Dvitīya Aṃśa, Ṣoḍaśa Adhyāya
Viṣṇu Purāṇa · Word senses (50)
English uses glossary phrases; only names stay in Sanskrit. Hover or tap words in the IAST line, or open Word make-up under each verse. Word senses lists every noun in this chapter.
Devanagari scan
From your Viṣṇucittīya edition (Oriental Institute, 1972). Open PDF
इति श्रीविष्णुपुराणे द्वितीये ऽंशे पञ्चदशो ऽध्यायः ऋभुर् वर्षसहस्रे तु समतीते नरेश्वर निदाघज्ञानदानाय तद् एव नगरं ययौ
[[iti[[iti (इति)[[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse. śrīviṣṇupurāṇeśrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे)The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” dvitīyedvitīye (द्वितीये)dvitīye is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'ṃśe'ṃśe (ऽंशे)'ṃśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse. pañcadaśopañcadaśo (पञ्चदशो)pañcadaśo is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'dhyāyaḥ'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः)The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ]]]]]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse. ṛbhurṛbhur (ऋभुर्)The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.” varṣasahasrevarṣasahasre (वर्षसहस्रे)The core matches the root as, “to be.” tutu (तु)Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast. samatītesamatīte (समतीते)sam- (“together”) + atīte. nareśvaranareśvara (नरेश्वर)nareśvara is used as a grammatical form in this verse. nidāghajñānadānāyanidāghajñānadānāya (निदाघज्ञानदानाय)The core matches the root jñā, “to know.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghajñānadānāya. tadtad (तद्)Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. evaeva (एव)Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.” nagaraṃnagaraṃ (नगरं)nagaraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. yayauyayau (ययौ)yayau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
[2.16.1] but sam- (“together”) + atīte that just
Word make-up
- [[iti (इति)
- [[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- śrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे)
- The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
- dvitīye (द्वितीये)
- dvitīye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'ṃśe (ऽंशे)
- 'ṃśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- pañcadaśo (पञ्चदशो)
- pañcadaśo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः)
- The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
- ]]
- ]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ṛbhur (ऋभुर्)
- The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
- varṣasahasre (वर्षसहस्रे)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.”
- tu (तु)
- but
- Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
- samatīte (समतीते)
- sam- (“together”) + atīte
- sam- (“together”) + atīte.
- nareśvara (नरेश्वर)
- nareśvara is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- nidāghajñānadānāya (निदाघज्ञानदानाय)
- The core matches the root jñā, “to know.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghajñānadānāya.
- tad (तद्)
- that
- Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
- eva (एव)
- just
- Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
- nagaraṃ (नगरं)
- nagaraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- yayau (ययौ)
- yayau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
नगरस्य बहिः सो ऽथ निदाघं ददृशे मुनिः महाबलपरीवारे पुरं विशति पार्थिवे
nagarasyanagarasya (नगरस्य)The core matches the root as, “to be.” bahiḥbahiḥ (बहिः)Indeclinable: “outside.” soso (सो)so is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'tha'tha (ऽथ)'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse. nidāghaṃnidāghaṃ (निदाघं)The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaṃ. dadṛśedadṛśe (ददृशे)The core matches the root dṛś, “to see.” muniḥmuniḥ (मुनिः)From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one. mahābalaparīvāremahābalaparīvāre (महाबलपरीवारे)mahābalaparīvāre is used as a grammatical form in this verse. puraṃpuraṃ (पुरं)puraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. viśativiśati (विशति)The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śati. pārthivepārthive (पार्थिवे)The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
[2.16.2] outside silent thinker
Word make-up
- nagarasya (नगरस्य)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.”
- bahiḥ (बहिः)
- outside
- Indeclinable: “outside.”
- so (सो)
- so is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'tha (ऽथ)
- 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- nidāghaṃ (निदाघं)
- The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaṃ.
- dadṛśe (ददृशे)
- The core matches the root dṛś, “to see.”
- muniḥ (मुनिः)
- silent thinker
- From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
- mahābalaparīvāre (महाबलपरीवारे)
- mahābalaparīvāre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- puraṃ (पुरं)
- puraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- viśati (विशति)
- The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śati.
- pārthive (पार्थिवे)
- The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
दूरे स्थितं महाभागं जनसंमर्दवर्जकम् क्षुत्क्षामकण्ठम् आयान्तम् अरण्यात् ससमित्कुशम्
dūredūre (दूरे)Locative of dūra: “in the far.” sthitaṃsthitaṃ (स्थितं)Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands. mahābhāgaṃmahābhāgaṃ (महाभागं)mahābhāgaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. janasaṃmardavarjakamjanasaṃmardavarjakam (जनसंमर्दवर्जकम्)The core matches the root kam, “to desire.” kṣutkṣāmakaṇṭhamkṣutkṣāmakaṇṭham (क्षुत्क्षामकण्ठम्)kṣutkṣāmakaṇṭham is used as a grammatical form in this verse. āyāntamāyāntam (आयान्तम्)The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + yāntam. araṇyātaraṇyāt (अरण्यात्)The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + raṇyāt. sasamitkuśamsasamitkuśam (ससमित्कुशम्)The core matches the root śam, “to be calm.”
[2.16.3] far standing
Word make-up
- dūre (दूरे)
- far
- Locative of dūra: “in the far.”
- sthitaṃ (स्थितं)
- standing
- Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
- mahābhāgaṃ (महाभागं)
- mahābhāgaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- janasaṃmardavarjakam (जनसंमर्दवर्जकम्)
- The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”
- kṣutkṣāmakaṇṭham (क्षुत्क्षामकण्ठम्)
- kṣutkṣāmakaṇṭham is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- āyāntam (आयान्तम्)
- The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + yāntam.
- araṇyāt (अरण्यात्)
- The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + raṇyāt.
- sasamitkuśam (ससमित्कुशम्)
- The core matches the root śam, “to be calm.”
