ādhatta(आधत्त)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + dhatta
ā- (“unto, fully”) + dhatta.
Word senses
Prathama Aṃśa, Trayodaśa Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
ādyam(आद्यम्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + dyam
ā- (“unto, fully”) + dyam.
āgneyī(आग्नेयी)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + gneyī
ā- (“unto, fully”) + gneyī.
āhāraḥ(आहारः)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + hāraḥ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + hāraḥ.
ājagavaṃ(आजगवं)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagavaṃ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagavaṃ.
aṅgiras(अङ्गिरस्)
Aṅgiras, a seer
Inflected from aṅgiras. Aṅgiras, a seer.
anya(अन्य)
another
Inflected from anya. Nominative singular of anya: “another.”
ārabdhaṃ(आरब्धं)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rabdhaṃ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rabdhaṃ.
asya(अस्य)
of this
Genitive of idam: “of this.”
atirātraś(अतिरात्रश्)
ati- (“beyond”) + rātraś
ati- (“beyond”) + rātraś.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
āturaiḥ(आतुरैः)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + turaiḥ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + turaiḥ.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
ayaṃ(अयं)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhāva(भाव)
coming-to-be
Inflected from bhāva. From bhū, “to be, to come to be.” Coming-to-be; a state of being.
bhūyaḥ(भूयः)
again
Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
brahmā(ब्रह्मा)
Not the neuter brahma
Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
dadāti(ददाति)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
daśa(दश)
ten
daśan: ten.
deha(देह)
the body
Inflected from deha. From dih, “to smear, to plaster.” The plastered thing: the formed body.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devāḥ(देवाः)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
dhanuḥ(धनुः)
bow
dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
dṛśyate(दृश्यते)
is seen
Passive of dṛś: it is seen.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
Inflected from dvija. dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
Inflected from dvijottama. dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
ekam(एकम्)
one
eka: one. The one, a single.
eṣa(एष)
this one
Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
guṇā(गुणा)
strands
guṇa: strand, constituent thread of experience.
guṇān(गुणान्)
strands
guṇa: strand, constituent thread of experience.
hasta(हस्त)
hand
Inflected from hasta. hasta: hand. kara from kṛ, “doer,” also hand.
hastaṃ(हस्तं)
hand
hasta: hand. kara from kṛ, “doer,” also hand.
hitaṃ(हितं)
beneficial
From dhā, “to place”: well-placed, beneficial.
hṛdi(हृदि)
heart
hṛd / hṛdaya: the heart as the inner place (not only the pump).
idaṃ(इदं)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
ima(इम)
these
Inflected from ima. Dual/plural of idam: “these.”
imau(इमौ)
these
Dual/plural of idam: “these.”
indra(इन्द्र)
The shining king of gods
Inflected from indra. indra: the shining chief of the gods; often from a root of drop/power. The shining king of gods.
jagat(जगत्)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
jagataḥ(जगतः)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
janārdanaḥ name(जनार्दनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
jāta(जात)
is born
Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jātā(जाता)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jñātvā(ज्ञात्वा)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
jñāyate(ज्ञायते)
is known
Passive of jñā: it is known.
kaḥ(कः)
who
Nominative of kim: “who?” Interrogative stem ka-.
kāle(काले)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kāmān(कामान्)
desire
From kam: desire, wish.
kara(कर)
hand
Inflected from kara. hasta: hand. kara from kṛ, “doer,” also hand.
karma(कर्म)
action
Inflected from karma. From kṛ, “to do, to make.” The deed, the doing. Not “fate” and not “ritual” unless the verse is about offering.
karmaṇā(कर्मणा)
action
Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
kāryam(कार्यम्)
what-is-to-be-done
Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
kas(कस्)
who
Nominative of kim: “who?” Interrogative stem ka-.
kathaṃcana(कथंचन)
in any way
katham + cana: “in any way.”
kim(किम्)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kṣīyate(क्षीयते)
wanes
From kṣi, “to waste.” Is wasted, wanes.
kuru(कुरु)
Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
kuru: the Kuru people/line. Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
kuruḥ(कुरुः)
Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
kuru: the Kuru people/line. Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
lokān(लोकान्)
world
From lok, “to see”: a seen-world.
mahatā(महता)
great
mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
mana(मन)
mind
Inflected from mana. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
mattaḥ(मत्तः)
from me
Ablative of asmad: from me.
munaya(मुनय)
silent thinker
Inflected from munaya. From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
munayaḥ(मुनयः)
silent thinker
From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
munayas(मुनयस्)
silent thinker
From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
naraḥ(नरः)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
nava(नव)
nine
navan: nine. Also nava “new.”
nijaghnur(निजघ्नुर्)
ni- (“down, in”) + jaghnur
ni- (“down, in”) + jaghnur.
nirūpitaḥ(निरूपितः)
nir- (“out, without”) + ūpitaḥ
nir- (“out, without”) + ūpitaḥ.
niśākaraḥ(निशाकरः)
ni- (“down, in”) + śākaraḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + śākaraḥ.
nisargād(निसर्गाद्)
ni- (“down, in”) + sargād
ni- (“down, in”) + sargād.
nityaśaḥ(नित्यशः)
continually
nitya + śas: “continually, always.”
pañca(पञ्च)
five
pañcan: five.
pāpa(पाप)
ill-deed
Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
pāpaṃ(पापं)
ill-deed
pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
para(पर)
beyond
Inflected from para. para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paraṃ(परं)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paramaṃ(परमं)
highest
Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
parikīrtyate(परिकीर्त्यते)
pari- (“around”) + kīrtyate
pari- (“around”) + kīrtyate.
