन् प्लक्षद्वीप उदाहृतः

jambūdvīpasya vistāraḥ śatasāhasrasaṃmitaḥ sa evaṃ dviguṇo brahman plakṣadvīpa udāhṛtaḥ

[2.4.2] vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāraḥ he just that-which-is-vast (brahman)

Word make-up

jambūdvīpasya (जम्बूद्वीपस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vistāraḥ (विस्तारः): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāraḥ; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāraḥ.
śatasāhasrasaṃmitaḥ (शतसाहस्रसंमितः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
evaṃ (एवं): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
dviguṇo (द्विगुणो): dviguṇo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brahman (ब्रह्मन्): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
plakṣadvīpa (प्लक्षद्वीप): plakṣadvīpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
udāhṛtaḥ (उदाहृतः): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.” ud- (“up, out”) + āhṛtaḥ.

सप्त मेधातिथेः पुत्राः प्लक्षद्वीपेश्वरस्य वै ज्येष्ठः शान्तभयो नाम शिशिरस् तदनन्तरः

sapta medhātitheḥ putrāḥ plakṣadvīpeśvarasya vai jyeṣṭhaḥ śāntabhayo nāma śiśiras tadanantaraḥ

[2.4.3] seven indeed name

Word make-up

sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
medhātitheḥ (मेधातिथेः): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
putrāḥ (पुत्राः): putrāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
plakṣadvīpeśvarasya (प्लक्षद्वीपेश्वरस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
jyeṣṭhaḥ (ज्येष्ठः): jyeṣṭhaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śāntabhayo (शान्तभयो): śāntabhayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nāma (नाम): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
śiśiras (शिशिरस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tadanantaraḥ (तदनन्तरः): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”

सुखोदयस् तथानन्दः शिवः क्षेमक एव च ध्रुवश् च सप्तमस् तेषां प्लक्षद्वीपेश्वरा हि ते

sukhodayas tathānandaḥ śivaḥ kṣemaka eva ca dhruvaś ca saptamas teṣāṃ plakṣadvīpeśvarā hi te

[2.4.4] just and and of them for you

Word make-up

sukhodayas (सुखोदयस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” su- (“well, good”) + khodayas.
tathānandaḥ (तथानन्दः): The core matches the root nand, “to rejoice.”
śivaḥ (शिवः): śivaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṣemaka (क्षेमक): kṣemaka is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dhruvaś (ध्रुवश्): dhruvaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
saptamas (सप्तमस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
plakṣadvīpeśvarā (प्लक्षद्वीपेश्वरा): plakṣadvīpeśvarā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.

पूर्वं शान्तभयं वर्षं शिशिरं सुखदं तथा आनन्दं च शिवं चैव क्षेमकं ध्रुवम् एव च

pūrvaṃ śāntabhayaṃ varṣaṃ śiśiraṃ sukhadaṃ tathā ānandaṃ ca śivaṃ caiva kṣemakaṃ dhruvam eva ca

[2.4.5] su- (“well, good”) + khadaṃ so and just and

Word make-up

pūrvaṃ (पूर्वं): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
śāntabhayaṃ (शान्तभयं): śāntabhayaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣaṃ (वर्षं): varṣaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śiśiraṃ (शिशिरं): śiśiraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sukhadaṃ (सुखदं): su- (“well, good”) + khadaṃ; su- (“well, good”) + khadaṃ.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
ānandaṃ (आनन्दं): The core matches the root nand, “to rejoice.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + nandaṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
śivaṃ (शिवं): śivaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṣemakaṃ (क्षेमकं): kṣemakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dhruvam (ध्रुवम्): dhruvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”

मर्यादाकारकास् तेषां तथान्ये वर्षपर्वताः सप्तैव तेषां नामानि शृणुष्व मुनिसत्तम

maryādākārakās teṣāṃ tathānye varṣaparvatāḥ saptaiva teṣāṃ nāmāni śṛṇuṣva munisattama

[2.4.6] of them of them name

Word make-up

maryādākārakās (मर्यादाकारकास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
tathānye (तथान्ये): tathānye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣaparvatāḥ (वर्षपर्वताः): varṣaparvatāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptaiva (सप्तैव): saptaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
nāmāni (नामानि): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
śṛṇuṣva (शृणुष्व): śṛṇuṣva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

गोमेदश् चैव चन्द्रश् च नारदो दुन्दुभिस् तथा सोमकः सुमनाः शैलो वैभ्राजश् चैव सप्तमः

gomedaś caiva candraś ca nārado dundubhis tathā somakaḥ sumanāḥ śailo vaibhrājaś caiva saptamaḥ

[2.4.7] and Nārada, the seer (nara + da, “giver to men,” traditionally) so mind

Word make-up

gomedaś (गोमेदश्): gomedaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
candraś (चन्द्रश्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
nārado (नारदो): Nārada, the seer (nara + da, “giver to men,” traditionally); Inflected from nārada. Nārada, the seer (nara + da, “giver to men,” traditionally).
dundubhis (दुन्दुभिस्): dundubhis is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
somakaḥ (सोमकः): somakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sumanāḥ (सुमनाः): mind; su- (“well, good”) joined to manāḥ. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost. Together the form means su + that sense.
śailo (शैलो): śailo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vaibhrājaś (वैभ्राजश्): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptamaḥ (सप्तमः): saptamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

वर्षाचलेषु रम्येषु वर्षेष्व् एतेषु चानघाः वसन्ति देवगन्धर्वसहिताः सततं प्रजाः

varṣācaleṣu ramyeṣu varṣeṣv eteṣu cānaghāḥ vasanti devagandharvasahitāḥ satataṃ prajāḥ

[2.4.8] continuously born from

Word make-up

varṣācaleṣu (वर्षाचलेषु): The core matches the root cal, “to stir.”
ramyeṣu (रम्येषु): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
varṣeṣv (वर्षेष्व्): varṣeṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eteṣu (एतेषु): eteṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cānaghāḥ (चानघाः): cānaghāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vasanti (वसन्ति): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
devagandharvasahitāḥ (देवगन्धर्वसहिताः): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
satataṃ (सततं): continuously; From satata: stretched continuously; always.
prajāḥ (प्रजाः): born from; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to jāḥ. From jan, “to be born.” Born from; produced. Together the form means pra + that sense.

तेषु पुण्या जनपदाश् चिराच् च म्रियते जनः नाधयो व्याधयो वापि सर्वकालसुखं हि तत्

teṣu puṇyā janapadāś cirāc ca mriyate janaḥ nādhayo vyādhayo vāpi sarvakālasukhaṃ hi tat

[2.4.9] in them merit and dies or even for that

Word make-up

teṣu (तेषु): in them; Locative plural of tad: “in them.”
puṇyā (पुण्या): merit; Inflected from puṇya. puṇya: auspicious, meritorious (from puṇ/pūṣ related “to thrive”). Merit as what thrives.
janapadāś (जनपदाश्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
cirāc (चिराच्): cirāc is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mriyate (म्रियते): dies; From mṛ, “to die.” Dies; dead.
janaḥ (जनः): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
nādhayo (नाधयो): nādhayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vyādhayo (व्याधयो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
vāpi (वापि): or even; vā “or” + api “even.”
sarvakālasukhaṃ (सर्वकालसुखं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.

तेषां नद्यश् च सप्तैव वर्षाणां तु समुद्रगाः नामतस् ताः प्रवक्ष्यामि श्रुताः पापं हरन्ति याः

teṣāṃ nadyaś ca saptaiva varṣāṇāṃ tu samudragāḥ nāmatas tāḥ pravakṣyāmi śrutāḥ pāpaṃ haranti yāḥ

[2.4.10] of them and but I shall speak ill-deed

Word make-up

teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
nadyaś (नद्यश्): nadyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
saptaiva (सप्तैव): saptaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣāṇāṃ (वर्षाणां): varṣāṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
samudragāḥ (समुद्रगाः): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udragāḥ.
nāmatas (नामतस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tāḥ (ताः): tāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pravakṣyāmi (प्रवक्ष्यामि): I shall speak; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to vakṣyāmi. Future of vac, “to speak.” I shall speak. Together the form means pra + that sense.
śrutāḥ (श्रुताः): The core matches the root śru, “to hear.”
pāpaṃ (पापं): ill-deed; pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
haranti (हरन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
yāḥ (याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”

अनुतप्ता शिखी चैव विपाशा त्रिदिवा क्रमुः अमृता सुकृता चैव सप्तैतास् तत्र निम्नगाः

anutaptā śikhī caiva vipāśā tridivā kramuḥ amṛtā sukṛtā caiva saptaitās tatra nimnagāḥ

[2.4.11] not-dead there ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ

Word make-up

anutaptā (अनुतप्ता): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.” anu- (“along, after”) + taptā.
śikhī (शिखी): śikhī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vipāśā (विपाशा): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pāśā.
tridivā (त्रिदिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
kramuḥ (क्रमुः): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
amṛtā (अमृता): not-dead; Inflected from amṛta. a- (“not”) + mṛta (mṛ, “to die”). Not-dead; deathless as not having died — still not the same as akṣara (not-perishing).
sukṛtā (सुकृता): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.” su- (“well, good”) + kṛtā.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptaitās (सप्तैतास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
nimnagāḥ (निम्नगाः): ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ; ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ.

एते शैलास् तथा नद्यः प्रधानाः कथितास् तव क्षुद्रनद्यस् तथा शैलास् तत्र सन्ति सहस्रशः ताः पिबन्ति सदा हृष्टा नदीर् जनपदास् तु ते

ete śailās tathā nadyaḥ pradhānāḥ kathitās tava kṣudranadyas tathā śailās tatra santi sahasraśaḥ tāḥ pibanti sadā hṛṣṭā nadīr janapadās tu te

[2.4.12] these so your so there they are always but you

Word make-up

ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
śailās (शैलास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
nadyaḥ (नद्यः): nadyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pradhānāḥ (प्रधानाः): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + dhānāḥ.
kathitās (कथितास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tava (तव): your; Genitive of yuṣmad: “your.”
kṣudranadyas (क्षुद्रनद्यस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
śailās (शैलास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
santi (सन्ति): they are; Present of as: “they are.”
sahasraśaḥ (सहस्रशः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tāḥ (ताः): tāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pibanti (पिबन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
sadā (सदा): always; sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
hṛṣṭā (हृष्टा): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.”
nadīr (नदीर्): nadīr is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
janapadās (जनपदास्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.