दृष्ट्वा निदाघं स ऋभुर् उपगम्याभिवाद्य च उवाच कस्माद् एकान्ते स्थीयते भवता द्विज
dṛṣṭvādṛṣṭvā (दृष्ट्वा)From dṛś, “to see” (present paśya-). Sees; see!; I see; seeing; to see; having seen. nidāghaṃnidāghaṃ (निदाघं)The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaṃ. sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” ṛbhurṛbhur (ऋभुर्)The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.” upagamyābhivādyaupagamyābhivādya (उपगम्याभिवाद्य)The core matches the root gam, “to go.” upa- (“near, toward”) + gamyābhivādya. caca (च)Enclitic particle: “and, also.” uvācauvāca (उवाच)Perfect of vac, “to speak.” He said. kasmādkasmād (कस्माद्)The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” ekānteekānte (एकान्ते)ekānte is used as a grammatical form in this verse. sthīyatesthīyate (स्थीयते)sthīyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse. bhavatābhavatā (भवता)bhavatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse. dvijadvija (द्विज)dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
[2.16.4] seeing he and said twice-born
Word make-up
- dṛṣṭvā (दृष्ट्वा)
- seeing
- From dṛś, “to see” (present paśya-). Sees; see!; I see; seeing; to see; having seen.
- nidāghaṃ (निदाघं)
- The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaṃ.
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- ṛbhur (ऋभुर्)
- The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
- upagamyābhivādya (उपगम्याभिवाद्य)
- The core matches the root gam, “to go.” upa- (“near, toward”) + gamyābhivādya.
- ca (च)
- and
- Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
- uvāca (उवाच)
- said
- Perfect of vac, “to speak.” He said.
- kasmād (कस्माद्)
- The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
- ekānte (एकान्ते)
- ekānte is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- sthīyate (स्थीयते)
- sthīyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- bhavatā (भवता)
- bhavatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- dvija (द्विज)
- twice-born
- dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
भो विप्र जनसंमर्दो महान् एष नरेश्वरे प्रविविक्षौ पुरं रम्यं तेनात्र स्थीयते मया
bhobho (भो)bho is used as a grammatical form in this verse. vipravipra (विप्र)vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra. janasaṃmardojanasaṃmardo (जनसंमर्दो)The core matches the root jan, “to be born.” mahānmahān (महान्)mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.” eṣaeṣa (एष)Masculine of etad: “this one.” nareśvarenareśvare (नरेश्वरे)nareśvare is used as a grammatical form in this verse. pravivikṣaupravivikṣau (प्रविविक्षौ)pra- (“forth, forward”) + vivikṣau. puraṃpuraṃ (पुरं)puraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. ramyaṃramyaṃ (रम्यं)The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” tenātratenātra (तेनात्र)tenātra is used as a grammatical form in this verse. sthīyatesthīyate (स्थीयते)sthīyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse. mayāmayā (मया)Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
[2.16.5] vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra great this one pra- (“forth, forward”) + vivikṣau by me
Word make-up
- bho (भो)
- bho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- vipra (विप्र)
- vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra
- vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
- janasaṃmardo (जनसंमर्दो)
- The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
- mahān (महान्)
- great
- mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
- eṣa (एष)
- this one
- Masculine of etad: “this one.”
- nareśvare (नरेश्वरे)
- nareśvare is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- pravivikṣau (प्रविविक्षौ)
- pra- (“forth, forward”) + vivikṣau
- pra- (“forth, forward”) + vivikṣau.
- puraṃ (पुरं)
- puraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ramyaṃ (रम्यं)
- The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
- tenātra (तेनात्र)
- tenātra is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- sthīyate (स्थीयते)
- sthīyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- mayā (मया)
- by me
- Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
नराधिपो ऽत्र कतमः कतमश् चेतरो जनः कथ्यतां मे द्विजश्रेष्ठ त्वम् अभिज्ञो मतो मम
narādhiponarādhipo (नराधिपो)narādhipo is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'tra'tra (ऽत्र)'tra is used as a grammatical form in this verse. katamaḥkatamaḥ (कतमः)katamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. katamaśkatamaś (कतमश्)katamaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse. cetarocetaro (चेतरो)cetaro is used as a grammatical form in this verse. janaḥjanaḥ (जनः)The core matches the root jan, “to be born.” kathyatāṃkathyatāṃ (कथ्यतां)kathyatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. meme (मे)Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.” dvijaśreṣṭhadvijaśreṣṭha (द्विजश्रेष्ठ)dvijaśreṣṭha is used as a grammatical form in this verse. tvamtvam (त्वम्)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” abhijñoabhijño (अभिज्ञो)abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + jño. matomato (मतो)Inflected from mat. mad-/mat- from asmad, the “I” stem: my, of me, coming from me. mamamama (मम)Genitive of asmad: “of me, my.”
[2.16.6] my you abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + jño my my
Word make-up
- narādhipo (नराधिपो)
- narādhipo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'tra (ऽत्र)
- 'tra is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- katamaḥ (कतमः)
- katamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- katamaś (कतमश्)
- katamaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- cetaro (चेतरो)
- cetaro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- janaḥ (जनः)
- The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
- kathyatāṃ (कथ्यतां)
- kathyatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- me (मे)
- my
- Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
- dvijaśreṣṭha (द्विजश्रेष्ठ)
- dvijaśreṣṭha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- tvam (त्वम्)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- abhijño (अभिज्ञो)
- abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + jño
- abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + jño.
- mato (मतो)
- my
- Inflected from mat. mad-/mat- from asmad, the “I” stem: my, of me, coming from me.
- mama (मम)
- my
- Genitive of asmad: “of me, my.”
यो ऽयं गजेन्द्रम् उन्मत्तम् अद्रिशृङ्गसमुच्छ्रितम् अधिरूढो नरेन्द्रो ऽयं परिलोकस् तथेतरः
yoyo (यो)yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'yaṃ'yaṃ (ऽयं)'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. gajendramgajendram (गजेन्द्रम्)The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” unmattamunmattam (उन्मत्तम्)unmattam is used as a grammatical form in this verse. adriśṛṅgasamucchritamadriśṛṅgasamucchritam (अद्रिशृङ्गसमुच्छ्रितम्)The core matches the root muc, “to release.” a- (“not”) + driśṛṅgasamucchritam. adhirūḍhoadhirūḍho (अधिरूढो)adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + rūḍho. narendronarendro (नरेन्द्रो)narendro is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'yaṃ'yaṃ (ऽयं)'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. parilokasparilokas (परिलोकस्)pari- (“around”) joined to lokas. From lok / ruc, “to see, to shine.” A seen-world; a realm that appears. Not just “people.” Together the form means pari + that sense. tathetaraḥtathetaraḥ (तथेतरः)tathetaraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
[2.16.7] adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + rūḍho world
Word make-up
- yo (यो)
- yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'yaṃ (ऽयं)
- 'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- gajendram (गजेन्द्रम्)
- The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
- unmattam (उन्मत्तम्)
- unmattam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- adriśṛṅgasamucchritam (अद्रिशृङ्गसमुच्छ्रितम्)
- The core matches the root muc, “to release.” a- (“not”) + driśṛṅgasamucchritam.
