Tṛtīya Aṃśa, Aṣṭama Adhyāya

इति श्रीविष्णुपुराणे तृतीयांशे सप्तमो ऽध्यायः भगवन् भगवान् देवः संसारविजिगीषुभिः समाख्याहि जगन्नाथो विष्णुर् आराध्यते यथा

[[iti śrīviṣṇupurāṇe tṛtīyāṃśe saptamo 'dhyāyaḥ ]] bhagavan bhagavān devaḥ saṃsāravijigīṣubhiḥ samākhyāhi jagannātho viṣṇur ārādhyate yathā

[3.8.1] the Lord shining one ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate as

Word make-up

[[iti (इति): [[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
tṛtīyāṃśe (तृतीयांशे): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
saptamo (सप्तमो): saptamo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
]]: ]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhagavan (भगवन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
devaḥ (देवः): shining one; From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
saṃsāravijigīṣubhiḥ (संसारविजिगीषुभिः): The core matches the root ji, “to conquer.” saṃ- (“together”) + sāravijigīṣubhiḥ.
samākhyāhi (समाख्याहि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” sam- (“together”) + ākhyāhi.
jagannātho (जगन्नाथो): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
viṣṇur (विष्णुर्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇur.
ārādhyate (आराध्यते): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate.
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”

विष्णुभक्तादिचिह्नं यो निजधर्मः पुरोदितः

viṣṇubhaktādicihnaṃ yo nijadharmaḥ puroditaḥ

[3.8.1.13:1] ni- (“down, in”) + jadharmaḥ

Word make-up

viṣṇubhaktādicihnaṃ (विष्णुभक्तादिचिह्नं): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇubhaktādicihnaṃ.
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nijadharmaḥ (निजधर्मः): ni- (“down, in”) + jadharmaḥ; ni- (“down, in”) + jadharmaḥ.
puroditaḥ (पुरोदितः): puroditaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

तम् एवातिस्फुटं वक्तुं पञ्चाध्यायी विधीयते

tam evātisphuṭaṃ vaktuṃ pañcādhyāyī vidhīyate

[3.8.1.13:2] him to tell

Word make-up

tam (तम्): him; Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
evātisphuṭaṃ (एवातिस्फुटं): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
vaktuṃ (वक्तुं): to tell; Infinitive of vac: to speak, to tell.
pañcādhyāyī (पञ्चाध्यायी): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
vidhīyate (विधीयते): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dhīyate.

आराधिताच् च गोविन्दाद् आराधनपरैर् नरैः यत् प्राप्यते फलं श्रोतुं तच् चेच्छामि महामुने

ārādhitāc ca govindād ārādhanaparair naraiḥ yat prāpyate phalaṃ śrotuṃ tac cecchāmi mahāmune

[3.8.2] ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhitāc and a man which reaching fruit

Word make-up

ārādhitāc (आराधिताच्): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhitāc; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhitāc.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
govindād (गोविन्दाद्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
ārādhanaparair (आराधनपरैर्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhanaparair.
naraiḥ (नरैः): a man; Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
prāpyate (प्राप्यते): reaching; pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
phalaṃ (फलं): fruit; Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
śrotuṃ (श्रोतुं): śrotuṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tac (तच्): tac is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cecchāmi (चेच्छामि): cecchāmi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

यत् पृच्छति भवान् एतत् सगरेण महात्मना और्वः प्राह यथा पृष्टस् तन् मे कथयतः शृणु

yat pṛcchati bhavān etat sagareṇa mahātmanā aurvaḥ prāha yathā pṛṣṭas tan me kathayataḥ śṛṇu

[3.8.3] which you this a- (“not”) + urvaḥ spoken forth as my hearing

Word make-up

yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
pṛcchati (पृच्छति): pṛcchati is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhavān (भवान्): you; Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
etat (एतत्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
sagareṇa (सगरेण): sagareṇa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahātmanā (महात्मना): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
aurvaḥ (और्वः): a- (“not”) + urvaḥ; a- (“not”) + urvaḥ.
prāha (प्राह): spoken forth; pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
pṛṣṭas (पृष्टस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tan (तन्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
kathayataḥ (कथयतः): kathayataḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

सगरः प्रणिपत्येदम् और्वं पप्रच्छ भार्गवम् विष्णोर् आराधनोपायसंबन्धं मुनिसत्तम

sagaraḥ praṇipatyedam aurvaṃ papraccha bhārgavam viṣṇor ārādhanopāyasaṃbandhaṃ munisattama

[3.8.4] a- (“not”) + urvaṃ

Word make-up

sagaraḥ (सगरः): sagaraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
praṇipatyedam (प्रणिपत्येदम्): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇipatyedam.
aurvaṃ (और्वं): a- (“not”) + urvaṃ; a- (“not”) + urvaṃ.
papraccha (पप्रच्छ): papraccha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhārgavam (भार्गवम्): bhārgavam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viṣṇor (विष्णोर्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇor.
ārādhanopāyasaṃbandhaṃ (आराधनोपायसंबन्धं): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhanopāyasaṃbandhaṃ.
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

फलं चाराधिते विष्णौ यत् पुंसाम् अभिजायते स चाह पृष्टो यत् तेन तन् मैत्रेयाखिलं शृणु

phalaṃ cārādhite viṣṇau yat puṃsām abhijāyate sa cāha pṛṣṭo yat tena tan maitreyākhilaṃ śṛṇu

