Word senses – Caturtha Aṃśa, Viṃśa Adhyāya

āgaccha(आगच्छ)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + gaccha

ā- (“unto, fully”) + gaccha.

āgatya(आगत्य)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + gatya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + gatya.

apare(अपरे)

others

Nominative plural of apara: “others, the further ones.” a-para, “not the near.”

arjuna name(अर्जुन)

Vocative arjuna: O Arjuna

Inflected from arjuna. arjuna: white, silvery, clear. From a root of brightness (raj/arg). The Pāṇḍava named for that brightness. Vocative arjuna: O Arjuna.

ayaṃ(अयं)

this

Masculine of idam: “this one.”

bāla(बाल)

childish

bāla: young, not full-grown; then “childish” as not ripe in knowing.

bhagavān(भगवान्)

the Lord

bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.

bhīṣmaḥ name(भीष्मः)

The Kuru grandfather

From bhīṣ, “to terrify.” The terrible (by vow). The Kuru grandfather.

brāhmaṇa(ब्राह्मण)

a brāhmaṇa

Inflected from brāhmaṇa. Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.

brāhmaṇā(ब्राह्मणा)

a brāhmaṇa

Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.

brāhmaṇāḥ(ब्राह्मणाः)

a brāhmaṇa

Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.

catvāraḥ(चत्वारः)

four

catur: four.

deva(देव)

shining one

Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”

dhṛtarāṣṭra(धृतराष्ट्र)

The blind Kuru king

Inflected from dhṛtarāṣṭra. dhṛta (from dhṛ, “to hold”) + rāṣṭra (“kingdom, ruled land”). He whose kingdom is held; the holder of the realm. The blind Kuru king.

gīyate(गीयते)

is sung

Passive of gai, “to sing.” It is sung.

karmaṇā(कर्मणा)

action

Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.

kiṃ(किं)

what

Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”

naiva(नैव)

not at all

na “not” + eva “just.”

nāma(नाम)

name

nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.

pañca(पञ्च)

five

pañcan: five.

pāṇḍavānām name(पाण्डवानाम्)

The pale-king’s sons

Descendants of Pāṇḍu (pāṇḍu “pale”). The pale-king’s sons.

parivettā(परिवेत्ता)

pari- (“around”) + vettā

pari- (“around”) + vettā.

praśānta(प्रशान्त)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + śānta

pra- (“forth, forward”) + śānta.

pratīpaḥ(प्रतीपः)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīpaḥ

pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīpaḥ.

prativindhyo(प्रतिविन्ध्यो)

prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + vindhyo

prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + vindhyo.

punar(पुनर्)

again

Adverb: “again, back.”

punas(पुनस्)

again

Adverb: “again, back.”

sa(स)

he

Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

saḥ(सः)

he

Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

śāntiṃ(शान्तिं)

calm

From śam: calm.

suhotraṃ(सुहोत्रं)

su- (“well, good”) + hotraṃ

su- (“well, good”) + hotraṃ.

tam(तम्)

him

Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”

tān(तान्)

them

Accusative plural of tad: “them.”

tatas(ततस्)

then

From tad + tas: “from that, then.”

teṣāṃ(तेषां)

of them

Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”

trayaḥ(त्रयः)

three

tri: three.

upagatāś(उपगताश्)

upa- (“near, toward”) + gatāś

upa- (“near, toward”) + gatāś.

upayeme(उपयेमे)

upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme

upa- (“near, toward”) + yeme.

vacanam(वचनम्)

speech

From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.

vinihataḥ(विनिहतः)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nihataḥ

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nihataḥ.

viveśa(विवेश)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa.

yathā(यथा)

as

ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”