- adhirūḍho (अधिरूढो)
- adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + rūḍho
- adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + rūḍho.
- narendro (नरेन्द्रो)
- narendro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'yaṃ (ऽयं)
- 'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- parilokas (परिलोकस्)
- world
- pari- (“around”) joined to lokas. From lok / ruc, “to see, to shine.” A seen-world; a realm that appears. Not just “people.” Together the form means pari + that sense.
- tathetaraḥ (तथेतरः)
- tathetaraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
एतौ हि गजराजानौ युगपद् दर्शितौ मम भवता न विशेषेण पृथक्चिह्नोपलक्षणौ
etauetau (एतौ)etau is used as a grammatical form in this verse. hihi (हि)Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis. gajarājānaugajarājānau (गजराजानौ)The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.” yugapadyugapad (युगपद्)The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” darśitaudarśitau (दर्शितौ)darśitau is used as a grammatical form in this verse. mamamama (मम)Genitive of asmad: “of me, my.” bhavatābhavatā (भवता)bhavatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse. nana (न)Negation: “not.” viśeṣeṇaviśeṣeṇa (विशेषेण)The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śeṣeṇa. pṛthakcihnopalakṣaṇaupṛthakcihnopalakṣaṇau (पृथक्चिह्नोपलक्षणौ)pṛthakcihnopalakṣaṇau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
[2.16.8] for my not
Word make-up
- etau (एतौ)
- etau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- hi (हि)
- for
- Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
- gajarājānau (गजराजानौ)
- The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
- yugapad (युगपद्)
- The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
- darśitau (दर्शितौ)
- darśitau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- mama (मम)
- my
- Genitive of asmad: “of me, my.”
- bhavatā (भवता)
- bhavatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- na (न)
- not
- Negation: “not.”
- viśeṣeṇa (विशेषेण)
- The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śeṣeṇa.
- pṛthakcihnopalakṣaṇau (पृथक्चिह्नोपलक्षणौ)
- pṛthakcihnopalakṣaṇau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
तत् कथ्यतां महाभाग विशेषो भवतानयोः ज्ञातुम् इच्छाम्य् अहं को ऽत्र गजः को वा नराधिपः
tattat (तत्)Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. kathyatāṃkathyatāṃ (कथ्यतां)kathyatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. mahābhāgamahābhāga (महाभाग)mahābhāga is used as a grammatical form in this verse. viśeṣoviśeṣo (विशेषो)The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śeṣo. bhavatānayoḥbhavatānayoḥ (भवतानयोः)bhavatānayoḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. jñātumjñātum (ज्ञातुम्)The core matches the root jñā, “to know.” icchāmyicchāmy (इच्छाम्य्)icchāmy is used as a grammatical form in this verse. ahaṃahaṃ (अहं)Nominative of asmad: “I.” koko (को)ko is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'tra'tra (ऽत्र)'tra is used as a grammatical form in this verse. gajaḥgajaḥ (गजः)gajaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. koko (को)ko is used as a grammatical form in this verse. vāvā (वा)Particle: “or.” narādhipaḥnarādhipaḥ (नराधिपः)narādhipaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
[2.16.9] that I or
Word make-up
- tat (तत्)
- that
- Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
- kathyatāṃ (कथ्यतां)
- kathyatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- mahābhāga (महाभाग)
- mahābhāga is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- viśeṣo (विशेषो)
- The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śeṣo.
- bhavatānayoḥ (भवतानयोः)
- bhavatānayoḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- jñātum (ज्ञातुम्)
- The core matches the root jñā, “to know.”
- icchāmy (इच्छाम्य्)
- icchāmy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ahaṃ (अहं)
- ”
- Nominative of asmad: “I.”
- ko (को)
- ko is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'tra (ऽत्र)
- 'tra is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- gajaḥ (गजः)
- gajaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ko (को)
- ko is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- vā (वा)
- or
- Particle: “or.”
- narādhipaḥ (नराधिपः)
- narādhipaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
गजो यो ऽयम् अधो ब्रह्मन्न् उपर्य् अस्यैव भूपतिः वाह्यवाहकसंबन्धं को न जानाति वै द्विज
gajogajo (गजो)gajo is used as a grammatical form in this verse. yoyo (यो)yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'yam'yam (ऽयम्)'yam is used as a grammatical form in this verse. adhoadho (अधो)Inflected from adha. Indeclinable: “below.” brahmannbrahmann (ब्रह्मन्न्)The core matches the root man, “to think.” uparyupary (उपर्य्)upary is used as a grammatical form in this verse. asyaivaasyaiva (अस्यैव)The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + syaiva. bhūpatiḥbhūpatiḥ (भूपतिः)The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” vāhyavāhakasaṃbandhaṃvāhyavāhakasaṃbandhaṃ (वाह्यवाहकसंबन्धं)The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.” koko (को)ko is used as a grammatical form in this verse. nana (न)Negation: “not.” jānātijānāti (जानाति)From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known. vaivai (वै)Particle of emphasis: “indeed.” dvijadvija (द्विज)dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
[2.16.10] below not knowing indeed twice-born
Word make-up
- gajo (गजो)
- gajo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- yo (यो)
- yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'yam (ऽयम्)
- 'yam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- adho (अधो)
- below
- Inflected from adha. Indeclinable: “below.”
- brahmann (ब्रह्मन्न्)
- The core matches the root man, “to think.”
- upary (उपर्य्)
- upary is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- asyaiva (अस्यैव)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + syaiva.
