āhlādo(आह्लादो)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + hlādo
ā- (“unto, fully”) + hlādo.
Word senses
Dvitīya Aṃśa, Caturtha Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
ākaṭāhataḥ(आकटाहतः)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + kaṭāhataḥ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + kaṭāhataḥ.
amṛta(अमृत)
not-dead
Inflected from amṛta. a- (“not”) + mṛta (mṛ, “to die”). Not-dead; deathless as not having died — still not the same as akṣara (not-perishing).
anya(अन्य)
another
Inflected from anya. Nominative singular of anya: “another.”
āryakādibhiḥ(आर्यकादिभिः)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakādibhiḥ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakādibhiḥ.
āryakāḥ(आर्यकाः)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakāḥ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ryakāḥ.
ātmānam(आत्मानम्)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhayaṃ(भयं)
fear
From bhī, “to fear.” Fear.
bhūyaḥ(भूयः)
again
Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
brahmā(ब्रह्मा)
Not the neuter brahma
Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
brahman(ब्रह्मन्)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
brahmaṇaḥ(ब्रह्मणः)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
brāhmaṇāḥ(ब्राह्मणाः)
a brāhmaṇa
Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
candra(चन्द्र)
the moon
Inflected from candra. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
cāpa(चाप)
bow
Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
catvāra(चत्वार)
four
Inflected from catvāra. catur: four.
catvāras(चत्वारस्)
four
catur: four.
daśa(दश)
ten
daśan: ten.
devānām(देवानाम्)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
dhṛtiḥ(धृतिः)
holding-fast
From dhṛ, “to hold.” Holding-fast; firmness as a holding.
doṣa(दोष)
fault
Inflected from doṣa. From duṣ, “to spoil.” A fault; a spoiling.
droṇa name(द्रोण)
The teacher of arms
Inflected from droṇa. droṇa: a bucket, a wooden vessel. Named for the vessel in which he was born. The teacher of arms.
dṛśyate(दृश्यते)
is seen
Passive of dṛś: it is seen.
dve(द्वे)
two
dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
eṣa(एष)
this one
Masculine of etad: “this one.”
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gira(गिर)
speech
Inflected from gira. From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
ima(इम)
these
Inflected from ima. Dual/plural of idam: “these.”
jagat(जगत्)
the moving world
Inflected from jagat. From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
janārdana name(जनार्दन)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from janārdana. jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
janārdanaḥ name(जनार्दनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
jātaṃ(जातं)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jāyate(जायते)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
kāla(काल)
time
Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kālaḥ(कालः)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kapilas(कपिलस्)
The sage Kapila of Sāṅkhya
kapila: tawny. The sage Kapila of Sāṅkhya.
kṣatriya(क्षत्रिय)
warrior-ruler
Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.
madhya(मध्य)
middle
Inflected from madhya. madhya: middle.
mahān(महान्)
great
mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
mriyate(म्रियते)
dies
From mṛ, “to die.” Dies; dead.
naiva(नैव)
not at all
na “not” + eva “just.”
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nāmāni(नामानि)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nārada(नारद)
Nārada, the seer (nara + da, “giver to men,” traditionally)
Inflected from nārada. Nārada, the seer (nara + da, “giver to men,” traditionally).
nibodha(निबोध)
learn
ni-budh, “to wake to, to learn.” Learn! Know!
nijānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ(निजानुष्ठानतत्पराः)
ni- (“down, in”) + jānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + jānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ.
nimnagāḥ(निम्नगाः)
ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ.
nirātaṅkā(निरातङ्का)
nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkā
nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkā.
nirātaṅkāḥ(निरातङ्काः)
nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkāḥ
nir- (“out, without”) + ātaṅkāḥ.
niśāmaya(निशामय)
ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya
ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya.
niyatātmabhiḥ(नियतात्मभिः)
restrained
ni-yam, “to restrain down.” Restrained. niyata-ātman: those of restrained self.
pāpaṃ(पापं)
ill-deed
pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
para(पर)
beyond
Inflected from para. para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paraḥ(परः)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
parimaṇḍalaḥ(परिमण्डलः)
pari- (“around”) + maṇḍalaḥ
pari- (“around”) + maṇḍalaḥ.
pariveṣānukāriṇā(परिवेषानुकारिणा)
pari- (“around”) + veṣānukāriṇā
pari- (“around”) + veṣānukāriṇā.
pariveṣṭitaḥ(परिवेष्टितः)
pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitaḥ
pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitaḥ.
pariveṣṭitam(परिवेष्टितम्)
pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitam
pari- (“around”) + veṣṭitam.
prabhākaro(प्रभाकरो)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhākaro
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhākaro.