अपसर्पिणी न तेषां वै न चैवोत्सर्पिणी द्विज न त्व् एवास्ति युगावस्था तेषु स्थानेषु सप्तसु

apasarpiṇī na teṣāṃ vai na caivotsarpiṇī dvija na tv evāsti yugāvasthā teṣu sthāneṣu saptasu

[2.4.13] not of them indeed not twice-born not in them standing

Word make-up

apasarpiṇī (अपसर्पिणी): The core matches the root as, “to be.” apa- (“away”) + sarpiṇī.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
caivotsarpiṇī (चैवोत्सर्पिणी): caivotsarpiṇī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
tv (त्व्): tv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
evāsti (एवास्ति): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
yugāvasthā (युगावस्था): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.”
teṣu (तेषु): in them; Locative plural of tad: “in them.”
sthāneṣu (स्थानेषु): standing; Inflected from sthāna. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
saptasu (सप्तसु): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

त्रेतायुगसमः कालः सर्वदैव महामते प्लक्षद्वीपादिषु ब्रह्मञ् शाकद्वीपान्तिकेषु वै

tretāyugasamaḥ kālaḥ sarvadaiva mahāmate plakṣadvīpādiṣu brahmañ śākadvīpāntikeṣu vai

[2.4.14] time indeed

Word make-up

tretāyugasamaḥ (त्रेतायुगसमः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
kālaḥ (कालः): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
sarvadaiva (सर्वदैव): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
mahāmate (महामते): mahāmate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
plakṣadvīpādiṣu (प्लक्षद्वीपादिषु): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
brahmañ (ब्रह्मञ्): brahmañ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śākadvīpāntikeṣu (शाकद्वीपान्तिकेषु): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

पञ्चवर्षसहस्राणि जना जीवन्त्य् अनामयाः धर्मः पञ्चस्व् अथैतेषु वर्णाश्रमविभागशः

pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi janā jīvanty anāmayāḥ dharmaḥ pañcasv athaiteṣu varṇāśramavibhāgaśaḥ

[2.4.15] that which holds a- (“not”) + thaiteṣu

Word make-up

pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi (पञ्चवर्षसहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
janā (जना): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
jīvanty (जीवन्त्य्): The core matches the root jīv, “to live.”
anāmayāḥ (अनामयाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + nāmayāḥ.
dharmaḥ (धर्मः): that which holds; From dhṛ, “to hold, to uphold.” That which holds, the holding: law, right, the way a thing is held in place. Not a one-word “religion.”
pañcasv (पञ्चस्व्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
athaiteṣu (अथैतेषु): a- (“not”) + thaiteṣu; a- (“not”) + thaiteṣu.
varṇāśramavibhāgaśaḥ (वर्णाश्रमविभागशः): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

वर्णाश् च तत्र चत्वारस् तान् निबोध वदामि ते

varṇāś ca tatra catvāras tān nibodha vadāmi te

[2.4.16] and there four them learn you

Word make-up

varṇāś (वर्णाश्): varṇāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
catvāras (चत्वारस्): four; catur: four.
tān (तान्): them; Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
nibodha (निबोध): learn; ni-budh, “to wake to, to learn.” Learn! Know!
vadāmi (वदामि): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.

आर्यकाः कुरराश् चैव विविंशा भाविनश् च ये विप्रक्षत्रियवैश्यास् ते शूद्राश् च मुनिसत्तम

āryakāḥ kurarāś caiva viviṃśā bhāvinaś ca ye viprakṣatriyavaiśyās te śūdrāś ca munisattama

[2.4.17] ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakāḥ vi- (“apart, asunder”) + viṃśā and who you and

Word make-up

āryakāḥ (आर्यकाः): ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakāḥ; ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakāḥ.
kurarāś (कुरराश्): kurarāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viviṃśā (विविंशा): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + viṃśā; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + viṃśā.
bhāvinaś (भाविनश्): The core matches the root naś, “to perish.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
viprakṣatriyavaiśyās (विप्रक्षत्रियवैश्यास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prakṣatriyavaiśyās.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
śūdrāś (शूद्राश्): śūdrāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

जम्बूवृक्षप्रमाणस् तु तन्मध्ये सुमहांस् तरुः प्लक्षस् तन्नामसंज्ञो ऽयं प्लक्षद्वीपो द्विजोत्तम

jambūvṛkṣapramāṇas tu tanmadhye sumahāṃs taruḥ plakṣas tannāmasaṃjño 'yaṃ plakṣadvīpo dvijottama

[2.4.18] but su- (“well, good”) + mahāṃs twice-born

Word make-up

jambūvṛkṣapramāṇas (जम्बूवृक्षप्रमाणस्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tanmadhye (तन्मध्ये): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
sumahāṃs (सुमहांस्): su- (“well, good”) + mahāṃs; su- (“well, good”) + mahāṃs.
taruḥ (तरुः): taruḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
plakṣas (प्लक्षस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tannāmasaṃjño (तन्नामसंज्ञो): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
'yaṃ (ऽयं): 'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
plakṣadvīpo (प्लक्षद्वीपो): plakṣadvīpo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvijottama (द्विजोत्तम): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

इज्यते तत्र भगवांस् तैर् वर्णैर् आर्यकादिभिः सोमरूपी जगत्स्रष्टा सर्वः सर्वेश्वरो हरिः

ijyate tatra bhagavāṃs tair varṇair āryakādibhiḥ somarūpī jagatsraṣṭā sarvaḥ sarveśvaro hariḥ

[2.4.19] there ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakādibhiḥ all

Word make-up

ijyate (इज्यते): ijyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
bhagavāṃs (भगवांस्): bhagavāṃs is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tair (तैर्): tair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṇair (वर्णैर्): varṇair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āryakādibhiḥ (आर्यकादिभिः): ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakādibhiḥ; ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakādibhiḥ.
somarūpī (सोमरूपी): somarūpī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jagatsraṣṭā (जगत्स्रष्टा): jagatsraṣṭā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvaḥ (सर्वः): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarveśvaro (सर्वेश्वरो): sarveśvaro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hariḥ (हरिः): hariḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

प्लक्षद्वीपप्रमाणेन प्लक्षद्वीपः समावृतः तथैवेक्षुरसोदेन परिवेषानुकारिणा

plakṣadvīpapramāṇena plakṣadvīpaḥ samāvṛtaḥ tathaivekṣurasodena pariveṣānukāriṇā

[2.4.20] pari- (“around”) + veṣānukāriṇā

Word make-up

plakṣadvīpapramāṇena (प्लक्षद्वीपप्रमाणेन): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
plakṣadvīpaḥ (प्लक्षद्वीपः): plakṣadvīpaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samāvṛtaḥ (समावृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” sam- (“together”) + āvṛtaḥ.
tathaivekṣurasodena (तथैवेक्षुरसोदेन): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
pariveṣānukāriṇā (परिवेषानुकारिणा): pari- (“around”) + veṣānukāriṇā; pari- (“around”) + veṣānukāriṇā.

इत्य् एष तव मैत्रेय प्लक्षद्वीप उदाहृतः संक्षेपेण मया भूयः शाल्मलं मे निशामय

ity eṣa tava maitreya plakṣadvīpa udāhṛtaḥ saṃkṣepeṇa mayā bhūyaḥ śālmalaṃ me niśāmaya

[2.4.21] this one your saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa by me again my ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya

Word make-up

ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eṣa (एष): this one; Masculine of etad: “this one.”
tava (तव): your; Genitive of yuṣmad: “your.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
plakṣadvīpa (प्लक्षद्वीप): plakṣadvīpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
udāhṛtaḥ (उदाहृतः): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.” ud- (“up, out”) + āhṛtaḥ.
saṃkṣepeṇa (संक्षेपेण): saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa; saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa.
mayā (मया): by me; Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
bhūyaḥ (भूयः): again; Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
śālmalaṃ (शाल्मलं): śālmalaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
niśāmaya (निशामय): ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya; ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya.

शाल्मलस्येश्वरो वीरो वपुष्मांस् तत्सुताञ् छृणु येषां तु नामसंज्ञानि सप्त वर्षाणि तानि वै

śālmalasyeśvaro vīro vapuṣmāṃs tatsutāñ chṛṇu yeṣāṃ tu nāmasaṃjñāni sapta varṣāṇi tāni vai

[2.4.22] of whom but seven them indeed

Word make-up

śālmalasyeśvaro (शाल्मलस्येश्वरो): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vīro (वीरो): vīro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vapuṣmāṃs (वपुष्मांस्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
tatsutāñ (तत्सुताञ्): tatsutāñ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
chṛṇu (छृणु): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.”
yeṣāṃ (येषां): of whom; Genitive plural of yad: “of whom.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
nāmasaṃjñāni (नामसंज्ञानि): The core matches the root jñā, “to know.”
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
varṣāṇi (वर्षाणि): varṣāṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tāni (तानि): them; Inflected from tān. Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

श्वेतो ऽथ हरितश् चैव जीमूतो रोहितस् तथा वैद्युतो मानसश् चैव सुप्रभश् च महामुने

śveto 'tha haritaś caiva jīmūto rohitas tathā vaidyuto mānasaś caiva suprabhaś ca mahāmune

[2.4.23] so su- (“well, good”) + prabhaś and

Word make-up

śveto (श्वेतो): śveto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'tha (ऽथ): 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
haritaś (हरितश्): haritaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jīmūto (जीमूतो): jīmūto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rohitas (रोहितस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
vaidyuto (वैद्युतो): vaidyuto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mānasaś (मानसश्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
suprabhaś (सुप्रभश्): su- (“well, good”) + prabhaś; su- (“well, good”) + prabhaś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

शाल्मलेन समुद्रो ऽसौ द्वीपेनेक्षुरसोदकः विस्तारद्विगुणेनाथ सर्वतः संवृतः स्थितः

śālmalena samudro 'sau dvīpenekṣurasodakaḥ vistāradviguṇenātha sarvataḥ saṃvṛtaḥ sthitaḥ

[2.4.24] vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāradviguṇenātha all standing

Word make-up

śālmalena (शाल्मलेन): śālmalena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samudro (समुद्रो): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udro.
'sau (ऽसौ): 'sau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvīpenekṣurasodakaḥ (द्वीपेनेक्षुरसोदकः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vistāradviguṇenātha (विस्तारद्विगुणेनाथ): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāradviguṇenātha; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāradviguṇenātha.
sarvataḥ (सर्वतः): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
saṃvṛtaḥ (संवृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” saṃ- (“together”) + vṛtaḥ.
sthitaḥ (स्थितः): standing; From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.

तत्रापि पर्वताः सप्त विज्ञेया रत्नयोनयः वर्षाभिव्यञ्जकास् ते तु तथा सप्तैव निम्नगाः

tatrāpi parvatāḥ sapta vijñeyā ratnayonayaḥ varṣābhivyañjakās te tu tathā saptaiva nimnagāḥ

[2.4.25] seven knowing you but so ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ

Word make-up

tatrāpi (तत्रापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
parvatāḥ (पर्वताः): parvatāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
vijñeyā (विज्ञेया): knowing; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to jñeyā. From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known. Together the form means vi + that sense.
ratnayonayaḥ (रत्नयोनयः): ratnayonayaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣābhivyañjakās (वर्षाभिव्यञ्जकास्): The core matches the root añj, “to smear, to make clear.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
saptaiva (सप्तैव): saptaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nimnagāḥ (निम्नगाः): ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ; ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ.