- bhūpatiḥ (भूपतिः)
- The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
- vāhyavāhakasaṃbandhaṃ (वाह्यवाहकसंबन्धं)
- The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”
- ko (को)
- ko is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- na (न)
- not
- Negation: “not.”
- jānāti (जानाति)
- knowing
- From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
- vai (वै)
- indeed
- Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
- dvija (द्विज)
- twice-born
- dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
जानाम्य् अहं यथा ब्रह्मंस् तथा माम् अवबोधय अधःशब्दनिगद्यं किं किं चोर्ध्वम् अभिधीयते
jānāmyjānāmy (जानाम्य्)jānāmy is used as a grammatical form in this verse. ahaṃahaṃ (अहं)Nominative of asmad: “I.” yathāyathā (यथा)ya- + thā: “in which way, as.” brahmaṃsbrahmaṃs (ब्रह्मंस्)brahmaṃs is used as a grammatical form in this verse. tathātathā (तथा)ta- + thā: “in that way, so.” māmmām (माम्)Accusative of asmad: “me.” avabodhayaavabodhaya (अवबोधय)ava- (“down, off”) + bodhaya. adhaḥśabdanigadyaṃadhaḥśabdanigadyaṃ (अधःशब्दनिगद्यं)The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + dhaḥśabdanigadyaṃ. kiṃkiṃ (किं)Neuter interrogative: “what? why?” kiṃkiṃ (किं)Neuter interrogative: “what? why?” cordhvamcordhvam (चोर्ध्वम्)cordhvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse. abhidhīyateabhidhīyate (अभिधीयते)The core matches the root bhid, “to split.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + dhīyate.
[2.16.11] I as so me ava- (“down, off”) + bodhaya what what
Word make-up
- jānāmy (जानाम्य्)
- jānāmy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ahaṃ (अहं)
- ”
- Nominative of asmad: “I.”
- yathā (यथा)
- as
- ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
- brahmaṃs (ब्रह्मंस्)
- brahmaṃs is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- tathā (तथा)
- so
- ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
- mām (माम्)
- me
- Accusative of asmad: “me.”
- avabodhaya (अवबोधय)
- ava- (“down, off”) + bodhaya
- ava- (“down, off”) + bodhaya.
- adhaḥśabdanigadyaṃ (अधःशब्दनिगद्यं)
- The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + dhaḥśabdanigadyaṃ.
- kiṃ (किं)
- what
- Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
- kiṃ (किं)
- what
- Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
- cordhvam (चोर्ध्वम्)
- cordhvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते)
- The core matches the root bhid, “to split.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + dhīyate.
इत्य् उक्तः सहसारुह्य निदाघः प्राह तम् ऋभुम् श्रूयतां कथयाम्य् एष यन् मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि
ityity (इत्य्)ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse. uktaḥuktaḥ (उक्तः)Past participle of vac: said. sahasāruhyasahasāruhya (सहसारुह्य)The core matches the root as, “to be.” nidāghaḥnidāghaḥ (निदाघः)The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaḥ. prāhaprāha (प्राह)pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth. tamtam (तम्)Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.” ṛbhumṛbhum (ऋभुम्)The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.” śrūyatāṃśrūyatāṃ (श्रूयतां)śrūyatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. kathayāmykathayāmy (कथयाम्य्)The core matches the root yā, “to go.” eṣaeṣa (एष)Masculine of etad: “this one.” yanyan (यन्)The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” māṃmāṃ (मां)Accusative of asmad: “me.” tvaṃtvaṃ (त्वं)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” paripṛcchasiparipṛcchasi (परिपृच्छसि)The core matches the root as, “to be.” pari- (“around”) + pṛcchasi.
[2.16.12] said spoken forth him this one me you
Word make-up
- ity (इत्य्)
- ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- uktaḥ (उक्तः)
- said
- Past participle of vac: said.
- sahasāruhya (सहसारुह्य)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.”
- nidāghaḥ (निदाघः)
- The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaḥ.
- prāha (प्राह)
- spoken forth
- pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
- tam (तम्)
- him
- Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
- ṛbhum (ऋभुम्)
- The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
- śrūyatāṃ (श्रूयतां)
- śrūyatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- kathayāmy (कथयाम्य्)
- The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
- eṣa (एष)
- this one
- Masculine of etad: “this one.”
- yan (यन्)
- The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
- māṃ (मां)
- me
- Accusative of asmad: “me.”
- tvaṃ (त्वं)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- paripṛcchasi (परिपृच्छसि)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.” pari- (“around”) + pṛcchasi.
उपर्य् अहं यथा राजा त्वम् अधः कुञ्जरो यथा अवबोधाय ते ब्रह्मन् दृष्टान्तो दर्शितो मया
uparyupary (उपर्य्)upary is used as a grammatical form in this verse. ahaṃahaṃ (अहं)Nominative of asmad: “I.” yathāyathā (यथा)ya- + thā: “in which way, as.” rājārājā (राजा)From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king. tvamtvam (त्वम्)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” adhaḥadhaḥ (अधः)Indeclinable: “below.” kuñjarokuñjaro (कुञ्जरो)kuñjaro is used as a grammatical form in this verse. yathāyathā (यथा)ya- + thā: “in which way, as.” avabodhāyaavabodhāya (अवबोधाय)The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” ava- (“down, off”) + bodhāya. tete (ते)Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse. brahmanbrahman (ब्रह्मन्)Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class. dṛṣṭāntodṛṣṭānto (दृष्टान्तो)dṛṣṭānto is used as a grammatical form in this verse. darśitodarśito (दर्शितो)darśito is used as a grammatical form in this verse. mayāmayā (मया)Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
[2.16.13] I as king you below as you that-which-is-vast (brahman) by me
Word make-up
- upary (उपर्य्)
- upary is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ahaṃ (अहं)
- ”
- Nominative of asmad: “I.”
- yathā (यथा)
- as
- ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
- rājā (राजा)
- king
- From rāj, “to shine, to rule.” The shining ruler; a king.
- tvam (त्वम्)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- adhaḥ (अधः)
- below
- Indeclinable: “below.”