[3.8.5] fruit which is born he which by that hearing

Word make-up

phalaṃ (फलं): fruit; Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
cārādhite (चाराधिते): cārādhite is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viṣṇau (विष्णौ): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇau.
yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
puṃsām (पुंसाम्): puṃsām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhijāyate (अभिजायते): is born; abhi- (“toward, over, against”) joined to jāyate. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born. Together the form means abhi + that sense.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
cāha (चाह): cāha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pṛṣṭo (पृष्टो): pṛṣṭo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
tan (तन्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
maitreyākhilaṃ (मैत्रेयाखिलं): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

भौमान् मनोरथान् स्वर्गं स्वर्गवन्द्यं तथास्पदम् प्राप्नोत्य् आराधिते विष्णौ निर्वाणम् अपि चोत्तमम्

bhaumān manorathān svargaṃ svargavandyaṃ tathāspadam prāpnoty ārādhite viṣṇau nirvāṇam api cottamam

[3.8.6] ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhite blowing-out also

Word make-up

bhaumān (भौमान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
manorathān (मनोरथान्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
svargaṃ (स्वर्गं): svargaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
svargavandyaṃ (स्वर्गवन्द्यं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
tathāspadam (तथास्पदम्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
prāpnoty (प्राप्नोत्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
ārādhite (आराधिते): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhite; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhite.
viṣṇau (विष्णौ): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇau.
nirvāṇam (निर्वाणम्): blowing-out; nir- (“out”) + vā, “to blow.” A blowing-out (as a flame). Extinguishing of the burning.
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”
cottamam (चोत्तमम्): cottamam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

यद् यद् इच्छति यावच् च फलम् आराधिते ऽच्युते तत् तद् आप्नोति राजेन्द्र भूरि स्वल्पम् अथापि वा

yad yad icchati yāvac ca phalam ārādhite 'cyute tat tad āpnoti rājendra bhūri svalpam athāpi vā

[3.8.7] which which wishes and fruit ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhite that that or

Word make-up

yad (यद्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
yad (यद्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
icchati (इच्छति): wishes; From iṣ, “to wish.” Wishes; wish.
yāvac (यावच्): The core matches the root vac, “to speak.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
phalam (फलम्): fruit; Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
ārādhite (आराधिते): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhite; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhite.
'cyute (ऽच्युते): The core matches the root cyu, “to fall away.”
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
āpnoti (आप्नोति): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + pnoti.
rājendra (राजेन्द्र): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
bhūri (भूरि): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
svalpam (स्वल्पम्): svalpam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
athāpi (अथापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + thāpi.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”

यत् तु पृच्छसि भूपाल कथम् आराध्यते हि सः तद् अहं सकलं तुभ्यं कथयामि निबोध मे

yat tu pṛcchasi bhūpāla katham ārādhyate hi saḥ tad ahaṃ sakalaṃ tubhyaṃ kathayāmi nibodha me

[3.8.8] which but how ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate for he that I learn my

Word make-up

yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
pṛcchasi (पृच्छसि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
bhūpāla (भूपाल): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
katham (कथम्): how; ka- + tham: “how?”
ārādhyate (आराध्यते): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
saḥ (सः): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
ahaṃ (अहं): ”; Nominative of asmad: “I.”
sakalaṃ (सकलं): sakalaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tubhyaṃ (तुभ्यं): tubhyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kathayāmi (कथयामि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
nibodha (निबोध): learn; ni-budh, “to wake to, to learn.” Learn! Know!
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”

वर्णाश्रमाचारवता पुरुषेण परः पुमान् विष्णुर् आराध्यते पन्था नान्यस् तत्तोषकारणम्

varṇāśramācāravatā puruṣeṇa paraḥ pumān viṣṇur ārādhyate panthā nānyas tattoṣakāraṇam

[3.8.9] beyond ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate

Word make-up

varṇāśramācāravatā (वर्णाश्रमाचारवता): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
puruṣeṇa (पुरुषेण): puruṣeṇa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
paraḥ (परः): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
pumān (पुमान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
viṣṇur (विष्णुर्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇur.
ārādhyate (आराध्यते): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate.
panthā (पन्था): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
nānyas (नान्यस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tattoṣakāraṇam (तत्तोषकारणम्): tattoṣakāraṇam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

यजन् यज्ञान् यजत्य् एनं जपत्य् एनं जपन् नृप घ्नंस् तथान्यान् हिनस्त्य् एनं सर्वभूतो यतो हरिः

yajan yajñān yajaty enaṃ japaty enaṃ japan nṛpa ghnaṃs tathānyān hinasty enaṃ sarvabhūto yato hariḥ

[3.8.10] offering him him him which

Word make-up

yajan (यजन्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
yajñān (यज्ञान्): offering; From yaj, “to offer.” The offering.
yajaty (यजत्य्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
enaṃ (एनं): him; Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”
japaty (जपत्य्): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
enaṃ (एनं): him; Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”
japan (जपन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
nṛpa (नृप): nṛpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ghnaṃs (घ्नंस्): ghnaṃs is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathānyān (तथान्यान्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
hinasty (हिनस्त्य्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
enaṃ (एनं): him; Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”
sarvabhūto (सर्वभूतो): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
yato (यतो): which; Inflected from yat. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
hariḥ (हरिः): hariḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

