artha(अर्थ)
aim
Inflected from artha. artha: aim, meaning, wealth as what is sought. From a root of going-toward. That-for-which.
Word senses
Prathama Aṃśa, Aṣṭama Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
ātmanas(आत्मनस्)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
avakāśo(अवकाशो)
ava- (“down, off”) + kāśo
ava- (“down, off”) + kāśo.
avaṣṭambho(अवष्टम्भो)
ava- (“down, off”) + ṣṭambho
ava- (“down, off”) + ṣṭambho.
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
bhīma name(भीम)
The Pāṇḍava Bhīma
Inflected from bhīma. From bhī, “to fear.” The fearful, the terrible. The Pāṇḍava Bhīma.
brahmā(ब्रह्मा)
Not the neuter brahma
Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
brāhmaṇaḥ(ब्राह्मणः)
a brāhmaṇa
Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
brahmaṇas(ब्रह्मणस्)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
deva(देव)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devadeva(देवदेव)
god of gods
Inflected from devadeva. deva + deva: shining one of shining ones.
devaḥ(देवः)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
diśas(दिशस्)
direction
diś: direction, quarter of the sky.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
eṣa(एष)
this one
Inflected from eṣa. Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
govinda name(गोविन्द)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
govindas name(गोविन्दस्)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
icchā(इच्छा)
wishes
From iṣ, “to wish.” Wishes; wish.
idam(इदम्)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
iyam(इयम्)
this
Feminine of idam: “this.”
iyaṃ(इयं)
this
Feminine of idam: “this.”
jagat(जगत्)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
janārdanaḥ name(जनार्दनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
kalevaram(कलेवरम्)
husk-body
kalevara: the body as a husk/covering.
kathaṃ(कथं)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
keśava name(केशव)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from keśava. keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
keśavaḥ name(केशवः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
lobho(लोभो)
grasping-desire
From lubh, “to desire greedily.” Grasping-desire.
madhusūdanaḥ name(मधुसूदनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Madhu (a demon’s name) + sūdana (sūd, “to kill”). Slayer of Madhu. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nāmāni(नामानि)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
nigadataḥ(निगदतः)
ni- (“down, in”) + gadataḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + gadataḥ.
nimeṣo(निमेषो)
ni- (“down, in”) + meṣo
ni- (“down, in”) + meṣo.
paraḥ(परः)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
prabhor(प्रभोर्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhor
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhor.
prajāpatiḥ(प्रजापतिः)
master of offspring
prajā (“offspring,” pra-jan) + pati (“master, husband”). Master of offspring; the progenitor.
prathame(प्रथमे)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
pratyuvāca(प्रत्युवाच)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + tyuvāca
pra- (“forth, forward”) + tyuvāca.
punaḥ(पुनः)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ name(पुण्डरीकाक्षः)
Lotus-eyed
puṇḍarīka (“lotus”) + akṣa (“eye”). Lotus-eyed.
rudra name(रुद्र)
” The howler; Rudra, later a name of Śiva
Inflected from rudra. From rud, “to howl, to cry.” The howler; Rudra, later a name of Śiva.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
saṃtoṣo(संतोषो)
saṃ- (“together”) + toṣo
saṃ- (“together”) + toṣo.
sapta(सप्त)
seven
saptan: seven.
sarvaḥ(सर्वः)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
śāśvata(शाश्वत)
everlasting
Inflected from śāśvata. From śaśvat “ever.” Everlasting as “through the ages,” still not akṣara.
soma(सोम)
the moon
candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
śrīḥ(श्रीः)
splendour
śrī: splendour, the honour-prefix, from śri “to lean / to shine.”
śṛṇu(शृणु)
hearing
From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
sūrya(सूर्य)
the sun
Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
sūryas(सूर्यस्)
the sun
From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
susvaraṃ(सुस्वरं)
su- (“well, good”) + svaraṃ
su- (“well, good”) + svaraṃ.
sutāḥ(सुताः)
su- (“well, good”) + tāḥ
su- (“well, good”) + tāḥ.
svayam(स्वयम्)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tāmasaḥ(तामसः)
of darkness
Of tamas: belonging to darkness.
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
ucyate(उच्यते)
is called
Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.
udgītiḥ(उद्गीतिः)
ud- (“up, out”) + gītiḥ
ud- (“up, out”) + gītiḥ.
upayeme(उपयेमे)
upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme
upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme.
vara(वर)
best
Inflected from vara. From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
vāsudeva name(वासुदेव)
”
Inflected from vāsudeva. Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”
vāyuḥ(वायुः)
” Wind; the blowing one
From vā, “to blow.” Wind; the blowing one.
vibhāvarī(विभावरी)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvarī
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvarī.
vidyate(विद्यते)
know
From vid, “to know” (vetti, viduḥ, viddhi) or “to be found” (vidyate). Knows; they know; is found; know!
viprendra(विप्रेन्द्र)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prendra
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prendra.
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yeṣāṃ(येषां)
of whom
Genitive plural of yad: “of whom.”