- kuñjaro (कुञ्जरो)
- kuñjaro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- yathā (यथा)
- as
- ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
- avabodhāya (अवबोधाय)
- The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” ava- (“down, off”) + bodhāya.
- te (ते)
- you
- Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
- brahman (ब्रह्मन्)
- that-which-is-vast (brahman)
- Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
- dṛṣṭānto (दृष्टान्तो)
- dṛṣṭānto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- darśito (दर्शितो)
- darśito is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- mayā (मया)
- by me
- Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
त्वं राजेव द्विजश्रेष्ठ स्थितो ऽहं गजवद् यदि तद् एव त्वं ममाचक्ष्व कतमस् त्वम् अहं तथा
tvaṃtvaṃ (त्वं)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” rājevarājeva (राजेव)The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.” dvijaśreṣṭhadvijaśreṣṭha (द्विजश्रेष्ठ)dvijaśreṣṭha is used as a grammatical form in this verse. sthitosthito (स्थितो)Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands. 'haṃ'haṃ (ऽहं)'haṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. gajavadgajavad (गजवद्)The core matches the root vad, “to say.” yadiyadi (यदि)ya- + di: “if.” tadtad (तद्)Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. evaeva (एव)Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.” tvaṃtvaṃ (त्वं)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” mamācakṣvamamācakṣva (ममाचक्ष्व)The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” katamaskatamas (कतमस्)The core matches the root as, “to be.” tvamtvam (त्वम्)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” ahaṃahaṃ (अहं)Nominative of asmad: “I.” tathātathā (तथा)ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
[2.16.14] you standing if that just you you I so
Word make-up
- tvaṃ (त्वं)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- rājeva (राजेव)
- The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
- dvijaśreṣṭha (द्विजश्रेष्ठ)
- dvijaśreṣṭha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- sthito (स्थितो)
- standing
- Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
- 'haṃ (ऽहं)
- 'haṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- gajavad (गजवद्)
- The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
- yadi (यदि)
- if
- ya- + di: “if.”
- tad (तद्)
- that
- Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
- eva (एव)
- just
- Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
- tvaṃ (त्वं)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- mamācakṣva (ममाचक्ष्व)
- The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
- katamas (कतमस्)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.”
- tvam (त्वम्)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- ahaṃ (अहं)
- ”
- Nominative of asmad: “I.”
- tathā (तथा)
- so
- ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
इत्य् उक्तः सत्वरस् तस्य प्रगृह्य चरणाव् उभौ निदाघः प्राह भगवान् आचार्यस् त्वम् ऋभुर् ध्रुवम्
ityity (इत्य्)ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse. uktaḥuktaḥ (उक्तः)Past participle of vac: said. satvarassatvaras (सत्वरस्)The core matches the root as, “to be.” tasyatasya (तस्य)Genitive of tad: “of that, his.” pragṛhyapragṛhya (प्रगृह्य)pra- (“forth, forward”) + gṛhya. caraṇāvcaraṇāv (चरणाव्)The core matches the root car, “to move.” ubhauubhau (उभौ)ubha: both. nidāghaḥnidāghaḥ (निदाघः)The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaḥ. prāhaprāha (प्राह)pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth. bhagavānbhagavān (भगवान्)bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name. ācāryasācāryas (आचार्यस्)ā-car, “to go toward, to practice.” One who goes the way and shows it; the teacher by practice. tvamtvam (त्वम्)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” ṛbhurṛbhur (ऋभुर्)The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.” dhruvamdhruvam (ध्रुवम्)dhruvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
[2.16.15] said of that pra- (“forth, forward”) + gṛhya both spoken forth the Lord teacher you
Word make-up
- ity (इत्य्)
- ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- uktaḥ (उक्तः)
- said
- Past participle of vac: said.
- satvaras (सत्वरस्)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.”
- tasya (तस्य)
- of that
- Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
- pragṛhya (प्रगृह्य)
- pra- (“forth, forward”) + gṛhya
- pra- (“forth, forward”) + gṛhya.
- caraṇāv (चरणाव्)
- The core matches the root car, “to move.”
- ubhau (उभौ)
- both
- ubha: both.
- nidāghaḥ (निदाघः)
- The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaḥ.
- prāha (प्राह)
- spoken forth
- pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
- bhagavān (भगवान्)
- the Lord
- bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
- ācāryas (आचार्यस्)
- teacher
- ā-car, “to go toward, to practice.” One who goes the way and shows it; the teacher by practice.
- tvam (त्वम्)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- ṛbhur (ऋभुर्)
- The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
- dhruvam (ध्रुवम्)
- dhruvam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
नान्यस्याद्वैतसंस्कारसंस्कृतं मानसं तथा यथाचार्यस्य तेन त्वां मन्ये प्राप्तम् अहं गुरुम्
nānyasyādvaitasaṃskārasaṃskṛtaṃnānyasyādvaitasaṃskārasaṃskṛtaṃ (नान्यस्याद्वैतसंस्कारसंस्कृतं)The core matches the root yā, “to go.” mānasaṃmānasaṃ (मानसं)The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” tathātathā (तथा)ta- + thā: “in that way, so.” yathācāryasyayathācāryasya (यथाचार्यस्य)The core matches the root as, “to be.” tenatena (तेन)Instrumental of tad: “by that.” tvāṃtvāṃ (त्वां)Accusative of yuṣmad: “you.” manyemanye (मन्ये)From man, “to think.” Thinks; I think; thought. prāptamprāptam (प्राप्तम्)The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ahaṃahaṃ (अहं)Nominative of asmad: “I.” gurumgurum (गुरुम्)guru: heavy, weighty. Then the weighty one, the teacher whose word has weight.
[2.16.16] so by that you thinks I the weighty one
Word make-up
- nānyasyādvaitasaṃskārasaṃskṛtaṃ (नान्यस्याद्वैतसंस्कारसंस्कृतं)
- The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
- mānasaṃ (मानसं)
- The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
- tathā (तथा)
- so
- ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
- yathācāryasya (यथाचार्यस्य)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.”
- tena (तेन)
- by that
- Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
- tvāṃ (त्वां)
- you
- Accusative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- manye (मन्ये)
- thinks
- From man, “to think.” Thinks; I think; thought.