तस्मात् सदाचारवता पुरुषेण जनार्दनः आराध्यते स्ववर्णोक्तधर्मानुष्ठानकारिणा

tasmāt sadācāravatā puruṣeṇa janārdanaḥ ārādhyate svavarṇoktadharmānuṣṭhānakāriṇā

[3.8.11] therefore janārdanaḥ ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate

Word make-up

tasmāt (तस्मात्): therefore; Ablative of tad: “from that”; often “therefore.”
sadācāravatā (सदाचारवता): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
puruṣeṇa (पुरुषेण): puruṣeṇa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
janārdanaḥ (जनार्दनः): A name of Kṛṣṇa; jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
ārādhyate (आराध्यते): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhyate.
svavarṇoktadharmānuṣṭhānakāriṇā (स्ववर्णोक्तधर्मानुष्ठानकारिणा): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”

ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यः शूद्रश् च पृथिवीपते स्वधर्मतत्परो विष्णुम् आराधयति नान्यथा

brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyaḥ śūdraś ca pṛthivīpate svadharmatatparo viṣṇum ārādhayati nānyathā

[3.8.12] a brāhmaṇa warrior-ruler a vaiśya and The pervading one ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhayati

Word make-up

brāhmaṇaḥ (ब्राह्मणः): a brāhmaṇa; Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
kṣatriyo (क्षत्रियो): warrior-ruler; Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.
vaiśyaḥ (वैश्यः): a vaiśya; From viś, “settlement, the people.” One of the settler/producer class.
śūdraś (शूद्रश्): śūdraś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pṛthivīpate (पृथिवीपते): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
svadharmatatparo (स्वधर्मतत्परो): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
viṣṇum (विष्णुम्): The pervading one; Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
ārādhayati (आराधयति): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhayati; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhayati.
nānyathā (नान्यथा): nānyathā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

परापवादं पैशुन्यम् अनृतं च न भाषते अन्योद्वेगकरं वापि तोष्यते तेन केशवः

parāpavādaṃ paiśunyam anṛtaṃ ca na bhāṣate anyodvegakaraṃ vāpi toṣyate tena keśavaḥ

[3.8.13] not the fitted-true and not or even by that keśavaḥ

Word make-up

parāpavādaṃ (परापवादं): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + pavādaṃ.
paiśunyam (पैशुन्यम्): paiśunyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anṛtaṃ (अनृतं): not the fitted-true; an- (“not,” before vowels) joined to ṛtaṃ. ṛta: the fitted, the true course (from ṛ, “to go”). What is right-fitted. Together the form means an + that sense.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
bhāṣate (भाषते): bhāṣate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anyodvegakaraṃ (अन्योद्वेगकरं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + nyodvegakaraṃ.
vāpi (वापि): or even; vā “or” + api “even.”
toṣyate (तोष्यते): toṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
keśavaḥ (केशवः): A name of Kṛṣṇa; keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.

परपत्नीपरद्रव्यपरहिंसासु यो मतिम् न करोति पुमान् भूप तोष्यते तेन केशवः

parapatnīparadravyaparahiṃsāsu yo matim na karoti pumān bhūpa toṣyate tena keśavaḥ

[3.8.14] my not doing by that keśavaḥ

Word make-up

parapatnīparadravyaparahiṃsāsu (परपत्नीपरद्रव्यपरहिंसासु): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
matim (मतिम्): my; Inflected from mat. mad-/mat- from asmad, the “I” stem: my, of me, coming from me.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
karoti (करोति): doing; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” To do; having done; doing.
pumān (पुमान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
bhūpa (भूप): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
toṣyate (तोष्यते): toṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
keśavaḥ (केशवः): A name of Kṛṣṇa; keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.

न ताडयति नो हन्ति प्राणिनो ऽन्यांश् च देहिनः यो मनुष्यो मनुष्येन्द्र तोष्यते तेन केशवः

na tāḍayati no hanti prāṇino 'nyāṃś ca dehinaḥ yo manuṣyo manuṣyendra toṣyate tena keśavaḥ

[3.8.15] not striking and the embodied by that keśavaḥ

Word make-up

na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
tāḍayati (ताडयति): tāḍayati is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
no (नो): no is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hanti (हन्ति): striking; From han, “to strike, to slay.” Strikes; is struck; to slay; having slain.
prāṇino (प्राणिनो): prāṇino is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'nyāṃś (ऽन्यांश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dehinaḥ (देहिनः): the embodied; deha from dih, “to plaster”: the body. dehin is the one who has a body, the embodied.
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
manuṣyo (मनुष्यो): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
manuṣyendra (मनुष्येन्द्र): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
toṣyate (तोष्यते): toṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
keśavaḥ (केशवः): A name of Kṛṣṇa; keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.