pṛthak(पृथक्)
apart
Indeclinable: “apart, separately.”
puṇya(पुण्य)
merit
Inflected from puṇya. puṇya: auspicious, meritorious (from puṇ/pūṣ related “to thrive”). Merit as what thrives.
purāṇa(पुराण)
ancient
Inflected from purāṇa. purā “formerly” + ana: ancient, of old.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sadā(सदा)
always
sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sama(सम)
even
Inflected from sama. sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
saṃgharṣaḥ(संघर्षः)
saṃ- (“together”) + gharṣaḥ
saṃ- (“together”) + gharṣaḥ.
saṃkṣepeṇa(संक्षेपेण)
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa.
saṃmatis(संमतिस्)
saṃ- (“together”) + matis
saṃ- (“together”) + matis.
saṃveṣṭya(संवेष्ट्य)
saṃ- (“together”) + veṣṭya
saṃ- (“together”) + veṣṭya.
samyak(सम्यक्)
rightly
sam- + añc: “together-going, rightly, fully.”
sapta(सप्त)
seven
saptan: seven.
sarva(सर्व)
all
Inflected from sarva. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvaḥ(सर्वः)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvasya(सर्वस्य)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvata(सर्वत)
all
Inflected from sarvata. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvataḥ(सर्वतः)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarveṣāṃ(सर्वेषां)
of all
Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
satataṃ(सततं)
continuously
From satata: stretched continuously; always.
śṛṇu(शृणु)
hearing
From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
sthāna(स्थान)
standing
Inflected from sthāna. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthānam(स्थानम्)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthita(स्थित)
standing
Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthitaḥ(स्थितः)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sukhadaḥ(सुखदः)
su- (“well, good”) + khadaḥ
su- (“well, good”) + khadaḥ.
sukhadaṃ(सुखदं)
su- (“well, good”) + khadaṃ
su- (“well, good”) + khadaṃ.
sumahāṃs(सुमहांस्)
su- (“well, good”) + mahāṃs
su- (“well, good”) + mahāṃs.
suprabhaṃ(सुप्रभं)
su- (“well, good”) + prabhaṃ
su- (“well, good”) + prabhaṃ.
suprabhaś(सुप्रभश्)
su- (“well, good”) + prabhaś
su- (“well, good”) + prabhaś.
surodakaḥ(सुरोदकः)
su- (“well, good”) + rodakaḥ
su- (“well, good”) + rodakaḥ.
surodena(सुरोदेन)
su- (“well, good”) + rodena
su- (“well, good”) + rodena.
sutaḥ(सुतः)
su- (“well, good”) + taḥ
su- (“well, good”) + taḥ.
svayam(स्वयम्)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tān(तान्)
them
Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tatas(ततस्)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tathaiva(तथैव)
likewise
tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teṣāṃ(तेषां)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
teṣu(तेषु)
in them
Locative plural of tad: “in them.”
udadhiṃ(उदधिं)
ud- (“up, out”) + adhiṃ
ud- (“up, out”) + adhiṃ.
udreki(उद्रेकि)
ud- (“up, out”) + reki
ud- (“up, out”) + reki.
ūrdhvaṃ(ऊर्ध्वं)
upward
ūrdhva: “upward.”
uttamaḥ(उत्तमः)
upmost
ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.
uttamam(उत्तमम्)
upmost
ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.
vaiśya(वैश्य)
a vaiśya
Inflected from vaiśya. From viś, “settlement, the people.” One of the settler/producer class.
vāpi(वापि)
or even
vā “or” + api “even.”
vicchinnaṃ(विच्छिन्नं)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchinnaṃ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchinnaṃ.
vipra(विप्र)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
virodho(विरोधो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rodho
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rodho.
viṣṇu(विष्णु)
The pervading one
Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
vistārāc(विस्ताराच्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārāc
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārāc.
vistārād(विस्ताराद्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārād.
vistāradviguṇenātha(विस्तारद्विगुणेनाथ)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāradviguṇenātha
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāradviguṇenātha.
vistaraḥ(विस्तरः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + staraḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + staraḥ.
vistāraḥ(विस्तारः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāraḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāraḥ.
vistārān(विस्तारान्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārān
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stārān.
vistīrṇaḥ(विस्तीर्णः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stīrṇaḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stīrṇaḥ.
vitṛṣṇā(वितृष्णा)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + tṛṣṇā
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + tṛṣṇā.
viviṃśā(विविंशा)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + viṃśā
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + viṃśā.
yadi(यदि)
if
ya- + di: “if.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yatra(यत्र)
where
ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
yeṣāṃ(येषां)
of whom
Genitive plural of yad: “of whom.”