कुमुदश् चोन्नतश् चैव तृतीयश् च बलाहकः द्रोणो यत्र महौषध्यः स चतुर्थो महीधरः

kumudaś connataś caiva tṛtīyaś ca balāhakaḥ droṇo yatra mahauṣadhyaḥ sa caturtho mahīdharaḥ

[2.4.26] and droṇo where he

Word make-up

kumudaś (कुमुदश्): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.”
connataś (चोन्नतश्): connataś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tṛtīyaś (तृतीयश्): tṛtīyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
balāhakaḥ (बलाहकः): balāhakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
droṇo (द्रोणो): The teacher of arms; Inflected from droṇa. droṇa: a bucket, a wooden vessel. Named for the vessel in which he was born. The teacher of arms.
yatra (यत्र): where; ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
mahauṣadhyaḥ (महौषध्यः): mahauṣadhyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
caturtho (चतुर्थो): caturtho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahīdharaḥ (महीधरः): mahīdharaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

कङ्कस् तु पञ्चमः षष्ठो महिषः सप्तमस् तथा ककुद्मान् पर्वतवरः सरिन्नामानि मे शृणु

kaṅkas tu pañcamaḥ ṣaṣṭho mahiṣaḥ saptamas tathā kakudmān parvatavaraḥ sarinnāmāni me śṛṇu

[2.4.27] but so my hearing

Word make-up

kaṅkas (कङ्कस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
pañcamaḥ (पञ्चमः): pañcamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ṣaṣṭho (षष्ठो): ṣaṣṭho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahiṣaḥ (महिषः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
saptamas (सप्तमस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
kakudmān (ककुद्मान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
parvatavaraḥ (पर्वतवरः): parvatavaraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarinnāmāni (सरिन्नामानि): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

योनी तोया वितृष्णा च चन्द्रा शुक्ला विमोचनी निवृत्तिः सप्तमी तासां स्मृतास् ताः पापशान्तिदाः

yonī toyā vitṛṣṇā ca candrā śuklā vimocanī nivṛttiḥ saptamī tāsāṃ smṛtās tāḥ pāpaśāntidāḥ

[2.4.28] vi- (“apart, asunder”) + tṛṣṇā and the moon

Word make-up

yonī (योनी): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”
toyā (तोया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
vitṛṣṇā (वितृष्णा): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + tṛṣṇā; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + tṛṣṇā.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
candrā (चन्द्रा): the moon; Inflected from candra. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
śuklā (शुक्ला): śuklā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vimocanī (विमोचनी): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + mocanī.
nivṛttiḥ (निवृत्तिः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” ni- (“down, in”) + vṛttiḥ.
saptamī (सप्तमी): saptamī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tāsāṃ (तासां): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
smṛtās (स्मृतास्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
tāḥ (ताः): tāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pāpaśāntidāḥ (पापशान्तिदाः): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”

श्वेतं च हरितं चैव जीमूतं रोहितं तथा वैद्युतं मानसं चैव सुप्रभं चातिशोभनम् सप्तैतानि तु वर्षाणि चातुर्वर्ण्ययुतानि वै

śvetaṃ ca haritaṃ caiva jīmūtaṃ rohitaṃ tathā vaidyutaṃ mānasaṃ caiva suprabhaṃ cātiśobhanam saptaitāni tu varṣāṇi cāturvarṇyayutāni vai

[2.4.29] and so su- (“well, good”) + prabhaṃ but indeed

Word make-up

śvetaṃ (श्वेतं): śvetaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
haritaṃ (हरितं): haritaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jīmūtaṃ (जीमूतं): jīmūtaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rohitaṃ (रोहितं): rohitaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
vaidyutaṃ (वैद्युतं): vaidyutaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mānasaṃ (मानसं): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
suprabhaṃ (सुप्रभं): su- (“well, good”) + prabhaṃ; su- (“well, good”) + prabhaṃ.
cātiśobhanam (चातिशोभनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”
saptaitāni (सप्तैतानि): saptaitāni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
varṣāṇi (वर्षाणि): varṣāṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāturvarṇyayutāni (चातुर्वर्ण्ययुतानि): cāturvarṇyayutāni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

शाल्मले ये तु वर्णाश् च वसन्त्य् एते महामुने कपिलाश् चारुणाः पीताः कृष्णाश् चैव पृथक् पृथक्

śālmale ye tu varṇāś ca vasanty ete mahāmune kapilāś cāruṇāḥ pītāḥ kṛṣṇāś caiva pṛthak pṛthak

[2.4.30] who but and these apart apart

Word make-up

śālmale (शाल्मले): śālmale is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
varṇāś (वर्णाश्): varṇāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vasanty (वसन्त्य्): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kapilāś (कपिलाश्): kapilāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāruṇāḥ (चारुणाः): cāruṇāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pītāḥ (पीताः): pītāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṛṣṇāś (कृष्णाश्): The core matches the root kṛṣ, “to drag, to plough.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pṛthak (पृथक्): apart; Indeclinable: “apart, separately.”
pṛthak (पृथक्): apart; Indeclinable: “apart, separately.”

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश् चैव यजन्ति तम् भगवन्तं समस्तस्य विष्णुम् आत्मानम् अव्ययम् वायुभूतं मखश्रेष्ठैर् यज्विनो यज्ञसंस्थितम्

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś caiva yajanti tam bhagavantaṃ samastasya viṣṇum ātmānam avyayam vāyubhūtaṃ makhaśreṣṭhair yajvino yajñasaṃsthitam

[2.4.31] a brāhmaṇa warrior-ruler a vaiśya him The pervading one the self not-going-apart

Word make-up

brāhmaṇāḥ (ब्राह्मणाः): a brāhmaṇa; Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
kṣatriyā (क्षत्रिया): warrior-ruler; Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.
vaiśyāḥ (वैश्याः): a vaiśya; Inflected from vaiśya. From viś, “settlement, the people.” One of the settler/producer class.
śūdrāś (शूद्राश्): śūdrāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yajanti (यजन्ति): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
tam (तम्): him; Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
bhagavantaṃ (भगवन्तं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
samastasya (समस्तस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.” sam- (“together”) + astasya.
viṣṇum (विष्णुम्): The pervading one; Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
ātmānam (आत्मानम्): the self; ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
avyayam (अव्ययम्): not-going-apart; a- (“not”) + vyaya (vi-i, “to go apart, to spend”). Not going-apart; unexpended.
vāyubhūtaṃ (वायुभूतं): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
makhaśreṣṭhair (मखश्रेष्ठैर्): makhaśreṣṭhair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yajvino (यज्विनो): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
yajñasaṃsthitam (यज्ञसंस्थितम्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”

देवानाम् अत्र सांनिध्यम् अतीव सुमनोरमे शाल्मलिश् च महावृक्षो नाम निर्वृतिकारकः

devānām atra sāṃnidhyam atīva sumanorame śālmaliś ca mahāvṛkṣo nāma nirvṛtikārakaḥ

[2.4.32] shining one here a- (“not”) + tīva and name

Word make-up

devānām (देवानाम्): shining one; From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
atra (अत्र): here; a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
sāṃnidhyam (सांनिध्यम्): sāṃnidhyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
atīva (अतीव): a- (“not”) + tīva; a- (“not”) + tīva.
sumanorame (सुमनोरमे): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” su- (“well, good”) + manorame.
śālmaliś (शाल्मलिश्): śālmaliś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mahāvṛkṣo (महावृक्षो): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”
nāma (नाम): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nirvṛtikārakaḥ (निर्वृतिकारकः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” nir- (“out, without”) + vṛtikārakaḥ.

एष द्वीपः समुद्रेण सुरोदेन समावृतः विस्ताराच् छाल्मलस्यैव समेन तु समन्ततः

eṣa dvīpaḥ samudreṇa surodena samāvṛtaḥ vistārāc chālmalasyaiva samena tu samantataḥ

[2.4.33] this one su- (“well, good”) + rodena vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārāc even but

Word make-up

eṣa (एष): this one; Masculine of etad: “this one.”
dvīpaḥ (द्वीपः): dvīpaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samudreṇa (समुद्रेण): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udreṇa.
surodena (सुरोदेन): su- (“well, good”) + rodena; su- (“well, good”) + rodena.
samāvṛtaḥ (समावृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” sam- (“together”) + āvṛtaḥ.
vistārāc (विस्ताराच्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārāc; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārāc.
chālmalasyaiva (छाल्मलस्यैव): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
samena (समेन): even; Inflected from sama. sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
samantataḥ (समन्ततः): The core matches the root man, “to think.” sam- (“together”) + antataḥ.

सुरोदकः परिवृतः कुशद्वीपेन सर्वतः शाल्मलस्य तु विस्ताराद् द्विगुणेन समन्ततः

surodakaḥ parivṛtaḥ kuśadvīpena sarvataḥ śālmalasya tu vistārād dviguṇena samantataḥ

[2.4.34] su- (“well, good”) + rodakaḥ all but vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād

Word make-up

surodakaḥ (सुरोदकः): su- (“well, good”) + rodakaḥ; su- (“well, good”) + rodakaḥ.
parivṛtaḥ (परिवृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” pari- (“around”) + vṛtaḥ.
kuśadvīpena (कुशद्वीपेन): kuśadvīpena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvataḥ (सर्वतः): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
śālmalasya (शाल्मलस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
vistārād (विस्ताराद्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād.
dviguṇena (द्विगुणेन): dviguṇena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samantataḥ (समन्ततः): The core matches the root man, “to think.” sam- (“together”) + antataḥ.

ज्योतिष्मतः कुशद्वीपे सप्त पुत्रान् शृणुष्व तान्

jyotiṣmataḥ kuśadvīpe sapta putrān śṛṇuṣva tān

[2.4.35] seven them

Word make-up

jyotiṣmataḥ (ज्योतिष्मतः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
kuśadvīpe (कुशद्वीपे): kuśadvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
putrān (पुत्रान्): putrān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śṛṇuṣva (शृणुष्व): śṛṇuṣva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tān (तान्): them; Accusative plural of tad: “them.”

उद्भिदो वेणुमांश् चैव स्वैरथो लम्बनो धृतिः प्रभाकरो ऽथ कपिलस् तन्नामा वर्षपद्धतिः

udbhido veṇumāṃś caiva svairatho lambano dhṛtiḥ prabhākaro 'tha kapilas tannāmā varṣapaddhatiḥ

[2.4.36] holding-fast pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhākaro The sage Kapila of Sāṅkhya

Word make-up

udbhido (उद्भिदो): The core matches the root bhid, “to split.” ud- (“up, out”) + bhido.
veṇumāṃś (वेणुमांश्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
svairatho (स्वैरथो): svairatho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
lambano (लम्बनो): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
dhṛtiḥ (धृतिः): holding-fast; From dhṛ, “to hold.” Holding-fast; firmness as a holding.
prabhākaro (प्रभाकरो): pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhākaro; pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhākaro.
'tha (ऽथ): 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kapilas (कपिलस्): The sage Kapila of Sāṅkhya; kapila: tawny. The sage Kapila of Sāṅkhya.
tannāmā (तन्नामा): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
varṣapaddhatiḥ (वर्षपद्धतिः): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”

तस्यां वसन्ति मनुजाः सह दैतेयदानवैः तथैव देवगन्धर्वयक्षकिंपुरुषादयः

tasyāṃ vasanti manujāḥ saha daiteyadānavaiḥ tathaiva devagandharvayakṣakiṃpuruṣādayaḥ

[2.4.37] with likewise

Word make-up

tasyāṃ (तस्यां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
vasanti (वसन्ति): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
manujāḥ (मनुजाः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
saha (सह): with; Indeclinable: “with, together.”
daiteyadānavaiḥ (दैतेयदानवैः): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
tathaiva (तथैव): likewise; tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
devagandharvayakṣakiṃpuruṣādayaḥ (देवगन्धर्वयक्षकिंपुरुषादयः): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”

