ācāryaḥ(आचार्यः)
teacher
ā-car, “to go toward, to practice.” One who goes the way and shows it; the teacher by practice.
Word senses
Prathama Aṃśa, Dvādaśa Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
acyuta name(अच्युत)
Unfallen; he who does not fall away
Inflected from acyuta. a- (“not”) + cyuta (cyu, “to fall, to drop”). Unfallen; he who does not fall away.
ākarṇya(आकर्ण्य)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya
ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya.
ākulamatir(आकुलमतिर्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + kulamatir
ā- (“unto, fully”) + kulamatir.
alpa(अल्प)
little
Inflected from alpa. alpa: little, small.
ārādhya(आराध्य)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhya
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhya.
asya(अस्य)
of this
Genitive of idam: “of this.”
ata(अत)
hence
Inflected from ata. From idam/a-tas: “hence, therefore.”
ātmanaḥ(आत्मनः)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
ātmānam(आत्मानम्)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
āturāḥ(आतुराः)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + turāḥ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + turāḥ.
avaruhya(अवरुह्य)
ava- (“down, off”) + ruhya
ava- (“down, off”) + ruhya.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bāla(बाल)
childish
Inflected from bāla. bāla: young, not full-grown; then “childish” as not ripe in knowing.
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
bhūyas(भूयस्)
again
Inflected from bhūyas. Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
bīja(बीज)
seed
Inflected from bīja. bīja: seed (what is to be born from).
brāhmaṇā(ब्राह्मणा)
a brāhmaṇa
Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
brāhmaṇaḥ(ब्राह्मणः)
a brāhmaṇa
Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
candra(चन्द्र)
the moon
candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
dattaṃ(दत्तं)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
deva(देव)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devā(देवा)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devadeva(देवदेव)
god of gods
Inflected from devadeva. deva + deva: shining one of shining ones.
diśaḥ(दिशः)
direction
diś: direction, quarter of the sky.
dṛśyate(दृश्यते)
is seen
Passive of dṛś: it is seen.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
eka(एक)
one
Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.
enaṃ(एनं)
him
Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”
eṣa(एष)
this one
Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etān(एतान्)
these
Inflected from etān. Accusative plural of etad: “these.”
etat(एतत्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
gata(गत)
going
Inflected from gata. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gataḥ(गतः)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gatiḥ(गतिः)
going
From gam: a going, a destination.
gatvā(गत्वा)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
govindas name(गोविन्दस्)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
hṛdi(हृदि)
heart
hṛd / hṛdaya: the heart as the inner place (not only the pump).
icchāmi(इच्छामि)
I wish
From iṣ, “to wish.” I wish.
idam(इदम्)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
idaṃ(इदं)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
jagat(जगत्)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
jagataḥ(जगतः)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
jagatpate(जगत्पते)
master of the moving world
jagat + pati: master of the moving world.
jagatpatiḥ(जगत्पतिः)
master of the moving world
jagat + pati: master of the moving world.
janārdana name(जनार्दन)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
jāta(जात)
is born
Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jātaṃ(जातं)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jāyate(जायते)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jñāyate(ज्ञायते)
is known
Passive of jñā: it is known.
kaḥ(कः)
who
Nominative of kim: “who?” Interrogative stem ka-.
kālaḥ(कालः)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kālena(कालेन)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
katham(कथम्)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
kathaṃcana(कथंचन)
in any way
katham + cana: “in any way.”
kim(किम्)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
labdha(लब्ध)
obtaining
Inflected from labdha. From labh, “to obtain.” Obtains; having obtained.
mahat(महत्)
great
mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
mana(मन)
mind
Inflected from mana. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
mukha(मुख)
mouth
Inflected from mukha. mukha: mouth, face, forefront.
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
namaḥ(नमः)
a bow, salutation
From nam, “to bow.” A bow, salutation.
namas(नमस्)
a bow, salutation
From nam, “to bow.” A bow, salutation.
nāmna(नाम्न)
name
Inflected from nāmna. nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nara(नर)
a man
Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
nirjagāma(निर्जगाम)
nir- (“out, without”) + jagāma
nir- (“out, without”) + jagāma.
niścakrāma(निश्चक्राम)
ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma
ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma.
nityaṃ(नित्यं)
continual
From ni- (“in, own”) + tya: what is in-dwelling, continual, one’s own as constant. Continually-there; not a calendar “eternal.”
nivartaya(निवर्तय)
ni- (“down, in”) + vartaya
ni- (“down, in”) + vartaya.
nivartyatāṃ(निवर्त्यतां)
ni- (“down, in”) + vartyatāṃ
ni- (“down, in”) + vartyatāṃ.
nivatsyati(निवत्स्यति)
ni- (“down, in”) + vatsyati
ni- (“down, in”) + vatsyati.
paraḥ(परः)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paraṃ(परं)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paramaṃ(परमं)
highest
Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
paramo(परमो)
highest
Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
parirebhire(परिरेभिरे)
pari- (“around”) + rebhire
pari- (“around”) + rebhire.
paritoṣitaḥ(परितोषितः)
pari- (“around”) + toṣitaḥ
pari- (“around”) + toṣitaḥ.
parityaktum(परित्यक्तुम्)
pari- (“around”) + tyaktum
pari- (“around”) + tyaktum.
phalam(फलम्)
fruit
Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
phalaṃ(फलं)
fruit
Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
prabhāvataḥ(प्रभावतः)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhāvataḥ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhāvataḥ.
prabho(प्रभो)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho.
prajñā(प्रज्ञा)
forth-knowing
Inflected from prajñā. pra- (“forth”) + jñā, “to know.” Forth-knowing; discernment that knows out.
prāṇo(प्राणो)
forward-breath
pra- (“forth”) + an, “to breathe.” Forward-breath; the breath of life.