- prāptam (प्राप्तम्)
- The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
- ahaṃ (अहं)
- ”
- Nominative of asmad: “I.”
- gurum (गुरुम्)
- the weighty one
- guru: heavy, weighty. Then the weighty one, the teacher whose word has weight.
तवोपदेशदानाय पूर्वशुश्रूषणादृतः गुरुस् ते ऽहम् ऋभुर् नाम्ना निदाघ समुपागतः
tavopadeśadānāyatavopadeśadānāya (तवोपदेशदानाय)The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” pūrvaśuśrūṣaṇādṛtaḥpūrvaśuśrūṣaṇādṛtaḥ (पूर्वशुश्रूषणादृतः)The core matches the root pū, “to purify.” gurusgurus (गुरुस्)guru: heavy, weighty. Then the weighty one, the teacher whose word has weight. tete (ते)Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse. 'ham'ham (ऽहम्)'ham is used as a grammatical form in this verse. ṛbhurṛbhur (ऋभुर्)The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.” nāmnānāmnā (नाम्ना)Inflected from nāmna. nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name. nidāghanidāgha (निदाघ)The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāgha. samupāgataḥsamupāgataḥ (समुपागतः)The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” sam- (“together”) + upāgataḥ.
[2.16.17] the weighty one you name
Word make-up
- tavopadeśadānāya (तवोपदेशदानाय)
- The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
- pūrvaśuśrūṣaṇādṛtaḥ (पूर्वशुश्रूषणादृतः)
- The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
- gurus (गुरुस्)
- the weighty one
- guru: heavy, weighty. Then the weighty one, the teacher whose word has weight.
- te (ते)
- you
- Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
- 'ham (ऽहम्)
- 'ham is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ṛbhur (ऋभुर्)
- The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
- nāmnā (नाम्ना)
- name
- Inflected from nāmna. nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
- nidāgha (निदाघ)
- The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāgha.
- samupāgataḥ (समुपागतः)
- The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” sam- (“together”) + upāgataḥ.
तद् एतद् उपदिष्टं ते संक्षेपेण महामते परमार्थसारभूतं यद् अद्वैतम् अशेषतः
tadtad (तद्)Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. etadetad (एतद्)Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad. upadiṣṭaṃupadiṣṭaṃ (उपदिष्टं)The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” upa- (“near, toward”) + diṣṭaṃ. tete (ते)Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse. saṃkṣepeṇasaṃkṣepeṇa (संक्षेपेण)saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa. mahāmatemahāmate (महामते)mahāmate is used as a grammatical form in this verse. paramārthasārabhūtaṃparamārthasārabhūtaṃ (परमार्थसारभूतं)The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” yadyad (यद्)Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-. advaitamadvaitam (अद्वैतम्)a- (“not”) + dvaitam. aśeṣataḥaśeṣataḥ (अशेषतः)a- (“not”) + śeṣataḥ.
[2.16.18] that this you saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa which a- (“not”) + dvaitam a- (“not”) + śeṣataḥ
Word make-up
- tad (तद्)
- that
- Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
- etad (एतद्)
- this
- Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
- upadiṣṭaṃ (उपदिष्टं)
- The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” upa- (“near, toward”) + diṣṭaṃ.
- te (ते)
- you
- Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
- saṃkṣepeṇa (संक्षेपेण)
- saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa
- saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepeṇa.
- mahāmate (महामते)
- mahāmate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- paramārthasārabhūtaṃ (परमार्थसारभूतं)
- The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
- yad (यद्)
- which
- Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
- advaitam (अद्वैतम्)
- a- (“not”) + dvaitam
- a- (“not”) + dvaitam.
- aśeṣataḥ (अशेषतः)
- a- (“not”) + śeṣataḥ
- a- (“not”) + śeṣataḥ.
एवम् उक्त्वा ययौ विद्वान् निदाघं स ऋभुर् गुरुः निदाघो ऽप्य् उपदेशेन तेनाद्वैतपरो ऽभवत्
evamevam (एवम्)Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.” uktvāuktvā (उक्त्वा)Gerund of vac: “having said.” yayauyayau (ययौ)yayau is used as a grammatical form in this verse. vidvānvidvān (विद्वान्)The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dvān. nidāghaṃnidāghaṃ (निदाघं)The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaṃ. sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” ṛbhurṛbhur (ऋभुर्)The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.” guruḥguruḥ (गुरुः)guru: heavy, weighty. Then the weighty one, the teacher whose word has weight. nidāghonidāgho (निदाघो)The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāgho. 'py'py (ऽप्य्)'py is used as a grammatical form in this verse. upadeśenaupadeśena (उपदेशेन)The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” upa- (“near, toward”) + deśena. tenādvaitaparotenādvaitaparo (तेनाद्वैतपरो)The core matches the root tap, “to heat.” 'bhavat'bhavat (ऽभवत्)'bhavat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
[2.16.19] just having said he the weighty one
Word make-up
- evam (एवम्)
- just
- Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
- uktvā (उक्त्वा)
- having said
- Gerund of vac: “having said.”
- yayau (ययौ)
- yayau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- vidvān (विद्वान्)
- The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dvān.
- nidāghaṃ (निदाघं)
- The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāghaṃ.
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- ṛbhur (ऋभुर्)
- The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
- guruḥ (गुरुः)
- the weighty one
- guru: heavy, weighty. Then the weighty one, the teacher whose word has weight.
- nidāgho (निदाघो)
- The core matches the root dā, “to give.” ni- (“down, in”) + dāgho.
- 'py (ऽप्य्)
- 'py is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- upadeśena (उपदेशेन)
- The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” upa- (“near, toward”) + deśena.