वर्णास् तत्रापि चत्वारो निजानुष्ठानतत्पराः दमिनः शुष्मिणः स्नेहा मन्देहाश् च महामुने

varṇās tatrāpi catvāro nijānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ daminaḥ śuṣmiṇaḥ snehā mandehāś ca mahāmune

[2.4.38] four ni- (“down, in”) + jānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ and

Word make-up

varṇās (वर्णास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tatrāpi (तत्रापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
catvāro (चत्वारो): four; Inflected from catvāra. catur: four.
nijānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ (निजानुष्ठानतत्पराः): ni- (“down, in”) + jānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ; ni- (“down, in”) + jānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ.
daminaḥ (दमिनः): The core matches the root dam, “to tame.”
śuṣmiṇaḥ (शुष्मिणः): śuṣmiṇaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
snehā (स्नेहा): snehā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mandehāś (मन्देहाश्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश् चानुक्रमोदिताः

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś cānukramoditāḥ

[2.4.39] a brāhmaṇa warrior-ruler a vaiśya

Word make-up

brāhmaṇāḥ (ब्राह्मणाः): a brāhmaṇa; Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
kṣatriyā (क्षत्रिया): warrior-ruler; Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.
vaiśyāḥ (वैश्याः): a vaiśya; Inflected from vaiśya. From viś, “settlement, the people.” One of the settler/producer class.
śūdrāś (शूद्राश्): śūdrāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cānukramoditāḥ (चानुक्रमोदिताः): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”

यथोक्तकर्मकर्तृत्वात् स्वाधिकारक्षयाय ते तत्र ते तु कुशद्वीपे ब्रह्मरूपं जनार्दनम् यजन्तः क्षपयन्त्य् उग्रम् अधिकारफलप्रदम्

yathoktakarmakartṛtvāt svādhikārakṣayāya te tatra te tu kuśadvīpe brahmarūpaṃ janārdanam yajantaḥ kṣapayanty ugram adhikāraphalapradam

[2.4.40] you there you but janārdanam

Word make-up

yathoktakarmakartṛtvāt (यथोक्तकर्मकर्तृत्वात्): yathoktakarmakartṛtvāt is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
svādhikārakṣayāya (स्वाधिकारक्षयाय): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kuśadvīpe (कुशद्वीपे): kuśadvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brahmarūpaṃ (ब्रह्मरूपं): brahmarūpaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
janārdanam (जनार्दनम्): A name of Kṛṣṇa; Inflected from janārdana. jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
yajantaḥ (यजन्तः): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
kṣapayanty (क्षपयन्त्य्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
ugram (उग्रम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
adhikāraphalapradam (अधिकारफलप्रदम्): The core matches the root dam, “to tame.” adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāraphalapradam.

विद्रुमो हेमशैलश् च द्युतिमान् पुष्पवांस् तथा कुशेशयो हरिश् चैव सप्तमो मन्दराचलः

vidrumo hemaśailaś ca dyutimān puṣpavāṃs tathā kuśeśayo hariś caiva saptamo mandarācalaḥ

[2.4.41] and so

Word make-up

vidrumo (विद्रुमो): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + drumo.
hemaśailaś (हेमशैलश्): hemaśailaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dyutimān (द्युतिमान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
puṣpavāṃs (पुष्पवांस्): puṣpavāṃs is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
kuśeśayo (कुशेशयो): kuśeśayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hariś (हरिश्): hariś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptamo (सप्तमो): saptamo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mandarācalaḥ (मन्दराचलः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”

वर्षाचलास् तु सप्तैते तत्र द्वीपे महामुने नद्यश् च सप्त तासां तु शृणु नामान्य् अनुक्रमात्

varṣācalās tu saptaite tatra dvīpe mahāmune nadyaś ca sapta tāsāṃ tu śṛṇu nāmāny anukramāt

[2.4.42] but there and seven but hearing

Word make-up

varṣācalās (वर्षाचलास्): The core matches the root cal, “to stir.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
saptaite (सप्तैते): saptaite is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
dvīpe (द्वीपे): dvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nadyaś (नद्यश्): nadyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
tāsāṃ (तासां): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
nāmāny (नामान्य्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
anukramāt (अनुक्रमात्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.” anu- (“along, after”) + kramāt.

धूतपापा शिवा चैव पवित्रा संमतिस् तथा विद्युद् अम्भा मही चान्या सर्वपापहरास् त्व् इमाः

dhūtapāpā śivā caiva pavitrā saṃmatis tathā vidyud ambhā mahī cānyā sarvapāpaharās tv imāḥ

[2.4.43] saṃ- (“together”) + matis so a- (“not”) + mbhā these

Word make-up

dhūtapāpā (धूतपापा): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
śivā (शिवा): śivā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pavitrā (पवित्रा): pavitrā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃmatis (संमतिस्): saṃ- (“together”) + matis; saṃ- (“together”) + matis.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
vidyud (विद्युद्): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dyud.
ambhā (अम्भा): a- (“not”) + mbhā; a- (“not”) + mbhā.
mahī (मही): mahī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cānyā (चान्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
sarvapāpaharās (सर्वपापहरास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tv (त्व्): tv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
imāḥ (इमाः): these; Inflected from ima. Dual/plural of idam: “these.”

अन्याः सहस्रशस् तत्र क्षुद्रनद्यस् तथाचलाः कुशद्वीपे कुशस्तम्बः संज्ञया तस्य तत् स्मृतम्

anyāḥ sahasraśas tatra kṣudranadyas tathācalāḥ kuśadvīpe kuśastambaḥ saṃjñayā tasya tat smṛtam

[2.4.44] another there of that that

Word make-up

anyāḥ (अन्याः): another; Inflected from anya. Nominative singular of anya: “another.”
sahasraśas (सहस्रशस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
kṣudranadyas (क्षुद्रनद्यस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathācalāḥ (तथाचलाः): The core matches the root cal, “to stir.”
kuśadvīpe (कुशद्वीपे): kuśadvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kuśastambaḥ (कुशस्तम्बः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
saṃjñayā (संज्ञया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + jñayā.
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
smṛtam (स्मृतम्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”

तत्प्रमाणेन स द्वीपो घृतोदेन समावृतः घृतोदश् च समुद्रो वै क्रौञ्चद्वीपेन संवृतः

tatpramāṇena sa dvīpo ghṛtodena samāvṛtaḥ ghṛtodaś ca samudro vai krauñcadvīpena saṃvṛtaḥ

[2.4.45] he and indeed

Word make-up

tatpramāṇena (तत्प्रमाणेन): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
dvīpo (द्वीपो): dvīpo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ghṛtodena (घृतोदेन): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.”
samāvṛtaḥ (समावृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” sam- (“together”) + āvṛtaḥ.
ghṛtodaś (घृतोदश्): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
samudro (समुद्रो): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udro.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
krauñcadvīpena (क्रौञ्चद्वीपेन): krauñcadvīpena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃvṛtaḥ (संवृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” saṃ- (“together”) + vṛtaḥ.

क्रौञ्चद्वीपो महाभाग श्रूयतां चापरो महान् कुशद्वीपस्य विस्ताराद् द्विगुणो यस्य विस्तरः

krauñcadvīpo mahābhāga śrūyatāṃ cāparo mahān kuśadvīpasya vistārād dviguṇo yasya vistaraḥ

[2.4.46] great vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād whose vi- (“apart, asunder”) + staraḥ

Word make-up

krauñcadvīpo (क्रौञ्चद्वीपो): krauñcadvīpo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahābhāga (महाभाग): mahābhāga is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śrūyatāṃ (श्रूयतां): śrūyatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāparo (चापरो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
mahān (महान्): great; mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
kuśadvīpasya (कुशद्वीपस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vistārād (विस्ताराद्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād.
dviguṇo (द्विगुणो): dviguṇo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yasya (यस्य): whose; Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
vistaraḥ (विस्तरः): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + staraḥ; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + staraḥ.

क्रौञ्चद्वीपे द्युतिमतः पुत्राः सप्त महात्मनः तन्नामानि च वर्षाणि तेषां चक्रे महीपतिः

krauñcadvīpe dyutimataḥ putrāḥ sapta mahātmanaḥ tannāmāni ca varṣāṇi teṣāṃ cakre mahīpatiḥ

[2.4.47] seven and of them

Word make-up

krauñcadvīpe (क्रौञ्चद्वीपे): krauñcadvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dyutimataḥ (द्युतिमतः): dyutimataḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
putrāḥ (पुत्राः): putrāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
mahātmanaḥ (महात्मनः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
tannāmāni (तन्नामानि): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
varṣāṇi (वर्षाणि): varṣāṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
cakre (चक्रे): cakre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahīpatiḥ (महीपतिः): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”

कुशलो मनुगश् चोष्णः पीवरो ऽथान्धकारकः मुनिश् च दुन्दुभिश् चैव सप्तैते तत्सुता मुने

kuśalo manugaś coṣṇaḥ pīvaro 'thāndhakārakaḥ muniś ca dundubhiś caiva saptaite tatsutā mune

[2.4.48] and

Word make-up

kuśalo (कुशलो): kuśalo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
manugaś (मनुगश्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
coṣṇaḥ (चोष्णः): coṣṇaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pīvaro (पीवरो): pīvaro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'thāndhakārakaḥ (ऽथान्धकारकः): 'thāndhakārakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
muniś (मुनिश्): muniś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dundubhiś (दुन्दुभिश्): dundubhiś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptaite (सप्तैते): saptaite is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatsutā (तत्सुता): tatsutā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mune (मुने): mune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

तत्रापि देवगन्धर्वसेविताः सुमनोरमाः वर्षाचला महाबुद्धे तेषां नामानि मे शृणु

tatrāpi devagandharvasevitāḥ sumanoramāḥ varṣācalā mahābuddhe teṣāṃ nāmāni me śṛṇu

[2.4.49] of them name my hearing

Word make-up

tatrāpi (तत्रापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
devagandharvasevitāḥ (देवगन्धर्वसेविताः): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
sumanoramāḥ (सुमनोरमाः): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” su- (“well, good”) + manoramāḥ.
varṣācalā (वर्षाचला): The core matches the root cal, “to stir.”
mahābuddhe (महाबुद्धे): mahābuddhe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
nāmāni (नामानि): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

क्रौञ्चश् च वामनश् चैव तृतीयश् चान्धकारकः चतुर्थो रत्नशैलश् च स्वाहिनी हयसंनिभः

krauñcaś ca vāmanaś caiva tṛtīyaś cāndhakārakaḥ caturtho ratnaśailaś ca svāhinī hayasaṃnibhaḥ

[2.4.50] and and

Word make-up

krauñcaś (क्रौञ्चश्): krauñcaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vāmanaś (वामनश्): The core matches the root naś, “to perish.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tṛtīyaś (तृतीयश्): tṛtīyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāndhakārakaḥ (चान्धकारकः): cāndhakārakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caturtho (चतुर्थो): caturtho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ratnaśailaś (रत्नशैलश्): The core matches the root naś, “to perish.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
svāhinī (स्वाहिनी): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”
hayasaṃnibhaḥ (हयसंनिभः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