prāpya(प्राप्य)
reaching
pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
prathame(प्रथमे)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
praviveśuḥ(प्रविवेशुः)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśuḥ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśuḥ.
prayaccha(प्रयच्छ)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha.
prayayau(प्रययौ)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayau
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayau.
prayayuḥ(प्रययुः)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayuḥ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayuḥ.
punaḥ(पुनः)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puṇyaṃ(पुण्यं)
merit
puṇya: auspicious, meritorious (from puṇ/pūṣ related “to thrive”). Merit as what thrives.
purā(पुरा)
formerly
Indeclinable: “formerly, of old.”
puruṣa(पुरुष)
the Person
Inflected from puruṣa. Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
puruṣaḥ(पुरुषः)
the Person
Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
puruṣasya(पुरुषस्य)
the Person
Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
puruṣottama(पुरुषोत्तम)
upmost Person
puruṣa + uttama (ud-tama, upmost). O upmost Person.
rūpaṃ(रूपं)
form
rūpa: form, outward shape (what is seen). Not “beauty” first.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
sadā(सदा)
always
sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
samavartata(समवर्तत)
sam- (“together”) + avartata
sam- (“together”) + avartata.
sametya(समेत्य)
sam- (“together”) + etya
sam- (“together”) + etya.
saṃkṣobhaṃ(संक्षोभं)
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣobhaṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣobhaṃ.
saṃnivartaya(संनिवर्तय)
saṃ- (“together”) + nivartaya
saṃ- (“together”) + nivartaya.
saṃparetaṃ(संपरेतं)
saṃ- (“together”) + paretaṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + paretaṃ.
saṃpīḍya(संपीड्य)
saṃ- (“together”) + pīḍya
saṃ- (“together”) + pīḍya.
samrāṭ(सम्राट्)
sam- (“together”) + rāṭ
sam- (“together”) + rāṭ.
saṃrāṭ(संराट्)
saṃ- (“together”) + rāṭ
saṃ- (“together”) + rāṭ.
saṃstutiḥ(संस्तुतिः)
saṃ- (“together”) + stutiḥ
saṃ- (“together”) + stutiḥ.
saṃvit(संवित्)
saṃ- (“together”) + vit
saṃ- (“together”) + vit.
śaraṇaṃ(शरणं)
shelter
śaraṇa: shelter, from śṛ “to break” (a broken-place as refuge) or śri. Refuge as a shelter.
sarva(सर्व)
all
Inflected from sarva. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvaḥ(सर्वः)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvam(सर्वम्)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvaṃ(सर्वं)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvataḥ(सर्वतः)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
sarveṣām(सर्वेषाम्)
of all
Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
śāśvataḥ(शाश्वतः)
everlasting
From śaśvat “ever.” Everlasting as “through the ages,” still not akṣara.
satataṃ(सततं)
continuously
From satata: stretched continuously; always.
satyaṃ(सत्यं)
being-true
From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.
śiras(शिरस्)
head
Inflected from śiras. śiras: head. mūrdhan: head, peak.
sthāna(स्थान)
standing
Inflected from sthāna. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthānam(स्थानम्)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthānaṃ(स्थानं)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthita(स्थित)
standing
Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthitaḥ(स्थितः)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sughorāṇi(सुघोराणि)
su- (“well, good”) + ghorāṇi
su- (“well, good”) + ghorāṇi.
sūkṣma(सूक्ष्म)
fine
Inflected from sūkṣma. sūkṣma: fine, subtle.
surāḥ(सुराः)
shining one
sura: a shining one, a god. Parallel to deva (div, “to shine”).
sūrya(सूर्य)
the sun
Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
sutaḥ(सुतः)
su- (“well, good”) + taḥ
su- (“well, good”) + taḥ.
suvrata(सुव्रत)
su- (“well, good”) + vrata
su- (“well, good”) + vrata.
svayaṃ(स्वयं)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
tadā(तदा)
then
ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tān(तान्)
them
Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
tapas(तपस्)
heat
Inflected from tapas. From tap, “to heat, to burn.” Heat; the heating of oneself (austerity as inner heat, not grim duty).
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teṣāṃ(तेषां)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
tiṣṭhanti(तिष्ठन्ति)
stands
From sthā, “to stand.” Stands.
tvayi(त्वयि)
in you
Locative of yuṣmad: “in you.”
uddhara(उद्धर)
ud- (“up, out”) + dhara
ud- (“up, out”) + dhara.
ūrdhvaṃ(ऊर्ध्वं)
upward
ūrdhva: “upward.”
uttamottamam(उत्तमोत्तमम्)
ut- (“up, out”) + tamottamam
ut- (“up, out”) + tamottamam.
vācam(वाचम्)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
varam(वरम्)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
varaṃ(वरं)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
vāyuḥ(वायुः)
” Wind; the blowing one
From vā, “to blow.” Wind; the blowing one.
vetti(वेत्ति)
know
From vid, “to know” (vetti, viduḥ, viddhi) or “to be found” (vidyate). Knows; they know; is found; know!
vibhāvyate(विभाव्यते)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate.
vigatajvarāḥ(विगतज्वराः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + gatajvarāḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + gatajvarāḥ.
vipra(विप्र)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
virāṭ(विराट्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rāṭ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rāṭ.
viṣṇu(विष्णु)
The pervading one
Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
vistāraṃ(विस्तारं)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāraṃ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stāraṃ.
yadā(यदा)
when
ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
yadi(यदि)
if
ya- + di: “if.”
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yas(यस्)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yāti(याति)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
yatra(यत्र)
where
ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
yoginaḥ(योगिनः)
one who is yoked
From yoga (yuj, “to yoke”) + -in “possessing.” One who is yoked; one who has the yoking.