- tenādvaitaparo (तेनाद्वैतपरो)
- The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
- 'bhavat (ऽभवत्)
- 'bhavat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
सर्वभूतान्य् अभेदेन ददृशे स तदात्मनः तथा ब्रह्म ततो मुक्तिम् अवाप परमां द्विजः
sarvabhūtānysarvabhūtāny (सर्वभूतान्य्)The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” abhedenaabhedena (अभेदेन)a- (“not”) + bhedena. dadṛśedadṛśe (ददृशे)The core matches the root dṛś, “to see.” sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” tadātmanaḥtadātmanaḥ (तदात्मनः)The core matches the root man, “to think.” tathātathā (तथा)ta- + thā: “in that way, so.” brahmabrahma (ब्रह्म)Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class. tatotato (ततो)Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. muktimmuktim (मुक्तिम्)muktim is used as a grammatical form in this verse. avāpaavāpa (अवाप)The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + vāpa. paramāṃparamāṃ (परमां)The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” dvijaḥdvijaḥ (द्विजः)dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
[2.16.20] a- (“not”) + bhedena he so that-which-is-vast (brahman) that twice-born
Word make-up
- sarvabhūtāny (सर्वभूतान्य्)
- The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
- abhedena (अभेदेन)
- a- (“not”) + bhedena
- a- (“not”) + bhedena.
- dadṛśe (ददृशे)
- The core matches the root dṛś, “to see.”
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- tadātmanaḥ (तदात्मनः)
- The core matches the root man, “to think.”
- tathā (तथा)
- so
- ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
- brahma (ब्रह्म)
- that-which-is-vast (brahman)
- Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
- tato (ततो)
- that
- Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
- muktim (मुक्तिम्)
- muktim is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- avāpa (अवाप)
- The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + vāpa.
- paramāṃ (परमां)
- The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
- dvijaḥ (द्विजः)
- twice-born
- dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
तथा त्वम् अपि धर्मज्ञ तुल्यात्मरिपुबान्धवः भव सर्वगतं जानन्न् आत्मानम् अवनीपते
tathātathā (तथा)ta- + thā: “in that way, so.” tvamtvam (त्वम्)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” apiapi (अपि)Particle: “also, even, though.” dharmajñadharmajña (धर्मज्ञ)dharmajña is used as a grammatical form in this verse. tulyātmaripubāndhavaḥtulyātmaripubāndhavaḥ (तुल्यात्मरिपुबान्धवः)The core matches the root yā, “to go.” bhavabhava (भव)Imperative of bhū: “be, become.” Also a noun: coming-to-be. sarvagataṃsarvagataṃ (सर्वगतं)sarvagataṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. jānannjānann (जानन्न्)The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” ātmānamātmānam (आत्मानम्)ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self. avanīpateavanīpate (अवनीपते)The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” ava- (“down, off”) + nīpate.
[2.16.21] so you also be the self
Word make-up
- tathā (तथा)
- so
- ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
- tvam (त्वम्)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- api (अपि)
- also
- Particle: “also, even, though.”
- dharmajña (धर्मज्ञ)
- dharmajña is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- tulyātmaripubāndhavaḥ (तुल्यात्मरिपुबान्धवः)
- The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
- bhava (भव)
- be
- Imperative of bhū: “be, become.” Also a noun: coming-to-be.
- sarvagataṃ (सर्वगतं)
- sarvagataṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- jānann (जानन्न्)
- The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
- ātmānam (आत्मानम्)
- the self
- ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
- avanīpate (अवनीपते)
- The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” ava- (“down, off”) + nīpate.
सितनीलादिभेदेन यथैकं दृश्यते नभः भ्रान्तदृष्टिभिर् आत्मापि तथैकः सन् पृथक् पृथक्
sitanīlādibhedenasitanīlādibhedena (सितनीलादिभेदेन)The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.” yathaikaṃyathaikaṃ (यथैकं)yathaikaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. dṛśyatedṛśyate (दृश्यते)Passive of dṛś: it is seen. nabhaḥnabhaḥ (नभः)nabhaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. bhrāntadṛṣṭibhirbhrāntadṛṣṭibhir (भ्रान्तदृष्टिभिर्)bhrāntadṛṣṭibhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse. ātmāpiātmāpi (आत्मापि)The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmāpi. tathaikaḥtathaikaḥ (तथैकः)tathaikaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. sansan (सन्)The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” pṛthakpṛthak (पृथक्)Indeclinable: “apart, separately.” pṛthakpṛthak (पृथक्)Indeclinable: “apart, separately.”
[2.16.22] is seen apart apart
Word make-up
- sitanīlādibhedena (सितनीलादिभेदेन)
- The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
- yathaikaṃ (यथैकं)
- yathaikaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- dṛśyate (दृश्यते)
- is seen
- Passive of dṛś: it is seen.
- nabhaḥ (नभः)
- nabhaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- bhrāntadṛṣṭibhir (भ्रान्तदृष्टिभिर्)
- bhrāntadṛṣṭibhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ātmāpi (आत्मापि)
- The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmāpi.
- tathaikaḥ (तथैकः)
- tathaikaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- san (सन्)
- The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
- pṛthak (पृथक्)
- apart
- Indeclinable: “apart, separately.”
- pṛthak (पृथक्)
- apart
- Indeclinable: “apart, separately.”
एकः समस्तं यद् इहास्ति किंचित् तद् अच्युतो वास्ति परं ततो ऽन्यत् सो ऽहं स च त्वं स च सर्वम् एतद् आत्मस्वरूपं त्यज भेदमोहम्
ekaḥekaḥ (एकः)eka: one. The one, a single. samastaṃsamastaṃ (समस्तं)The core matches the root as, “to be.” sam- (“together”) + astaṃ. yadyad (यद्)Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-. ihāstiihāsti (इहास्ति)The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” kiṃcitkiṃcit (किंचित्)The core matches the root cit, “to perceive, to notice.” tadtad (तद्)Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. acyutoacyuto (अच्युतो)Inflected from acyuta. a- (“not”) + cyuta (cyu, “to fall, to drop”). Unfallen; he who does not fall away. vāstivāsti (वास्ति)The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” paraṃparaṃ (परं)para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.” tatotato (ततो)Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. 'nyat'nyat (ऽन्यत्)'nyat is used as a grammatical form in this verse. soso (सो)so is used as a grammatical form in this verse. 'haṃ'haṃ (ऽहं)'haṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” caca (च)Enclitic particle: “and, also.” tvaṃtvaṃ (त्वं)Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.” sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” caca (च)Enclitic particle: “and, also.” sarvamsarvam (सर्वम्)sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover. etadetad (एतद्)Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad. ātmasvarūpaṃātmasvarūpaṃ (आत्मस्वरूपं)The core matches the root as, “to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmasvarūpaṃ. tyajatyaja (त्यज)Imperative of tyaj: leave! bhedamohambhedamoham (भेदमोहम्)The core matches the root dam, “to tame.”