दिवावृत् पञ्चमश् चात्र तथान्यः पुण्डरीकवान् दुन्दुभिश् च महाशैलो द्विगुणास् ते परस्परम् द्वीपा द्वीपेषु ये शैला यथा द्वीपानि ते तथा

divāvṛt pañcamaś cātra tathānyaḥ puṇḍarīkavān dundubhiś ca mahāśailo dviguṇās te parasparam dvīpā dvīpeṣu ye śailā yathā dvīpāni te tathā

[2.4.51] and you who as you so

Word make-up

divāvṛt (दिवावृत्): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.”
pañcamaś (पञ्चमश्): pañcamaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cātra (चात्र): cātra is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathānyaḥ (तथान्यः): tathānyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
puṇḍarīkavān (पुण्डरीकवान्): puṇḍarīkavān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dundubhiś (दुन्दुभिश्): dundubhiś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mahāśailo (महाशैलो): mahāśailo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dviguṇās (द्विगुणास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
parasparam (परस्परम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
dvīpā (द्वीपा): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
dvīpeṣu (द्वीपेषु): dvīpeṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
śailā (शैला): śailā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
dvīpāni (द्वीपानि): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

वर्षेष्व् एतेषु रम्येषु वर्षशैलवरेषु च निवसन्ति निरातङ्काः सह देवगणैः प्रजाः

varṣeṣv eteṣu ramyeṣu varṣaśailavareṣu ca nivasanti nirātaṅkāḥ saha devagaṇaiḥ prajāḥ

[2.4.52] and nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkāḥ with born from

Word make-up

varṣeṣv (वर्षेष्व्): varṣeṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eteṣu (एतेषु): eteṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ramyeṣu (रम्येषु): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
varṣaśailavareṣu (वर्षशैलवरेषु): varṣaśailavareṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
nivasanti (निवसन्ति): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.” ni- (“down, in”) + vasanti.
nirātaṅkāḥ (निरातङ्काः): nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkāḥ; nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkāḥ.
saha (सह): with; Indeclinable: “with, together.”
devagaṇaiḥ (देवगणैः): devagaṇaiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prajāḥ (प्रजाः): born from; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to jāḥ. From jan, “to be born.” Born from; produced. Together the form means pra + that sense.

पुष्कराः पुष्कला धन्यास् तिष्याख्याश् च महामुने ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश् चानुक्रमोदिताः

puṣkarāḥ puṣkalā dhanyās tiṣyākhyāś ca mahāmune brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś cānukramoditāḥ

[2.4.53] and a brāhmaṇa warrior-ruler a vaiśya

Word make-up

puṣkarāḥ (पुष्कराः): puṣkarāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
puṣkalā (पुष्कला): puṣkalā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dhanyās (धन्यास्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
tiṣyākhyāś (तिष्याख्याश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brāhmaṇāḥ (ब्राह्मणाः): a brāhmaṇa; Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
kṣatriyā (क्षत्रिया): warrior-ruler; Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.
vaiśyāḥ (वैश्याः): a vaiśya; Inflected from vaiśya. From viś, “settlement, the people.” One of the settler/producer class.
śūdrāś (शूद्राश्): śūdrāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cānukramoditāḥ (चानुक्रमोदिताः): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”

ते तत्र नद्यो मैत्रेय याः पिबन्ति शृणुष्व ताः सप्त प्रधानाः शतशस् तत्रान्याः क्षुद्रनिम्नगाः

te tatra nadyo maitreya yāḥ pibanti śṛṇuṣva tāḥ sapta pradhānāḥ śataśas tatrānyāḥ kṣudranimnagāḥ

[2.4.54] you there seven

Word make-up

te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
nadyo (नद्यो): nadyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yāḥ (याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
pibanti (पिबन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
śṛṇuṣva (शृणुष्व): śṛṇuṣva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tāḥ (ताः): tāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
pradhānāḥ (प्रधानाः): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + dhānāḥ.
śataśas (शतशस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tatrānyāḥ (तत्रान्याः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
kṣudranimnagāḥ (क्षुद्रनिम्नगाः): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”

गौरी कुमुद्वती चैव संध्या रात्रिर् मनोजवा ख्यातिश् च पुण्डरीका च सप्तैता वर्षनिम्नगाः

gaurī kumudvatī caiva saṃdhyā rātrir manojavā khyātiś ca puṇḍarīkā ca saptaitā varṣanimnagāḥ

[2.4.55] and and

Word make-up

gaurī (गौरी): gaurī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kumudvatī (कुमुद्वती): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃdhyā (संध्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyā.
rātrir (रात्रिर्): rātrir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
manojavā (मनोजवा): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
khyātiś (ख्यातिश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
puṇḍarīkā (पुण्डरीका): puṇḍarīkā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
saptaitā (सप्तैता): saptaitā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣanimnagāḥ (वर्षनिम्नगाः): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”

अत्रापि वर्णैर् भगवान् पुष्कराद्यैर् जनार्दनः यागै रुद्रस्वरूपस्थ इज्यते यज्ञसंनिधौ

atrāpi varṇair bhagavān puṣkarādyair janārdanaḥ yāgai rudrasvarūpastha ijyate yajñasaṃnidhau

[2.4.56] the Lord janārdanaḥ

Word make-up

atrāpi (अत्रापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + trāpi.
varṇair (वर्णैर्): varṇair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
puṣkarādyair (पुष्कराद्यैर्): puṣkarādyair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
janārdanaḥ (जनार्दनः): A name of Kṛṣṇa; jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
yāgai (यागै): The core matches the root gai, “to sing.”
rudrasvarūpastha (रुद्रस्वरूपस्थ): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ijyate (इज्यते): ijyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yajñasaṃnidhau (यज्ञसंनिधौ): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”

क्रौञ्चद्वीपः समुद्रेण दधिमण्डोदकेन तु आवृतः सर्वतः क्रौञ्चद्वीपतुल्येन मानतः

krauñcadvīpaḥ samudreṇa dadhimaṇḍodakena tu āvṛtaḥ sarvataḥ krauñcadvīpatulyena mānataḥ

[2.4.57] but all

Word make-up

krauñcadvīpaḥ (क्रौञ्चद्वीपः): krauñcadvīpaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samudreṇa (समुद्रेण): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udreṇa.
dadhimaṇḍodakena (दधिमण्डोदकेन): dadhimaṇḍodakena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
āvṛtaḥ (आवृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + vṛtaḥ.
sarvataḥ (सर्वतः): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
krauñcadvīpatulyena (क्रौञ्चद्वीपतुल्येन): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
mānataḥ (मानतः): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”

दधिमण्डोदकश् चापि शाकद्वीपेन संवृतः क्रौञ्चद्वीपस्य विस्ताराद् द्विगुणेन महामुने

dadhimaṇḍodakaś cāpi śākadvīpena saṃvṛtaḥ krauñcadvīpasya vistārād dviguṇena mahāmune

[2.4.58] bow vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād

Word make-up

dadhimaṇḍodakaś (दधिमण्डोदकश्): dadhimaṇḍodakaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāpi (चापि): bow; Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
śākadvīpena (शाकद्वीपेन): śākadvīpena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃvṛtaḥ (संवृतः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” saṃ- (“together”) + vṛtaḥ.
krauñcadvīpasya (क्रौञ्चद्वीपस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vistārād (विस्ताराद्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād.
dviguṇena (द्विगुणेन): dviguṇena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

शाकद्वीपेश्वरस्यापि भव्यस्य सुमहात्मनः सप्तैव तनयास् तेषां ददौ वर्षाणि सप्त सः

śākadvīpeśvarasyāpi bhavyasya sumahātmanaḥ saptaiva tanayās teṣāṃ dadau varṣāṇi sapta saḥ

[2.4.59] of them seven he

Word make-up

śākadvīpeśvarasyāpi (शाकद्वीपेश्वरस्यापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
bhavyasya (भव्यस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
sumahātmanaḥ (सुमहात्मनः): The core matches the root man, “to think.” su- (“well, good”) + mahātmanaḥ.
saptaiva (सप्तैव): saptaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tanayās (तनयास्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
dadau (ददौ): dadau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣāṇi (वर्षाणि): varṣāṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
saḥ (सः): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

जलदश् च कुमारश् च सुकुमारो मणीचकः कुसुमोदः सुमोदाकिः सप्तमश् च महाद्रुमः

jaladaś ca kumāraś ca sukumāro maṇīcakaḥ kusumodaḥ sumodākiḥ saptamaś ca mahādrumaḥ

[2.4.60] and and and

Word make-up

jaladaś (जलदश्): jaladaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kumāraś (कुमारश्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sukumāro (सुकुमारो): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” su- (“well, good”) + kumāro.
maṇīcakaḥ (मणीचकः): maṇīcakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kusumodaḥ (कुसुमोदः): kusumodaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sumodākiḥ (सुमोदाकिः): The core matches the root dā, “to give.” su- (“well, good”) + modākiḥ.
saptamaś (सप्तमश्): saptamaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mahādrumaḥ (महाद्रुमः): mahādrumaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

तत्संज्ञान्य् एव तत्रापि सप्त वर्षाण्य् अनुक्रमात् तत्रापि पर्वताः सप्त वर्षविच्छेदकारिणः

tatsaṃjñāny eva tatrāpi sapta varṣāṇy anukramāt tatrāpi parvatāḥ sapta varṣavicchedakāriṇaḥ

[2.4.61] just seven seven

Word make-up

tatsaṃjñāny (तत्संज्ञान्य्): The core matches the root jñā, “to know.”
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
tatrāpi (तत्रापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
varṣāṇy (वर्षाण्य्): varṣāṇy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anukramāt (अनुक्रमात्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.” anu- (“along, after”) + kramāt.
tatrāpi (तत्रापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
parvatāḥ (पर्वताः): parvatāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
varṣavicchedakāriṇaḥ (वर्षविच्छेदकारिणः): varṣavicchedakāriṇaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

पूर्वस् तत्रोदयगिरिर् जलधारस् तथापरः तथा रैवतकः श्यामस् तथैवाम्भोगिरिर् द्विज आम्बिकेयस् तथा रम्यः केसरी पर्वतोत्तमः

pūrvas tatrodayagirir jaladhāras tathāparaḥ tathā raivatakaḥ śyāmas tathaivāmbhogirir dvija āmbikeyas tathā ramyaḥ kesarī parvatottamaḥ

[2.4.62] so twice-born so

Word make-up

pūrvas (पूर्वस्): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
tatrodayagirir (तत्रोदयगिरिर्): tatrodayagirir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jaladhāras (जलधारस्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
tathāparaḥ (तथापरः): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
raivatakaḥ (रैवतकः): raivatakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śyāmas (श्यामस्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tathaivāmbhogirir (तथैवाम्भोगिरिर्): tathaivāmbhogirir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
āmbikeyas (आम्बिकेयस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + mbikeyas.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
ramyaḥ (रम्यः): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
kesarī (केसरी): kesarī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
parvatottamaḥ (पर्वतोत्तमः): parvatottamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

निवसन्ति महात्मानो निरातङ्का निरामयाः

nivasanti mahātmāno nirātaṅkā nirāmayāḥ

[2.4.62.4] nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkā

Word make-up

nivasanti (निवसन्ति): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.” ni- (“down, in”) + vasanti.
mahātmāno (महात्मानो): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
nirātaṅkā (निरातङ्का): nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkā; nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkā.
nirāmayāḥ (निरामयाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” nir- (“out, without”) + āmayāḥ.