देवद्विजगुरूणां यः शुश्रूषासु सदोद्यतः तोष्यते तेन गोविन्दः पुरुषेण नरेश्वर

devadvijagurūṇāṃ yaḥ śuśrūṣāsu sadodyataḥ toṣyate tena govindaḥ puruṣeṇa nareśvara

[3.8.16] who by that govindaḥ

Word make-up

devadvijagurūṇāṃ (देवद्विजगुरूणां): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
śuśrūṣāsu (शुश्रूषासु): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
sadodyataḥ (सदोद्यतः): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
toṣyate (तोष्यते): toṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
govindaḥ (गोविन्दः): A name of Kṛṣṇa; go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
puruṣeṇa (पुरुषेण): puruṣeṇa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nareśvara (नरेश्वर): nareśvara is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

यथात्मनि च पुत्रे च सर्वभूतेषु यस् तथा हितकामो हरिस् तेन तोष्यते सर्वदा सुखम्

yathātmani ca putre ca sarvabhūteṣu yas tathā hitakāmo haris tena toṣyate sarvadā sukham

[3.8.17] and and who so by that ease

Word make-up

yathātmani (यथात्मनि): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
putre (पुत्रे): putre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sarvabhūteṣu (सर्वभूतेषु): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
yas (यस्): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
hitakāmo (हितकामो): hitakāmo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
haris (हरिस्): haris is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
toṣyate (तोष्यते): toṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvadā (सर्वदा): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
sukham (सुखम्): ease; su- (“well, good”) + kha (“axle-hole, space”). Well-fitting; ease. Not a thin “happiness.”

यस्य रागादिदोषेण न दुष्टं नृप मानसम् विशुद्धचेतसा विष्णुस् तोष्यते तेन सर्वदा

yasya rāgādidoṣeṇa na duṣṭaṃ nṛpa mānasam viśuddhacetasā viṣṇus toṣyate tena sarvadā

[3.8.18] whose not The pervading one by that

Word make-up

yasya (यस्य): whose; Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
rāgādidoṣeṇa (रागादिदोषेण): rāgādidoṣeṇa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
duṣṭaṃ (दुष्टं): duṣṭaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nṛpa (नृप): nṛpa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mānasam (मानसम्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
viśuddhacetasā (विशुद्धचेतसा): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śuddhacetasā.
viṣṇus (विष्णुस्): The pervading one; From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
toṣyate (तोष्यते): toṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
sarvadā (सर्वदा): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”

वर्णाश्रमेषु ये धर्माः शास्त्रोक्ता नृपसत्तम तेषु तिष्ठन् नरो विष्णुम् आराधयति नान्यथा

varṇāśrameṣu ye dharmāḥ śāstroktā nṛpasattama teṣu tiṣṭhan naro viṣṇum ārādhayati nānyathā

[3.8.19] who that which holds in them a man The pervading one ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhayati

Word make-up

varṇāśrameṣu (वर्णाश्रमेषु): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
dharmāḥ (धर्माः): that which holds; Inflected from dharma. From dhṛ, “to hold, to uphold.” That which holds, the holding: law, right, the way a thing is held in place. Not a one-word “religion.”
śāstroktā (शास्त्रोक्ता): The core matches the root śās, “to instruct.”
nṛpasattama (नृपसत्तम): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
teṣu (तेषु): in them; Locative plural of tad: “in them.”
tiṣṭhan (तिष्ठन्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
naro (नरो): a man; Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
viṣṇum (विष्णुम्): The pervading one; Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
ārādhayati (आराधयति): ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhayati; ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhayati.
nānyathā (नान्यथा): nānyathā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

तद् अहं श्रोतुम् इच्छामि वर्णधर्मान् अशेषतः तथैवाश्रमधर्मांश् च द्विजवर्य ब्रवीहि तान्

tad ahaṃ śrotum icchāmi varṇadharmān aśeṣataḥ tathaivāśramadharmāṃś ca dvijavarya bravīhi tān

[3.8.20] that I I wish a- (“not”) + śeṣataḥ and them

Word make-up

tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
ahaṃ (अहं): ”; Nominative of asmad: “I.”
śrotum (श्रोतुम्): śrotum is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
icchāmi (इच्छामि): I wish; From iṣ, “to wish.” I wish.
varṇadharmān (वर्णधर्मान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
aśeṣataḥ (अशेषतः): a- (“not”) + śeṣataḥ; a- (“not”) + śeṣataḥ.
tathaivāśramadharmāṃś (तथैवाश्रमधर्मांश्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dvijavarya (द्विजवर्य): dvijavarya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bravīhi (ब्रवीहि): bravīhi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tān (तान्): them; Accusative plural of tad: “them.”

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च यथाक्रमम् त्वम् एकाग्रमना भूत्वा शृणु धर्मान् मयोदितान्

brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ ca yathākramam tvam ekāgramanā bhūtvā śṛṇu dharmān mayoditān

[3.8.21] and you having come to be hearing that which holds

Word make-up

brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ (ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.”
śūdrāṇāṃ (शूद्राणां): śūdrāṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yathākramam (यथाक्रमम्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
tvam (त्वम्): you; Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
ekāgramanā (एकाग्रमना): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
bhūtvā (भूत्वा): having come to be; Gerund of bhū: “having come to be.”
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
dharmān (धर्मान्): that which holds; Inflected from dharma. From dhṛ, “to hold, to uphold.” That which holds, the holding: law, right, the way a thing is held in place. Not a one-word “religion.”
mayoditān (मयोदितान्): mayoditān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

दानं दद्याद् यजेद् देवान् यज्ञैः स्वाध्यायतत्परः नित्योदकी भवेद् विप्रः कुर्याच् चाग्निपरिग्रहम्

dānaṃ dadyād yajed devān yajñaiḥ svādhyāyatatparaḥ nityodakī bhaved vipraḥ kuryāc cāgniparigraham

[3.8.22] giving shining one offering ni- (“down, in”) + tyodakī vi- (“apart, asunder”) + praḥ