pariṇāmo(परिणामो)
pari- (“around”) + ṇāmo
pari- (“around”) + ṇāmo.
paritoṣaṃ(परितोषं)
pari- (“around”) + toṣaṃ
pari- (“around”) + toṣaṃ.
pitā(पिता)
father
pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).
prabhāvaś(प्रभावश्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhāvaś
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhāvaś.
prabho(प्रभो)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho.
prāha(प्राह)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
prajāhitārthāya(प्रजाहितार्थाय)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jāhitārthāya
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jāhitārthāya.
prajānām(प्रजानाम्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jānām
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jānām.
prajānāṃ(प्रजानां)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jānāṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jānāṃ.
prajārtham(प्रजार्थम्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jārtham
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jārtham.
prajeśvara(प्रजेश्वर)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jeśvara
pra- (“forth, forward”) + jeśvara.
prakaroṣi(प्रकरोषि)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + karoṣi
pra- (“forth, forward”) + karoṣi.
prathamajābhavat(प्रथमजाभवत्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamajābhavat
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamajābhavat.
prathame(प्रथमे)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
prathitaṃ(प्रथितं)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thitaṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thitaṃ.
pravepitāṅgī(प्रवेपिताङ्गी)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + vepitāṅgī
pra- (“forth, forward”) + vepitāṅgī.
pravibhāgaḥ(प्रविभागः)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + vibhāgaḥ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + vibhāgaḥ.
prayaccha(प्रयच्छ)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yaccha.
prokta(प्रोक्त)
spoken forth
Inflected from prokta. pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
proktaḥ(प्रोक्तः)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
punaḥ(पुनः)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puruṣaḥ(पुरुषः)
the Person
Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
ṛṣayaḥ(ऋषयः)
seer
ṛṣi: seer, from ṛṣ / dṛś related “to go, to see.” One who sees (the hymn, the truth).
ṛṣayas(ऋषयस्)
seer
ṛṣi: seer, from ṛṣ / dṛś related “to go, to see.” One who sees (the hymn, the truth).
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
samā(समा)
even
Inflected from samā. sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
samaḥ(समः)
even
sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
samaṃ(समं)
even
sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
samarocayat(समरोचयत्)
sam- (“together”) + arocayat
sam- (“together”) + arocayat.
saṃkīrtayen(संकीर्तयेन्)
saṃ- (“together”) + kīrtayen
saṃ- (“together”) + kīrtayen.
saṃkṣayam(संक्षयम्)
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣayam
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣayam.
saṃkṣayaṃ(संक्षयं)
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣayaṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣayaṃ.
samyak(सम्यक्)
rightly
sam- + añc: “together-going, rightly, fully.”
samyaṅ(सम्यङ्)
sam- (“together”) + yaṅ
sam- (“together”) + yaṅ.
sarva(सर्व)
all
Inflected from sarva. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvān(सर्वान्)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvāṇi(सर्वाणि)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvaśaḥ(सर्वशः)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvasya(सर्वस्य)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvata(सर्वत)
all
Inflected from sarvata. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvatra(सर्वत्र)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
sarveṣāṃ(सर्वेषां)
of all
Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
satataṃ(सततं)
continuously
From satata: stretched continuously; always.
śreṣṭha(श्रेष्ठ)
most excellent
Superlative of śrī-related “excellent.” The most excellent.
śūra(शूर)
hero
Inflected from śūra. śūra: hero, valiant (from śū, “to swell in courage”).
susvarau(सुस्वरौ)
su- (“well, good”) + svarau
su- (“well, good”) + svarau.
sūtaḥ(सूतः)
charioteer
sūta: charioteer; also “born.” Sañjaya is addressed as sūta in the frame elsewhere; here often the bard.
sutātmajaḥ(सुतात्मजः)
su- (“well, good”) + tātmajaḥ
su- (“well, good”) + tātmajaḥ.
tadā(तदा)
then
ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tān(तान्)
them
Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
tata(तत)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tatas(ततस्)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teṣām(तेषाम्)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
teṣāṃ(तेषां)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
ubhau(उभौ)
both
ubha: both.
udīrṇavegānāṃ(उदीर्णवेगानां)
ud- (“up, out”) + īrṇavegānāṃ
ud- (“up, out”) + īrṇavegānāṃ.
upakārāya(उपकाराय)
upa- (“near, toward”) + kārāya
upa- (“near, toward”) + kārāya.
uttamam(उत्तमम्)
upmost
ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.
vara(वर)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
vikrānto(विक्रान्तो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + krānto
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + krānto.
vinindaty(विनिन्दत्य्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nindaty
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nindaty.
vipraṃ(विप्रं)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + praṃ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + praṃ.
viprān(विप्रान्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prān
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prān.
viṣama(विषम)
uneven
Inflected from viṣama. vi- + sama: un-even, unequal.
viṣṇu(विष्णु)
The pervading one
Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
vivardhitāḥ(विवर्धिताः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vardhitāḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vardhitāḥ.
ya(य)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yadā(यदा)
when
ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
yadi(यदि)
if
ya- + di: “if.”
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yajñena(यज्ञेन)
offering
From yaj, “to offer.” The offering.
yānti(यान्ति)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yatra(यत्र)
where
ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
yeṣāṃ(येषां)
of whom
Genitive plural of yad: “of whom.”