शाकस् तत्र महावृक्षः सिद्धगन्धर्वसेवितः यत्पत्रवातसंस्पर्शाद् आह्लादो जायते परः

śākas tatra mahāvṛkṣaḥ siddhagandharvasevitaḥ yatpatravātasaṃsparśād āhlādo jāyate paraḥ

[2.4.63] there ā- (“unto, fully”) + hlādo is born beyond

Word make-up

śākas (शाकस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
mahāvṛkṣaḥ (महावृक्षः): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”
siddhagandharvasevitaḥ (सिद्धगन्धर्वसेवितः): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
yatpatravātasaṃsparśād (यत्पत्रवातसंस्पर्शाद्): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
āhlādo (आह्लादो): ā- (“unto, fully”) + hlādo; ā- (“unto, fully”) + hlādo.
jāyate (जायते): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
paraḥ (परः): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”

तत्र पुण्या जनपदाश् चातुर्वर्ण्यसमन्विताः नद्यश् चात्र महापुण्याः सर्वपापभयापहाः

tatra puṇyā janapadāś cāturvarṇyasamanvitāḥ nadyaś cātra mahāpuṇyāḥ sarvapāpabhayāpahāḥ

[2.4.64] there merit

Word make-up

tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
puṇyā (पुण्या): merit; Inflected from puṇya. puṇya: auspicious, meritorious (from puṇ/pūṣ related “to thrive”). Merit as what thrives.
janapadāś (जनपदाश्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
cāturvarṇyasamanvitāḥ (चातुर्वर्ण्यसमन्विताः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
nadyaś (नद्यश्): nadyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cātra (चात्र): cātra is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahāpuṇyāḥ (महापुण्याः): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
sarvapāpabhayāpahāḥ (सर्वपापभयापहाः): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”

सुकुमारी कुमारी च नलिनी वेणुका च या इक्षुश् च धेनुका चैव गभस्ती सप्तमी तथा

sukumārī kumārī ca nalinī veṇukā ca yā ikṣuś ca dhenukā caiva gabhastī saptamī tathā

[2.4.65] and and and so

Word make-up

sukumārī (सुकुमारी): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” su- (“well, good”) + kumārī.
kumārī (कुमारी): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
nalinī (नलिनी): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”
veṇukā (वेणुका): veṇukā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yā (या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ikṣuś (इक्षुश्): ikṣuś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dhenukā (धेनुका): dhenukā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
gabhastī (गभस्ती): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
saptamī (सप्तमी): saptamī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

अन्यास् त्व् अयुतशस् तत्र क्षुद्रनद्यो महामुने महीधरास् तथा सन्ति शतशो ऽथ सहस्रशः

anyās tv ayutaśas tatra kṣudranadyo mahāmune mahīdharās tathā santi śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ

[2.4.66] there so they are

Word make-up

anyās (अन्यास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” a- (“not”) + nyās.
tv (त्व्): tv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ayutaśas (अयुतशस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + yutaśas.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
kṣudranadyo (क्षुद्रनद्यो): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahīdharās (महीधरास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
santi (सन्ति): they are; Present of as: “they are.”
śataśo (शतशो): śataśo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'tha (ऽथ): 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sahasraśaḥ (सहस्रशः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

ताः पिबन्ति मुदा युक्ता जलदादिषु ये स्थिताः वर्षेषु ते जनपदाः स्वर्गाद् अभ्येत्य मेदिनीम्

tāḥ pibanti mudā yuktā jaladādiṣu ye sthitāḥ varṣeṣu te janapadāḥ svargād abhyetya medinīm

[2.4.67] yoked who standing you a- (“not”) + bhyetya

Word make-up

tāḥ (ताः): tāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pibanti (पिबन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
mudā (मुदा): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.”
yuktā (युक्ता): yoked; From yuj, “to yoke, to join.” Is yoked; yoked; having yoked.
jaladādiṣu (जलदादिषु): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
sthitāḥ (स्थिताः): standing; Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
varṣeṣu (वर्षेषु): varṣeṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
janapadāḥ (जनपदाः): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
svargād (स्वर्गाद्): svargād is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhyetya (अभ्येत्य): a- (“not”) + bhyetya; a- (“not”) + bhyetya.
medinīm (मेदिनीम्): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”

धर्महानिर् न तेष्व् अस्ति न संघर्षः परस्परम् मर्यादाव्युत्क्रमो वापि तेषु देशेषु सप्तसु

dharmahānir na teṣv asti na saṃgharṣaḥ parasparam maryādāvyutkramo vāpi teṣu deśeṣu saptasu

[2.4.68] not there is not saṃ- (“together”) + gharṣaḥ or even in them

Word make-up

dharmahānir (धर्महानिर्): dharmahānir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
teṣv (तेष्व्): teṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
asti (अस्ति): there is; Present of as: “there is, he/she/it is.”
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
saṃgharṣaḥ (संघर्षः): saṃ- (“together”) + gharṣaḥ; saṃ- (“together”) + gharṣaḥ.
parasparam (परस्परम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
maryādāvyutkramo (मर्यादाव्युत्क्रमो): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
vāpi (वापि): or even; vā “or” + api “even.”
teṣu (तेषु): in them; Locative plural of tad: “in them.”
deśeṣu (देशेषु): deśeṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptasu (सप्तसु): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

मगाश् च मागधाश् चैव मानसा मन्दगास् तथा मगा ब्राह्मणभूयिष्ठा मागधाः क्षत्रियास् तु ते वैश्यास् तु मानसास् तेषां शूद्रास् तेषां तु मन्दगाः

magāś ca māgadhāś caiva mānasā mandagās tathā magā brāhmaṇabhūyiṣṭhā māgadhāḥ kṣatriyās tu te vaiśyās tu mānasās teṣāṃ śūdrās teṣāṃ tu mandagāḥ

[2.4.69] and so but you but of them of them but

Word make-up

magāś (मगाश्): magāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
māgadhāś (मागधाश्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mānasā (मानसा): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
mandagās (मन्दगास्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
magā (मगा): magā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brāhmaṇabhūyiṣṭhā (ब्राह्मणभूयिष्ठा): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
māgadhāḥ (मागधाः): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
kṣatriyās (क्षत्रियास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
vaiśyās (वैश्यास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
mānasās (मानसास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
śūdrās (शूद्रास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
mandagāḥ (मन्दगाः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”

शाकद्वीपे तु तैर् विष्णुः सूर्यरूपधरो मुने यथोक्तैर् इज्यते सम्यक् कर्मभिर् नियतात्मभिः

śākadvīpe tu tair viṣṇuḥ sūryarūpadharo mune yathoktair ijyate samyak karmabhir niyatātmabhiḥ

[2.4.70] but The pervading one rightly restrained

Word make-up

śākadvīpe (शाकद्वीपे): śākadvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tair (तैर्): tair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viṣṇuḥ (विष्णुः): The pervading one; From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
sūryarūpadharo (सूर्यरूपधरो): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
mune (मुने): mune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yathoktair (यथोक्तैर्): yathoktair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ijyate (इज्यते): ijyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samyak (सम्यक्): rightly; sam- + añc: “together-going, rightly, fully.”
karmabhir (कर्मभिर्): karmabhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
niyatātmabhiḥ (नियतात्मभिः): restrained; ni-yam, “to restrain down.” Restrained. niyata-ātman: those of restrained self.

शाकद्वीपस् तु मैत्रेय क्षीरोदेन समन्ततः शाकद्वीपप्रमाणेन वलयेनेव वेष्टितः

śākadvīpas tu maitreya kṣīrodena samantataḥ śākadvīpapramāṇena valayeneva veṣṭitaḥ

[2.4.71] but

Word make-up

śākadvīpas (शाकद्वीपस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṣīrodena (क्षीरोदेन): kṣīrodena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samantataḥ (समन्ततः): The core matches the root man, “to think.” sam- (“together”) + antataḥ.
śākadvīpapramāṇena (शाकद्वीपप्रमाणेन): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
valayeneva (वलयेनेव): valayeneva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
veṣṭitaḥ (वेष्टितः): veṣṭitaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

क्षीराब्धिः सर्वतो ब्रह्मन् पुष्कराख्येन वेष्टितः द्वीपेन शाकद्वीपात् तु द्विगुणेन समन्ततः

kṣīrābdhiḥ sarvato brahman puṣkarākhyena veṣṭitaḥ dvīpena śākadvīpāt tu dviguṇena samantataḥ

[2.4.72] all that-which-is-vast (brahman) but

Word make-up

kṣīrābdhiḥ (क्षीराब्धिः): kṣīrābdhiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvato (सर्वतो): all; Inflected from sarvata. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
brahman (ब्रह्मन्): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
puṣkarākhyena (पुष्कराख्येन): puṣkarākhyena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
veṣṭitaḥ (वेष्टितः): veṣṭitaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvīpena (द्वीपेन): dvīpena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śākadvīpāt (शाकद्वीपात्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
dviguṇena (द्विगुणेन): dviguṇena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samantataḥ (समन्ततः): The core matches the root man, “to think.” sam- (“together”) + antataḥ.

पुष्करेणावृतो ब्रह्मन् क्षीरोदुसापि सर्वतः

puṣkareṇāvṛto brahman kṣīrodusāpi sarvataḥ

[2.4.72.5] that-which-is-vast (brahman) all

Word make-up

puṣkareṇāvṛto (पुष्करेणावृतो): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.”
brahman (ब्रह्मन्): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
kṣīrodusāpi (क्षीरोदुसापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
sarvataḥ (सर्वतः): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.