Word make-up

dānaṃ (दानं): giving; From dā, “to give.” Giving; the gift.
dadyād (दद्याद्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
yajed (यजेद्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
devān (देवान्): shining one; From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
yajñaiḥ (यज्ञैः): offering; Inflected from yajña. From yaj, “to offer, to worship, to stretch toward the gods.” The offering. Not merely “sacrifice” as killing.
svādhyāyatatparaḥ (स्वाध्यायतत्परः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
nityodakī (नित्योदकी): ni- (“down, in”) + tyodakī; ni- (“down, in”) + tyodakī.
bhaved (भवेद्): bhaved is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vipraḥ (विप्रः): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + praḥ; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + praḥ.
kuryāc (कुर्याच्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
cāgniparigraham (चाग्निपरिग्रहम्): The core matches the root grah, “to grasp.”

वृत्त्यर्थं याजयेच् चान्यान् अन्यान् अध्यापयेत् तथा कुर्यात् प्रतिग्रहादानं गुर्वर्थं न्यायतो द्विजः

vṛttyarthaṃ yājayec cānyān anyān adhyāpayet tathā kuryāt pratigrahādānaṃ gurvarthaṃ nyāyato dvijaḥ

[3.8.23] another so doing twice-born

Word make-up

vṛttyarthaṃ (वृत्त्यर्थं): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.”
yājayec (याजयेच्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
cānyān (चान्यान्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
anyān (अन्यान्): another; Inflected from anya. Nominative singular of anya: “another.”
adhyāpayet (अध्यापयेत्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + dhyāpayet.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
kuryāt (कुर्यात्): doing; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” To do; having done; doing.
pratigrahādānaṃ (प्रतिग्रहादानं): The core matches the root grah, “to grasp.” prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + grahādānaṃ.
gurvarthaṃ (गुर्वर्थं): gurvarthaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nyāyato (न्यायतो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
dvijaḥ (द्विजः): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

सर्वलोकहितं कुर्यान् नाहितं कस्यचिद् द्विजः मैत्री समस्तभूतेषु ब्राह्मणस्योत्तमं धनम्

sarvalokahitaṃ kuryān nāhitaṃ kasyacid dvijaḥ maitrī samastabhūteṣu brāhmaṇasyottamaṃ dhanam

[3.8.24] twice-born

Word make-up

sarvalokahitaṃ (सर्वलोकहितं): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
kuryān (कुर्यान्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
nāhitaṃ (नाहितं): nāhitaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kasyacid (कस्यचिद्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
dvijaḥ (द्विजः): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
maitrī (मैत्री): maitrī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samastabhūteṣu (समस्तभूतेषु): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” sam- (“together”) + astabhūteṣu.
brāhmaṇasyottamaṃ (ब्राह्मणस्योत्तमं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
dhanam (धनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”

ग्राव्णि रत्ने च पारक्ये समबुद्धिर् भवेद् द्विजः ऋताव् अभिगमः पत्न्यां शस्यते चास्य पार्थिव

grāvṇi ratne ca pārakye samabuddhir bhaved dvijaḥ ṛtāv abhigamaḥ patnyāṃ śasyate cāsya pārthiva

[3.8.25] and sam- (“together”) + abuddhir twice-born

Word make-up

grāvṇi (ग्राव्णि): grāvṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ratne (रत्ने): ratne is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pārakye (पारक्ये): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
samabuddhir (समबुद्धिर्): sam- (“together”) + abuddhir; sam- (“together”) + abuddhir.
bhaved (भवेद्): bhaved is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvijaḥ (द्विजः): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
ṛtāv (ऋताव्): ṛtāv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhigamaḥ (अभिगमः): The core matches the root gam, “to go.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + gamaḥ.
patnyāṃ (पत्न्यां): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
śasyate (शस्यते): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
cāsya (चास्य): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
pārthiva (पार्थिव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”

दानानि दद्याद् इच्छातो द्विजेभ्यः क्षत्रियो ऽपि हि यजेच् च विविधैर् यज्ञैर् अधीयीत च पार्थिवः

dānāni dadyād icchāto dvijebhyaḥ kṣatriyo 'pi hi yajec ca vividhair yajñair adhīyīta ca pārthivaḥ

[3.8.26] twice-born warrior-ruler for and a- (“not”) + dhīyīta and

Word make-up

dānāni (दानानि): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
dadyād (दद्याद्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
icchāto (इच्छातो): icchāto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvijebhyaḥ (द्विजेभ्यः): twice-born; Inflected from dvija. dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
kṣatriyo (क्षत्रियो): warrior-ruler; Inflected from kṣatriya. From kṣatra, “dominion, power to wound/rule” (kṣi / kṣat). One of the ruling-warrior class.
'pi (ऽपि): 'pi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
yajec (यजेच्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vividhair (विविधैर्): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vidhair.
yajñair (यज्ञैर्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
adhīyīta (अधीयीत): a- (“not”) + dhīyīta; a- (“not”) + dhīyīta.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pārthivaḥ (पार्थिवः): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”

शस्त्राजीवो महीरक्षा प्रवरा तस्य जीविका तस्यापि प्रथमे कल्पे पृथिवीपरिपालनम्

śastrājīvo mahīrakṣā pravarā tasya jīvikā tasyāpi prathame kalpe pṛthivīparipālanam

