ācāryaṃ(आचार्यं)
teacher
ā-car, “to go toward, to practice.” One who goes the way and shows it; the teacher by practice.
Word senses
Caturtha Aṃśa, Caturtha Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
āgāmiyuge(आगामियुगे)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + gāmiyuge
ā- (“unto, fully”) + gāmiyuge.
agni(अग्नि)
Fire as the eater and carrier of offerings
Inflected from agni. agni: fire, the driving fire (aṅg/ag, “to drive”). Fire as the eater and carrier of offerings.
ājagāma(आजगाम)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagāma
ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagāma.
ākarṇya(आकर्ण्य)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya
ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya.
āninye(आनिन्ये)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ninye
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ninye.
antaṃ(अन्तं)
end
anta: end, edge, death as the end. The limit.
apaśyac(अपश्यच्)
apa- (“away”) + śyac
apa- (“away”) + śyac.
apaśyat(अपश्यत्)
apa- (“away”) + śyat
apa- (“away”) + śyat.
ārādhita(आराधित)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhita
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhita.
ārebhe(आरेभे)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rebhe
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rebhe.
ārtajagatparitrāṇāya(आर्तजगत्परित्राणाय)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rtajagatparitrāṇāya
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rtajagatparitrāṇāya.
artham(अर्थम्)
aim
artha: aim, meaning, wealth as what is sought. From a root of going-toward. That-for-which.
ārūḍhāḥ(आरूढाः)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rūḍhāḥ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rūḍhāḥ.
atither(अतिथेर्)
ati- (“beyond”) + ther
ati- (“beyond”) + ther.
ātmānaṃ(आत्मानं)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
avaśyaṃ(अवश्यं)
ava- (“down, off”) + śyaṃ
ava- (“down, off”) + śyaṃ.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bāla(बाल)
childish
bāla: young, not full-grown; then “childish” as not ripe in knowing.
bāṇa(बाण)
arrow
Inflected from bāṇa. Arrow. iṣu from iṣ, “to send, to wish.” What is sent.
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhagavat(भगवत्)
the Lord
Inflected from bhagavat. bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhagavataḥ(भगवतः)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
brāhmaṇa(ब्राह्मण)
a brāhmaṇa
Inflected from brāhmaṇa. Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
buddhim(बुद्धिम्)
the waking-faculty
Inflected from buddhim. From budh, “to wake, to be awake to.” The waking-faculty; discernment. Not a IQ-word “intelligence.”
cāpam(चापम्)
bow
dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
dadāti(ददाति)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
dāna(दान)
giving
Inflected from dāna. From dā, “to give.” Giving; the gift.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devāḥ(देवाः)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
dve(द्वे)
two
dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
eka(एक)
one
Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.
ekam(एकम्)
one
eka: one. The one, a single.
ekaṃ(एकं)
one
eka: one. The one, a single.
enaṃ(एनं)
him
Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gata(गत)
going
Inflected from gata. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
imaṃ(इमं)
this
Accusative masculine of idam: “this.”
jagat(जगत्)
the moving world
Inflected from jagat. From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
jagati(जगति)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
kāle(काले)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kālena(कालेन)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kapila(कपिल)
The sage Kapila of Sāṅkhya
Inflected from kapila. kapila: tawny. The sage Kapila of Sāṅkhya.
katham(कथम्)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
kim(किम्)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
lokā(लोका)
world
From lok, “to see”: a seen-world.
madhye(मध्ये)
middle
madhya: middle.
muni(मुनि)
silent thinker
Inflected from muni. From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
niḥkṣatre(निःक्षत्रे)
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥkṣatre
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥkṣatre.
nijaghāna(निजघान)
ni- (“down, in”) + jaghāna
ni- (“down, in”) + jaghāna.
niveditavān(निवेदितवान्)
ni- (“down, in”) + veditavān
ni- (“down, in”) + veditavān.
niveśitā(निवेशिता)
ni- (“down, in”) + veśitā
ni- (“down, in”) + veśitā.
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
parivārya(परिवार्य)
pari- (“around”) + vārya
pari- (“around”) + vārya.
pitā(पिता)
father
pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).
pragṛhyodakāñjaliṃ(प्रगृह्योदकाञ्जलिं)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + gṛhyodakāñjaliṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + gṛhyodakāñjaliṃ.
prāha(प्राह)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
prāpya(प्राप्य)
reaching
pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
praviveśa(प्रविवेश)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa
pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa.
prayacchati(प्रयच्छति)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yacchati
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yacchati.
prayacchatv(प्रयच्छत्व्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yacchatv
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yacchatv.
punar(पुनर्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
purā(पुरा)
formerly
Indeclinable: “formerly, of old.”
rājña(राज्ञ)
king
Inflected from rājña. From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
sama(सम)
even
Inflected from sama. sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
saṃgrāme(संग्रामे)
saṃ- (“together”) + grāme
saṃ- (“together”) + grāme.
saṃskriyatāṃ(संस्क्रियतां)
saṃ- (“together”) + skriyatāṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + skriyatāṃ.
saṃspṛṣṭeṣv(संस्पृष्टेष्व्)
saṃ- (“together”) + spṛṣṭeṣv
saṃ- (“together”) + spṛṣṭeṣv.
sumatir(सुमतिर्)
su- (“well, good”) + matir
su- (“well, good”) + matir.
sunādaiḥ(सुनादैः)
su- (“well, good”) + nādaiḥ
su- (“well, good”) + nādaiḥ.
susaṃdhis(सुसंधिस्)
su- (“well, good”) + saṃdhis
su- (“well, good”) + saṃdhis.
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tatas(ततस्)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teṣu(तेषु)
in them
Locative plural of tad: “in them.”
tiṣṭhati(तिष्ठति)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
traya(त्रय)
three
Inflected from traya. tri: three.
ūrdhvam(ऊर्ध्वम्)
upward
ūrdhva: “upward.”
vara(वर)
best
Inflected from vara. From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
varam(वरम्)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
varaṃ(वरं)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
vasiṣṭha(वसिष्ठ)
A seer
Inflected from vasiṣṭha. vasiṣṭha: most excellent (superlative of vasu). A seer.
vineśuḥ(विनेशुः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + neśuḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + neśuḥ.
virādhakharadūṣaṇādīn(विराधखरदूषणादीन्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rādhakharadūṣaṇādīn
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rādhakharadūṣaṇādīn.
viveśa(विवेश)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa.
yadā(यदा)
when
ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”