पुष्करे सवनस्यापि महावीरो ऽभवत् सुतः धातकिश् च तयोस् तत्र द्वे वर्षे नामचिह्निते महावीरं तथैवान्यद् धातकीखण्डसंज्ञितम्

puṣkare savanasyāpi mahāvīro 'bhavat sutaḥ dhātakiś ca tayos tatra dve varṣe nāmacihnite mahāvīraṃ tathaivānyad dhātakīkhaṇḍasaṃjñitam

[2.4.73] su- (“well, good”) + taḥ and there two

Word make-up

puṣkare (पुष्करे): puṣkare is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
savanasyāpi (सवनस्यापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
mahāvīro (महावीरो): mahāvīro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'bhavat (ऽभवत्): 'bhavat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sutaḥ (सुतः): su- (“well, good”) + taḥ; su- (“well, good”) + taḥ.
dhātakiś (धातकिश्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tayos (तयोस्): tayos is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
dve (द्वे): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
varṣe (वर्षे): varṣe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nāmacihnite (नामचिह्निते): nāmacihnite is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahāvīraṃ (महावीरं): mahāvīraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathaivānyad (तथैवान्यद्): tathaivānyad is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dhātakīkhaṇḍasaṃjñitam (धातकीखण्डसंज्ञितम्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”

एकश् चात्र महाभाग प्रख्यातो वर्षपर्वतः मानसोत्तरसंज्ञो वै मध्यतो वलयाकृतिः

ekaś cātra mahābhāga prakhyāto varṣaparvataḥ mānasottarasaṃjño vai madhyato valayākṛtiḥ

[2.4.74] indeed

Word make-up

ekaś (एकश्): ekaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cātra (चात्र): cātra is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahābhāga (महाभाग): mahābhāga is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prakhyāto (प्रख्यातो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + khyāto.
varṣaparvataḥ (वर्षपर्वतः): varṣaparvataḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mānasottarasaṃjño (मानसोत्तरसंज्ञो): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
madhyato (मध्यतो): madhyato is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
valayākṛtiḥ (वलयाकृतिः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”

योजनानां सहस्राणि ऊर्ध्वं पञ्चाशद् उच्छ्रितः तावद् एव च विस्तीर्णः सर्वतः परिमण्डलः

yojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi ūrdhvaṃ pañcāśad ucchritaḥ tāvad eva ca vistīrṇaḥ sarvataḥ parimaṇḍalaḥ

[2.4.75] upward just and vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stīrṇaḥ all pari- (“around”) + maṇḍalaḥ

Word make-up

yojanānāṃ (योजनानां): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
sahasrāṇi (सहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ūrdhvaṃ (ऊर्ध्वं): upward; ūrdhva: “upward.”
pañcāśad (पञ्चाशद्): pañcāśad is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ucchritaḥ (उच्छ्रितः): ucchritaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tāvad (तावद्): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vistīrṇaḥ (विस्तीर्णः): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stīrṇaḥ; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stīrṇaḥ.
sarvataḥ (सर्वतः): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
parimaṇḍalaḥ (परिमण्डलः): pari- (“around”) + maṇḍalaḥ; pari- (“around”) + maṇḍalaḥ.

पुष्करद्वीपवलयं मध्येन विभजन्न् इव स्थितो ऽसौ तेन विच्छिन्नं जातं वर्षद्वयं मुने

puṣkaradvīpavalayaṃ madhyena vibhajann iva sthito 'sau tena vicchinnaṃ jātaṃ varṣadvayaṃ mune

[2.4.76] middle like standing by that vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchinnaṃ is born

Word make-up

puṣkaradvīpavalayaṃ (पुष्करद्वीपवलयं): puṣkaradvīpavalayaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
madhyena (मध्येन): middle; Inflected from madhya. madhya: middle.
vibhajann (विभजन्न्): The core matches the root bhaj, “to share, to resort to.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhajann.
iva (इव): like; Particle of comparison: “like, as if.”
sthito (स्थितो): standing; Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
'sau (ऽसौ): 'sau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
vicchinnaṃ (विच्छिन्नं): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchinnaṃ; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchinnaṃ.
jātaṃ (जातं): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
varṣadvayaṃ (वर्षद्वयं): varṣadvayaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mune (मुने): mune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

वलयाकारम् एकैकं तयोर् वर्षं तथा गिरिः

valayākāram ekaikaṃ tayor varṣaṃ tathā giriḥ

[2.4.77] so speech

Word make-up

valayākāram (वलयाकारम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
ekaikaṃ (एकैकं): ekaikaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tayor (तयोर्): tayor is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣaṃ (वर्षं): varṣaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
giriḥ (गिरिः): speech; Inflected from gira. From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.

दश वर्षसहस्राणि तत्र जीवन्ति मानवाः निरामया विशोकाश् च रागद्वेषविवर्जिताः

daśa varṣasahasrāṇi tatra jīvanti mānavāḥ nirāmayā viśokāś ca rāgadveṣavivarjitāḥ

[2.4.78] ten there and

Word make-up

daśa (दश): ten; daśan: ten.
varṣasahasrāṇi (वर्षसहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
jīvanti (जीवन्ति): The core matches the root jīv, “to live.”
mānavāḥ (मानवाः): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
nirāmayā (निरामया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” nir- (“out, without”) + āmayā.
viśokāś (विशोकाश्): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śokāś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
rāgadveṣavivarjitāḥ (रागद्वेषविवर्जिताः): The core matches the root ji, “to conquer.”

अधमोत्तमौ न तेष्व् आस्तां न वध्यवधकौ द्विज नेर्ष्यासूया भयं रोषो दोषो लोभादिको न च

adhamottamau na teṣv āstāṃ na vadhyavadhakau dvija nerṣyāsūyā bhayaṃ roṣo doṣo lobhādiko na ca

[2.4.79] a- (“not”) + dhamottamau not not twice-born fear fault not and

Word make-up

adhamottamau (अधमोत्तमौ): a- (“not”) + dhamottamau; a- (“not”) + dhamottamau.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
teṣv (तेष्व्): teṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āstāṃ (आस्तां): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + stāṃ.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
vadhyavadhakau (वध्यवधकौ): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
nerṣyāsūyā (नेर्ष्यासूया): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
bhayaṃ (भयं): fear; From bhī, “to fear.” Fear.
roṣo (रोषो): roṣo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
doṣo (दोषो): fault; Inflected from doṣa. From duṣ, “to spoil.” A fault; a spoiling.
lobhādiko (लोभादिको): lobhādiko is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”

महावीरं बहिर् वर्षं धातकीखण्डम् अन्ततः मानसोत्तरशैलस्य देवदैत्यादिसेवितम्

mahāvīraṃ bahir varṣaṃ dhātakīkhaṇḍam antataḥ mānasottaraśailasya devadaityādisevitam

[2.4.80] not then

Word make-up

mahāvīraṃ (महावीरं): mahāvīraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bahir (बहिर्): bahir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣaṃ (वर्षं): varṣaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dhātakīkhaṇḍam (धातकीखण्डम्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
antataḥ (अन्ततः): not then; an- (“not,” before vowels) joined to tataḥ. From tad + tas: “from that, then.” Together the form means an + that sense.
mānasottaraśailasya (मानसोत्तरशैलस्य): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
devadaityādisevitam (देवदैत्यादिसेवितम्): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”

सत्यानृते न तत्रास्तां द्वीपे पुष्करसंज्ञिते न तत्र नद्यः शैला वा द्वीपे वर्षद्वयान्विते

satyānṛte na tatrāstāṃ dvīpe puṣkarasaṃjñite na tatra nadyaḥ śailā vā dvīpe varṣadvayānvite

[2.4.81] not not there or

Word make-up

satyānṛte (सत्यानृते): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
tatrāstāṃ (तत्रास्तां): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
dvīpe (द्वीपे): dvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
puṣkarasaṃjñite (पुष्करसंज्ञिते): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
nadyaḥ (नद्यः): nadyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śailā (शैला): śailā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”
dvīpe (द्वीपे): dvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
varṣadvayānvite (वर्षद्वयान्विते): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”

तुल्यवेषास् तु मनुजा देवैस् तत्रैकरूपिणः

tulyaveṣās tu manujā devais tatraikarūpiṇaḥ

[2.4.82] but

Word make-up

tulyaveṣās (तुल्यवेषास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
manujā (मनुजा): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
devais (देवैस्): devais is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatraikarūpiṇaḥ (तत्रैकरूपिणः): tatraikarūpiṇaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

वर्णाश्रमाचारहीनं धर्माचरणवर्जितम् त्रयीवार्तादण्डनीतिशुश्रूषारहितं च यत्

varṇāśramācārahīnaṃ dharmācaraṇavarjitam trayīvārtādaṇḍanītiśuśrūṣārahitaṃ ca yat

[2.4.83] and which

Word make-up

varṇāśramācārahīnaṃ (वर्णाश्रमाचारहीनं): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
dharmācaraṇavarjitam (धर्माचरणवर्जितम्): The core matches the root car, “to move.”
trayīvārtādaṇḍanītiśuśrūṣārahitaṃ (त्रयीवार्तादण्डनीतिशुश्रूषारहितं): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.

वर्षद्वयं तु मैत्रेय भौमः स्वर्गो ऽयम् उत्तमः सर्वस्य सुखदः कालो जरारोगादिवर्जितः पुष्करे धातकीषण्डे महावीरे च वै मुने

varṣadvayaṃ tu maitreya bhaumaḥ svargo 'yam uttamaḥ sarvasya sukhadaḥ kālo jarārogādivarjitaḥ puṣkare dhātakīṣaṇḍe mahāvīre ca vai mune

[2.4.84] but upmost all su- (“well, good”) + khadaḥ time and indeed

Word make-up

varṣadvayaṃ (वर्षद्वयं): varṣadvayaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhaumaḥ (भौमः): bhaumaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
svargo (स्वर्गो): svargo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'yam (ऽयम्): 'yam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
uttamaḥ (उत्तमः): upmost; ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.
sarvasya (सर्वस्य): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sukhadaḥ (सुखदः): su- (“well, good”) + khadaḥ; su- (“well, good”) + khadaḥ.
kālo (कालो): time; Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
jarārogādivarjitaḥ (जरारोगादिवर्जितः): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
puṣkare (पुष्करे): puṣkare is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dhātakīṣaṇḍe (धातकीषण्डे): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
mahāvīre (महावीरे): mahāvīre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
mune (मुने): mune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

न्यग्रोधः पुष्करद्वीपे ब्रह्मणः स्थानम् उत्तमम् तस्मिन् निवसति ब्रह्मा पूज्यमानः सुरासुरैः

nyagrodhaḥ puṣkaradvīpe brahmaṇaḥ sthānam uttamam tasmin nivasati brahmā pūjyamānaḥ surāsuraiḥ

[2.4.85] that-which-is-vast (brahman) standing upmost in that dwells Not the neuter brahma

Word make-up

nyagrodhaḥ (न्यग्रोधः): nyagrodhaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
puṣkaradvīpe (पुष्करद्वीपे): puṣkaradvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brahmaṇaḥ (ब्रह्मणः): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
sthānam (स्थानम्): standing; From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
uttamam (उत्तमम्): upmost; ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.
tasmin (तस्मिन्): in that; Locative of tad: “in that.”
nivasati (निवसति): dwells; ni- (“down, in”) joined to vasati. From vas, “to dwell.” Dwells. Together the form means ni + that sense.
brahmā (ब्रह्मा): Not the neuter brahma; Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
pūjyamānaḥ (पूज्यमानः): The core matches the root pūj, “to honour.”
surāsuraiḥ (सुरासुरैः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” su- (“well, good”) + rāsuraiḥ.