[3.8.27] best of that pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame

Word make-up

śastrājīvo (शस्त्राजीवो): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
mahīrakṣā (महीरक्षा): mahīrakṣā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pravarā (प्रवरा): best; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to varā. From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best. Together the form means pra + that sense.
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
jīvikā (जीविका): The core matches the root jīv, “to live.”
tasyāpi (तस्यापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
prathame (प्रथमे): pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame; pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
kalpe (कल्पे): kalpe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pṛthivīparipālanam (पृथिवीपरिपालनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”

धरित्रीपालनेनैव कृतकृत्यो नराधिपः भवन्ति नृपतेर् अंशा यतो यज्ञादिकर्मणाम्

dharitrīpālanenaiva kṛtakṛtyo narādhipaḥ bhavanti nṛpater aṃśā yato yajñādikarmaṇām

[3.8.28] a- (“not”) + ṃśā which

Word make-up

dharitrīpālanenaiva (धरित्रीपालनेनैव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
kṛtakṛtyo (कृतकृत्यो): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
narādhipaḥ (नराधिपः): narādhipaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhavanti (भवन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
nṛpater (नृपतेर्): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
aṃśā (अंशा): a- (“not”) + ṃśā; a- (“not”) + ṃśā.
yato (यतो): which; Inflected from yat. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
yajñādikarmaṇām (यज्ञादिकर्मणाम्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”

दुष्टानां शासनाद् राजा शिष्टानां परिपालनात् प्राप्नोत्य् अभिमतांल् लोकान् वर्णसंस्थाकरो नृपः

duṣṭānāṃ śāsanād rājā śiṣṭānāṃ paripālanāt prāpnoty abhimatāṃl lokān varṇasaṃsthākaro nṛpaḥ

[3.8.29] king abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + matāṃl world

Word make-up

duṣṭānāṃ (दुष्टानां): duṣṭānāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śāsanād (शासनाद्): The core matches the root śās, “to instruct.”
rājā (राजा): king; From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king.
śiṣṭānāṃ (शिष्टानां): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
paripālanāt (परिपालनात्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” pari- (“around”) + pālanāt.
prāpnoty (प्राप्नोत्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
abhimatāṃl (अभिमतांल्): abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + matāṃl; abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + matāṃl.
lokān (लोकान्): world; From lok, “to see”: a seen-world.
varṇasaṃsthākaro (वर्णसंस्थाकरो): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.”
nṛpaḥ (नृपः): nṛpaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

पशुपाल्यं वणिज्यं च कृषिं च मनुजेश्वर वैश्याय जीविकां ब्रह्मा ददौ लोकपितामहः

paśupālyaṃ vaṇijyaṃ ca kṛṣiṃ ca manujeśvara vaiśyāya jīvikāṃ brahmā dadau lokapitāmahaḥ

[3.8.30] and and a vaiśya Not the neuter brahma

Word make-up

paśupālyaṃ (पशुपाल्यं): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
vaṇijyaṃ (वणिज्यं): vaṇijyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kṛṣiṃ (कृषिं): The core matches the root kṛṣ, “to drag, to plough.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
manujeśvara (मनुजेश्वर): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
vaiśyāya (वैश्याय): a vaiśya; Inflected from vaiśya. From viś, “settlement, the people.” One of the settler/producer class.
jīvikāṃ (जीविकां): The core matches the root jīv, “to live.”
brahmā (ब्रह्मा): Not the neuter brahma; Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
dadau (ददौ): dadau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
lokapitāmahaḥ (लोकपितामहः): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”

तस्याप्य् अध्ययनं यज्ञो दानं धर्मश् च शस्यते नित्यनैमित्तिकादीनाम् अनुष्ठानं च कर्मणाम्

tasyāpy adhyayanaṃ yajño dānaṃ dharmaś ca śasyate nityanaimittikādīnām anuṣṭhānaṃ ca karmaṇām

[3.8.31] offering giving and and action

Word make-up

tasyāpy (तस्याप्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
adhyayanaṃ (अध्ययनं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + dhyayanaṃ.
yajño (यज्ञो): offering; From yaj, “to offer, to worship, to stretch toward the gods.” The offering. Not merely “sacrifice” as killing.
dānaṃ (दानं): giving; From dā, “to give.” Giving; the gift.
dharmaś (धर्मश्): dharmaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
śasyate (शस्यते): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
nityanaimittikādīnām (नित्यनैमित्तिकादीनाम्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” ni- (“down, in”) + tyanaimittikādīnām.
anuṣṭhānaṃ (अनुष्ठानं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” anu- (“along, after”) + ṣṭhānaṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
karmaṇām (कर्मणाम्): action; Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.

द्विजातिसंश्रयं कर्म तादर्थ्यं तेन पोषणम् क्रयविक्रयजैर् वापि धनैः कारूद्भवेन वा

dvijātisaṃśrayaṃ karma tādarthyaṃ tena poṣaṇam krayavikrayajair vāpi dhanaiḥ kārūdbhavena vā

[3.8.32] action by that or even or

Word make-up

dvijātisaṃśrayaṃ (द्विजातिसंश्रयं): dvijātisaṃśrayaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
karma (कर्म): action; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” The deed, the doing. Not “fate” and not “ritual” unless the verse is about offering.
tādarthyaṃ (तादर्थ्यं): tādarthyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
poṣaṇam (पोषणम्): poṣaṇam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
krayavikrayajair (क्रयविक्रयजैर्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
vāpi (वापि): or even; vā “or” + api “even.”
dhanaiḥ (धनैः): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
kārūdbhavena (कारूद्भवेन): kārūdbhavena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vā (वा): or; Particle: “or.”