[2.16.23] one which that acyuto beyond that he and you he and all this leave
Word make-up
- ekaḥ (एकः)
- one
- eka: one. The one, a single.
- samastaṃ (समस्तं)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.” sam- (“together”) + astaṃ.
- yad (यद्)
- which
- Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
- ihāsti (इहास्ति)
- The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
- kiṃcit (किंचित्)
- The core matches the root cit, “to perceive, to notice.”
- tad (तद्)
- that
- Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
- acyuto (अच्युतो)
- Unfallen; he who does not fall away
- Inflected from acyuta. a- (“not”) + cyuta (cyu, “to fall, to drop”). Unfallen; he who does not fall away.
- vāsti (वास्ति)
- The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
- paraṃ (परं)
- beyond
- para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
- tato (ततो)
- that
- Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
- 'nyat (ऽन्यत्)
- 'nyat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- so (सो)
- so is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- 'haṃ (ऽहं)
- 'haṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- ca (च)
- and
- Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
- tvaṃ (त्वं)
- you
- Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- ca (च)
- and
- Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
- sarvam (सर्वम्)
- all
- sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
- etad (एतद्)
- this
- Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
- ātmasvarūpaṃ (आत्मस्वरूपं)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmasvarūpaṃ.
- tyaja (त्यज)
- leave
- Imperative of tyaj: leave!
- bhedamoham (भेदमोहम्)
- The core matches the root dam, “to tame.”
इतीरितस् तेन स राजवर्यस् तत्याज भेदं परमार्थदृष्टिः स चापि जातिस्मरणाप्तबोधस् तत्रैव जन्मन्य् अपवर्गम् आप
itīritasitīritas (इतीरितस्)The core matches the root as, “to be.” tenatena (तेन)Instrumental of tad: “by that.” sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” rājavaryasrājavaryas (राजवर्यस्)The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.” tatyājatatyāja (तत्याज)The core matches the root yā, “to go.” bhedaṃbhedaṃ (भेदं)bhedaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. paramārthadṛṣṭiḥparamārthadṛṣṭiḥ (परमार्थदृष्टिः)The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” cāpicāpi (चापि)Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow. jātismaraṇāptabodhasjātismaraṇāptabodhas (जातिस्मरणाप्तबोधस्)The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” tatraivatatraiva (तत्रैव)tatraiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse. janmanyjanmany (जन्मन्य्)The core matches the root man, “to think.” apavargamapavargam (अपवर्गम्)The core matches the root gam, “to go.” apa- (“away”) + vargam. āpaāpa (आप)The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
[2.16.24] by that he he bow
Word make-up
- itīritas (इतीरितस्)
- The core matches the root as, “to be.”
- tena (तेन)
- by that
- Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- rājavaryas (राजवर्यस्)
- The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
- tatyāja (तत्याज)
- The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
- bhedaṃ (भेदं)
- bhedaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- paramārthadṛṣṭiḥ (परमार्थदृष्टिः)
- The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- cāpi (चापि)
- bow
- Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
- jātismaraṇāptabodhas (जातिस्मरणाप्तबोधस्)
- The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
- tatraiva (तत्रैव)
- tatraiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- janmany (जन्मन्य्)
- The core matches the root man, “to think.”
- apavargam (अपवर्गम्)
- The core matches the root gam, “to go.” apa- (“away”) + vargam.
- āpa (आप)
- The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
इति भरतनरेन्द्रसारवृत्तं कथयति यश् च शृणोति भक्तियुक्तः स विमलमतिर् एति नात्ममोहं भवति च संसरणेषु मुक्तियोग्यः
itiiti (इति)Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought. bharatanarendrasāravṛttaṃbharatanarendrasāravṛttaṃ (भरतनरेन्द्रसारवृत्तं)The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.” kathayatikathayati (कथयति)From kath, “to tell.” Tell!; tells. yaśyaś (यश्)yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse. caca (च)Enclitic particle: “and, also.” śṛṇotiśṛṇoti (शृणोति)From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard. bhaktiyuktaḥbhaktiyuktaḥ (भक्तियुक्तः)bhaktiyuktaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. sasa (स)Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.” vimalamatirvimalamatir (विमलमतिर्)vi- (“apart, asunder”) + malamatir. etieti (एति)eti is used as a grammatical form in this verse. nātmamohaṃnātmamohaṃ (नात्ममोहं)nātmamohaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse. bhavatibhavati (भवति)Present of bhū, “to be, to come to be.” It comes to be; it is. caca (च)Enclitic particle: “and, also.” saṃsaraṇeṣusaṃsaraṇeṣu (संसरणेषु)saṃ- (“together”) + saraṇeṣu. muktiyogyaḥmuktiyogyaḥ (मुक्तियोग्यः)muktiyogyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
[2.16.25] thus tell and hearing he vi- (“apart, asunder”) + malamatir it comes to be and saṃ- (“together”) + saraṇeṣu
Word make-up
- iti (इति)
- thus
- Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought.
- bharatanarendrasāravṛttaṃ (भरतनरेन्द्रसारवृत्तं)
- The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.”
- kathayati (कथयति)
- tell
- From kath, “to tell.” Tell!; tells.
- yaś (यश्)
- yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- ca (च)
- and
- Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
- śṛṇoti (शृणोति)
- hearing
- From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
- bhaktiyuktaḥ (भक्तियुक्तः)
- bhaktiyuktaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- sa (स)
- he
- Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
- vimalamatir (विमलमतिर्)
- vi- (“apart, asunder”) + malamatir
- vi- (“apart, asunder”) + malamatir.
- eti (एति)
- eti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- nātmamohaṃ (नात्ममोहं)
- nātmamohaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
- bhavati (भवति)
- it comes to be
- Present of bhū, “to be, to come to be.” It comes to be; it is.
- ca (च)
- and
- Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
- saṃsaraṇeṣu (संसरणेषु)
- saṃ- (“together”) + saraṇeṣu
- saṃ- (“together”) + saraṇeṣu.
- muktiyogyaḥ (मुक्तियोग्यः)
- muktiyogyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.