स्वादूदकेनोदधिना पुष्करः परिवेष्टितः समेन पुष्करस्यैव विस्तारान् मण्डलात् तथा

svādūdakenodadhinā puṣkaraḥ pariveṣṭitaḥ samena puṣkarasyaiva vistārān maṇḍalāt tathā

[2.4.86] pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitaḥ even vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārān so

Word make-up

svādūdakenodadhinā (स्वादूदकेनोदधिना): svādūdakenodadhinā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
puṣkaraḥ (पुष्करः): puṣkaraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pariveṣṭitaḥ (परिवेष्टितः): pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitaḥ; pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitaḥ.
samena (समेन): even; Inflected from sama. sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
puṣkarasyaiva (पुष्करस्यैव): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vistārān (विस्तारान्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārān; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārān.
maṇḍalāt (मण्डलात्): maṇḍalāt is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

एवं द्वीपाः समुद्रैस् तु सप्त सप्तभिर् आवृताः द्वीपश् चैव समुद्रश् च समानौ द्विगुणौ परौ

evaṃ dvīpāḥ samudrais tu sapta saptabhir āvṛtāḥ dvīpaś caiva samudraś ca samānau dviguṇau parau

[2.4.87] just but seven and beyond

Word make-up

evaṃ (एवं): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
dvīpāḥ (द्वीपाः): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
samudrais (समुद्रैस्): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udrais.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
saptabhir (सप्तभिर्): saptabhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āvṛtāḥ (आवृताः): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + vṛtāḥ.
dvīpaś (द्वीपश्): dvīpaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samudraś (समुद्रश्): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udraś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
samānau (समानौ): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” sam- (“together”) + ānau.
dviguṇau (द्विगुणौ): dviguṇau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
parau (परौ): beyond; Inflected from para. para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”

पयांसि सर्वदा सर्वसमुद्रेषु समानि वै न्यूनातिरिक्तता तेषां कदाचिन् नैव जायते

payāṃsi sarvadā sarvasamudreṣu samāni vai nyūnātiriktatā teṣāṃ kadācin naiva jāyate

[2.4.88] indeed of them not at all is born

Word make-up

payāṃsi (पयांसि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
sarvadā (सर्वदा): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
sarvasamudreṣu (सर्वसमुद्रेषु): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
samāni (समानि): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” sam- (“together”) + āni.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
nyūnātiriktatā (न्यूनातिरिक्तता): nyūnātiriktatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
kadācin (कदाचिन्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
naiva (नैव): not at all; na “not” + eva “just.”
jāyate (जायते): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

स्थालीस्थम् अग्निसंयोगाद् उद्रेकि सलिलं यथा तथेन्दुवृद्धौ सलिलम् अम्भोधौ मुनिसत्तम

sthālīstham agnisaṃyogād udreki salilaṃ yathā tathenduvṛddhau salilam ambhodhau munisattama

[2.4.89] a- (“not”) + gnisaṃyogād ud- (“up, out”) + reki as a- (“not”) + mbhodhau

Word make-up

sthālīstham (स्थालीस्थम्): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.”
agnisaṃyogād (अग्निसंयोगाद्): a- (“not”) + gnisaṃyogād; a- (“not”) + gnisaṃyogād.
udreki (उद्रेकि): ud- (“up, out”) + reki; ud- (“up, out”) + reki.
salilaṃ (सलिलं): salilaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
tathenduvṛddhau (तथेन्दुवृद्धौ): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”
salilam (सलिलम्): salilam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ambhodhau (अम्भोधौ): a- (“not”) + mbhodhau; a- (“not”) + mbhodhau.
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

अन्यूनानतिरिक्ताश् च वर्धन्त्य् आपो ह्रसन्ति च उदयास्तमयेष्व् इन्दोः पक्षयोः शुक्लकृष्णयोः

anyūnānatiriktāś ca vardhanty āpo hrasanti ca udayāstamayeṣv indoḥ pakṣayoḥ śuklakṛṣṇayoḥ

[2.4.90] and and

Word make-up

anyūnānatiriktāś (अन्यूनानतिरिक्ताश्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + nyūnānatiriktāś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vardhanty (वर्धन्त्य्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
āpo (आपो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
hrasanti (ह्रसन्ति): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
udayāstamayeṣv (उदयास्तमयेष्व्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” ud- (“up, out”) + ayāstamayeṣv.
indoḥ (इन्दोः): indoḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pakṣayoḥ (पक्षयोः): pakṣayoḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śuklakṛṣṇayoḥ (शुक्लकृष्णयोः): The core matches the root kṛṣ, “to drag, to plough.”

दशोत्तराणि पञ्चैव अङ्गुलानां शतानि वै अपां वृद्धिक्षयौ दृष्टौ सामुद्रीणां महामुने

daśottarāṇi pañcaiva aṅgulānāṃ śatāni vai apāṃ vṛddhikṣayau dṛṣṭau sāmudrīṇāṃ mahāmune

[2.4.91] a- (“not”) + ṅgulānāṃ indeed seen

Word make-up

daśottarāṇi (दशोत्तराणि): daśottarāṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pañcaiva (पञ्चैव): pañcaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aṅgulānāṃ (अङ्गुलानां): a- (“not”) + ṅgulānāṃ; a- (“not”) + ṅgulānāṃ.
śatāni (शतानि): śatāni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
apāṃ (अपां): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” a- (“not”) + pāṃ.
vṛddhikṣayau (वृद्धिक्षयौ): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”
dṛṣṭau (दृष्टौ): seen; Inflected from dṛṣṭa. Past participle of dṛś, “to see.” Seen.
sāmudrīṇāṃ (सामुद्रीणां): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

भोजनं पुष्करद्वीपे तत्र स्वयम् उपस्थितम् षड्रसं भुञ्जते विप्र प्रजाः सर्वाः सदैव हि

bhojanaṃ puṣkaradvīpe tatra svayam upasthitam ṣaḍrasaṃ bhuñjate vipra prajāḥ sarvāḥ sadaiva hi

[2.4.92] there oneself standing vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra born from all for

Word make-up

bhojanaṃ (भोजनं): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
puṣkaradvīpe (पुष्करद्वीपे): puṣkaradvīpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
svayam (स्वयम्): oneself; sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
upasthitam (उपस्थितम्): standing; upa- (“near, toward”) joined to sthitam. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands. Together the form means upa + that sense.
ṣaḍrasaṃ (षड्रसं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
bhuñjate (भुञ्जते): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
vipra (विप्र): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
prajāḥ (प्रजाः): born from; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to jāḥ. From jan, “to be born.” Born from; produced. Together the form means pra + that sense.
sarvāḥ (सर्वाः): all; Inflected from sarva. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sadaiva (सदैव): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.

स्वादूदकस्य पुरतो दृश्यते ऽलोकसंस्थितिः द्विगुणा काञ्चनी भूमिः सर्वजन्तुविवर्जिता

svādūdakasya purato dṛśyate 'lokasaṃsthitiḥ dviguṇā kāñcanī bhūmiḥ sarvajantuvivarjitā

[2.4.93] is seen

Word make-up

svādūdakasya (स्वादूदकस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
purato (पुरतो): purato is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dṛśyate (दृश्यते): is seen; Passive of dṛś: it is seen.
'lokasaṃsthitiḥ (ऽलोकसंस्थितिः): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
dviguṇā (द्विगुणा): dviguṇā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāñcanī (काञ्चनी): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”
bhūmiḥ (भूमिः): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
sarvajantuvivarjitā (सर्वजन्तुविवर्जिता): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”

लोकालोकस् ततः शैलो योजनायुतविस्तृतः उच्छ्रायेणापि तावन्ति सहस्राण्य् अचलो हि सः

lokālokas tataḥ śailo yojanāyutavistṛtaḥ ucchrāyeṇāpi tāvanti sahasrāṇy acalo hi saḥ

[2.4.94] then for he

Word make-up

lokālokas (लोकालोकस्): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
śailo (शैलो): śailo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yojanāyutavistṛtaḥ (योजनायुतविस्तृतः): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
ucchrāyeṇāpi (उच्छ्रायेणापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
tāvanti (तावन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
sahasrāṇy (सहस्राण्य्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
acalo (अचलो): The core matches the root cal, “to stir.” a- (“not”) + calo.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
saḥ (सः): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

ततस् तमः समावृत्य तं शैलं सर्वतः स्थितम् तमश् चाण्डकटाहेन समन्तात् परिवेष्टितम्

tatas tamaḥ samāvṛtya taṃ śailaṃ sarvataḥ sthitam tamaś cāṇḍakaṭāhena samantāt pariveṣṭitam

[2.4.95] then darkness him all standing pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitam

Word make-up

tatas (ततस्): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tamaḥ (तमः): darkness; From tam, “to faint, to be dark.” Darkness; the strand of dullness and covering.
samāvṛtya (समावृत्य): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” sam- (“together”) + āvṛtya.
taṃ (तं): him; Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
śailaṃ (शैलं): śailaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvataḥ (सर्वतः): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sthitam (स्थितम्): standing; Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
tamaś (तमश्): tamaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāṇḍakaṭāhena (चाण्डकटाहेन): cāṇḍakaṭāhena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samantāt (समन्तात्): The core matches the root man, “to think.” sam- (“together”) + antāt.
pariveṣṭitam (परिवेष्टितम्): pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitam; pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitam.

क्वचित् क्वचित् पुराणेषु विरोधो यदि लक्ष्यते

kvacit kvacit purāṇeṣu virodho yadi lakṣyate

[2.4.95.6:1] ancient vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rodho if

Word make-up

kvacit (क्वचित्): The core matches the root vac, “to speak.”
kvacit (क्वचित्): The core matches the root vac, “to speak.”
purāṇeṣu (पुराणेषु): ancient; Inflected from purāṇa. purā “formerly” + ana: ancient, of old.
virodho (विरोधो): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rodho; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rodho.
yadi (यदि): if; ya- + di: “if.”
lakṣyate (लक्ष्यते): lakṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

कल्पभेदादिभिस् तत्र व्यवस्था सद्भिर् इष्यते

kalpabhedādibhis tatra vyavasthā sadbhir iṣyate

[2.4.95.6:2] there

Word make-up

kalpabhedādibhis (कल्पभेदादिभिस्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
vyavasthā (व्यवस्था): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.”
sadbhir (सद्भिर्): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
iṣyate (इष्यते): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”

पञ्चाशत्कोटिविस्तारा सेयम् उर्वी महामुने सहैवाण्डकटाहेन सद्वीपाब्धिमहीधरा

pañcāśatkoṭivistārā seyam urvī mahāmune sahaivāṇḍakaṭāhena sadvīpābdhimahīdharā

[2.4.96]

Word make-up

pañcāśatkoṭivistārā (पञ्चाशत्कोटिविस्तारा): pañcāśatkoṭivistārā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
seyam (सेयम्): seyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
urvī (उर्वी): urvī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sahaivāṇḍakaṭāhena (सहैवाण्डकटाहेन): sahaivāṇḍakaṭāhena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sadvīpābdhimahīdharā (सद्वीपाब्धिमहीधरा): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”

सेयं धात्री विधात्री च सर्वभूतगुणाधिका आधारभूता सर्वेषां मैत्रेय जगताम् इति

seyaṃ dhātrī vidhātrī ca sarvabhūtaguṇādhikā ādhārabhūtā sarveṣāṃ maitreya jagatām iti

[2.4.97] and of all the moving world thus

Word make-up

seyaṃ (सेयं): seyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dhātrī (धात्री): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
vidhātrī (विधात्री): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dhātrī.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sarvabhūtaguṇādhikā (सर्वभूतगुणाधिका): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
ādhārabhūtā (आधारभूता): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + dhārabhūtā.
sarveṣāṃ (सर्वेषां): of all; Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jagatām (जगताम्): the moving world; Inflected from jagat. From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
iti (इति): thus; Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought.

Viṣṇu Purāṇa

Dvitīya Aṃśa, Caturtha Adhyāya

Devanagari scan