शूद्रस्य सन्नतिः शौचं सेवा स्वामिन्य् अमायया

śūdrasya sannatiḥ śaucaṃ sevā svāminy amāyayā

[3.8.32.14:1] a śūdra clean-ness

Word make-up

śūdrasya (शूद्रस्य): a śūdra; Inflected from śūdra. The fourth class; traditionally from śuc/śudh or as the name of that group. The serving class in varṇa-talk.
sannatiḥ (सन्नतिः): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
śaucaṃ (शौचं): clean-ness; From śuc, “to gleam, to be clean.” Clean-ness.
sevā (सेवा): The core matches the root sev, “to attend.”
svāminy (स्वामिन्य्): svāminy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
amāyayā (अमायया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + māyayā.

अमन्त्रयज्ञा ह्य् अस्ते ऽयं तत्सङ्गो विप्ररक्षणम्

amantrayajñā hy aste 'yaṃ tatsaṅgo viprarakṣaṇam

[3.8.32.14:2] vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prarakṣaṇam

Word make-up

amantrayajñā (अमन्त्रयज्ञा): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.” a- (“not”) + mantrayajñā.
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aste (अस्ते): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + ste.
'yaṃ (ऽयं): 'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatsaṅgo (तत्सङ्गो): tatsaṅgo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viprarakṣaṇam (विप्ररक्षणम्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prarakṣaṇam; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prarakṣaṇam.

दानं च दद्याच् छूद्रो ऽपि पाकयज्ञैर् यजेत च पित्र्यादिकं च वै सर्वं शूद्रः कुर्वीत तेन वै

dānaṃ ca dadyāc chūdro 'pi pākayajñair yajeta ca pitryādikaṃ ca vai sarvaṃ śūdraḥ kurvīta tena vai

[3.8.33] giving and and and indeed all a śūdra by that indeed

Word make-up

dānaṃ (दानं): giving; From dā, “to give.” Giving; the gift.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dadyāc (दद्याच्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
chūdro (छूद्रो): chūdro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'pi (ऽपि): 'pi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pākayajñair (पाकयज्ञैर्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
yajeta (यजेत): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pitryādikaṃ (पित्र्यादिकं): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
sarvaṃ (सर्वं): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
śūdraḥ (शूद्रः): a śūdra; The fourth class; traditionally from śuc/śudh or as the name of that group. The serving class in varṇa-talk.
kurvīta (कुर्वीत): kurvīta is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

भृत्यादिभरणार्थाय सर्वेषां च परिग्रहः ऋतुकालाभिगमनं स्वदारेषु महीपते

bhṛtyādibharaṇārthāya sarveṣāṃ ca parigrahaḥ ṛtukālābhigamanaṃ svadāreṣu mahīpate

[3.8.34] of all and

Word make-up

bhṛtyādibharaṇārthāya (भृत्यादिभरणार्थाय): The core matches the root bhṛ, “to bear.”
sarveṣāṃ (सर्वेषां): of all; Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
parigrahaḥ (परिग्रहः): The core matches the root grah, “to grasp.” pari- (“around”) + grahaḥ.
ṛtukālābhigamanaṃ (ऋतुकालाभिगमनं): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
svadāreṣu (स्वदारेषु): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
mahīpate (महीपते): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”

दया समस्तभूतेषु तितिक्षा नाभिमानिता सत्यं शौचम् अनायासो मङ्गलं प्रियवादिता

dayā samastabhūteṣu titikṣā nābhimānitā satyaṃ śaucam anāyāso maṅgalaṃ priyavāditā

[3.8.35] compassion being-true clean-ness

Word make-up

dayā (दया): compassion; From day, “to divide, to sympathize.” Compassion as a sharing-out of feeling.
samastabhūteṣu (समस्तभूतेषु): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” sam- (“together”) + astabhūteṣu.
titikṣā (तितिक्षा): titikṣā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nābhimānitā (नाभिमानिता): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
satyaṃ (सत्यं): being-true; From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.
śaucam (शौचम्): clean-ness; From śuc, “to gleam, to be clean.” Clean-ness.
anāyāso (अनायासो): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” a- (“not”) + nāyāso.
maṅgalaṃ (मङ्गलं): maṅgalaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
priyavāditā (प्रियवादिता): priyavāditā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

शरीरं या तृतीयेन स्वशुभेनापि कर्मणा

śarīraṃ yā tṛtīyena svaśubhenāpi karmaṇā

[3.8.35.15:1] the breakable frame action

Word make-up

śarīraṃ (शरीरं): the breakable frame; From śṝ, “to crush, to break apart” (that which is liable to break), or from śri “to lean.” The breakable frame.
yā (या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tṛtīyena (तृतीयेन): tṛtīyena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
svaśubhenāpi (स्वशुभेनापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
karmaṇā (कर्मणा): action; Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.

अत्यन्तं न तु कर्तव्यम् अनायासः स उच्यते

atyantaṃ na tu kartavyam anāyāsaḥ sa ucyate

[3.8.35.15:2] not but he is called

Word make-up

atyantaṃ (अत्यन्तं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + tyantaṃ.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kartavyam (कर्तव्यम्): kartavyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anāyāsaḥ (अनायासः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” a- (“not”) + nāyāsaḥ.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
ucyate (उच्यते): is called; Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.

मैत्र्य् अस्पृहा तथा तद्वद् अकार्पण्यं नरेश्वर अनसूया च सामान्या वर्णानां कथिता गुणाः

maitry aspṛhā tathā tadvad akārpaṇyaṃ nareśvara anasūyā ca sāmānyā varṇānāṃ kathitā guṇāḥ

[3.8.36] so a- (“not”) + kārpaṇyaṃ and colour-class strands

Word make-up

maitry (मैत्र्य्): maitry is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aspṛhā (अस्पृहा): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + spṛhā.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tadvad (तद्वद्): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
akārpaṇyaṃ (अकार्पण्यं): a- (“not”) + kārpaṇyaṃ; a- (“not”) + kārpaṇyaṃ.
nareśvara (नरेश्वर): nareśvara is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anasūyā (अनसूया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + nasūyā.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sāmānyā (सामान्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
varṇānāṃ (वर्णानां): colour-class; From vṛ, “to cover, to choose.” Colour, covering, then class as a covering-name.
kathitā (कथिता): kathitā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
guṇāḥ (गुणाः): strands; guṇa: strand, constituent thread of experience.

आश्रमाणां च सर्वेषाम् एते सामान्यलक्षणाः गुणांस् तथापद्धर्मांश् च विप्रादीनाम् इमाञ् छृणु

āśramāṇāṃ ca sarveṣām ete sāmānyalakṣaṇāḥ guṇāṃs tathāpaddharmāṃś ca viprādīnām imāñ chṛṇu

[3.8.37] and of all these and vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prādīnām

Word make-up

āśramāṇāṃ (आश्रमाणां): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + śramāṇāṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sarveṣām (सर्वेषाम्): of all; Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
sāmānyalakṣaṇāḥ (सामान्यलक्षणाः): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
guṇāṃs (गुणांस्): guṇāṃs is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathāpaddharmāṃś (तथापद्धर्मांश्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
viprādīnām (विप्रादीनाम्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prādīnām; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prādīnām.
imāñ (इमाञ्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
chṛṇu (छृणु): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.”

क्षात्रं कर्म द्विजस्योक्तं वैश्यकर्म तथापदि राजन्यस्य च वैश्योक्तं शूद्रकर्म न चैतयोः

kṣātraṃ karma dvijasyoktaṃ vaiśyakarma tathāpadi rājanyasya ca vaiśyoktaṃ śūdrakarma na caitayoḥ

[3.8.38] action and not

Word make-up

kṣātraṃ (क्षात्रं): kṣātraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
karma (कर्म): action; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” The deed, the doing. Not “fate” and not “ritual” unless the verse is about offering.
dvijasyoktaṃ (द्विजस्योक्तं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vaiśyakarma (वैश्यकर्म): vaiśyakarma is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathāpadi (तथापदि): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
rājanyasya (राजन्यस्य): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vaiśyoktaṃ (वैश्योक्तं): vaiśyoktaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śūdrakarma (शूद्रकर्म): śūdrakarma is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
caitayoḥ (चैतयोः): caitayoḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

सामर्थ्ये सति तत् त्याज्यम् उभाभ्याम् अपि पार्थिव तद् एवापदि कर्तव्यं न कुर्यात् कर्मसंकरम्

sāmarthye sati tat tyājyam ubhābhyām api pārthiva tad evāpadi kartavyaṃ na kuryāt karmasaṃkaram

[3.8.39] what is that also that not doing

Word make-up

sāmarthye (सामर्थ्ये): sāmarthye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sati (सति): what is; Inflected from sat. Present participle of as, “to be”: “being, what is.”
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
tyājyam (त्याज्यम्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ubhābhyām (उभाभ्याम्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”
pārthiva (पार्थिव): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
evāpadi (एवापदि): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
kartavyaṃ (कर्तव्यं): kartavyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
kuryāt (कुर्यात्): doing; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” To do; having done; doing.
karmasaṃkaram (कर्मसंकरम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

इत्य् एते कथिता राजन् वर्णधर्मा मया तव धर्मम् आश्रमिणां सम्यग् ब्रुवतो मे निशामय

ity ete kathitā rājan varṇadharmā mayā tava dharmam āśramiṇāṃ samyag bruvato me niśāmaya

[3.8.40] these king by me your that which holds sam- (“together”) + yag my ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya

Word make-up

ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
kathitā (कथिता): kathitā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rājan (राजन्): king; From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king.
varṇadharmā (वर्णधर्मा): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
mayā (मया): by me; Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
tava (तव): your; Genitive of yuṣmad: “your.”
dharmam (धर्मम्): that which holds; From dhṛ, “to hold, to uphold.” That which holds, the holding: law, right, the way a thing is held in place. Not a one-word “religion.”
āśramiṇāṃ (आश्रमिणां): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + śramiṇāṃ.
samyag (सम्यग्): sam- (“together”) + yag; sam- (“together”) + yag.
bruvato (ब्रुवतो): bruvato is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
niśāmaya (निशामय): ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya; ni- (“down, in”) + śāmaya.

Viṣṇu Purāṇa

Tṛtīya Aṃśa, Aṣṭama Adhyāya

Devanagari scan