alpam(अल्पम्)
little
alpa: little, small.
Word senses
Dvitīya Aṃśa, Trayodaśa Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
anya(अन्य)
another
Inflected from anya. Nominative singular of anya: “another.”
anyathā(अन्यथा)
otherwise
anya + thā: “otherwise.”
anye(अन्ये)
others
Nominative plural of anya: “others.” From anya “other, not this.”
apaśyat(अपश्यत्)
apa- (“away”) + śyat
apa- (“away”) + śyat.
ātmā(आत्मा)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
ātman(आत्मन्)
the self
Inflected from ātman. ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
ātmanaḥ(आत्मनः)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
ātmānaṃ(आत्मानं)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
ātmapoṣaṇam(आत्मपोषणम्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmapoṣaṇam
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmapoṣaṇam.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
ayaṃ(अयं)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
bhūyaḥ(भूयः)
again
Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
brahman(ब्रह्मन्)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
cāpa(चाप)
bow
Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
deha(देह)
the body
Inflected from deha. From dih, “to smear, to plaster.” The plastered thing: the formed body.
dehin(देहिन्)
the embodied
Inflected from dehin. deha from dih, “to plaster”: the body. dehin is the one who has a body, the embodied.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
doṣa(दोष)
fault
Inflected from doṣa. From duṣ, “to spoil.” A fault; a spoiling.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijaḥ(द्विजः)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
eka(एक)
one
Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.
eṣa(एष)
this one
Inflected from eṣa. Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
etat(एतत्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gatvā(गत्वा)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
govinda name(गोविन्द)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
guṇā(गुणा)
strands
guṇa: strand, constituent thread of experience.
guṇeṣu(गुणेषु)
strands
guṇa: strand, constituent thread of experience.
jñānaṃ(ज्ञानं)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Knowing; the known-as-knowledge. Not a mystic glow: the act and fruit of knowing.
jñātvā(ज्ञात्वा)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
kālaṃ(कालं)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kālena(कालेन)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kaṃ(कं)
whom
Accusative of ka-: “whom?”
kāraṇam(कारणम्)
the causing
From kṛ: the causing; a cause as that which makes.
kāraṇaṃ(कारणं)
the causing
From kṛ: the causing; a cause as that which makes.
karmaṇa(कर्मण)
action
Inflected from karmaṇa. Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
karmaṇi(कर्मणि)
action
Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
karmāṇi(कर्माणि)
action
Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
katham(कथम्)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
kathaṃ(कथं)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
keśava name(केशव)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
kim(किम्)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kṛṣṇa(कृष्ण)
Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
kuru(कुरु)
Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
kuru: the Kuru people/line. Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
kurute(कुरुते)
does
From kṛ, “to do.” Does; you do!; do! (kuru can also vocative of Kuru).
kutaḥ(कुतः)
from where
From ku- + tas: “from where? why?”
mattaḥ(मत्तः)
from me
Ablative of asmad: from me.
muniḥ(मुनिः)
silent thinker
From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
naiva(नैव)
not at all
na “not” + eva “just.”
nama(नम)
a bow, salutation
Inflected from nama. From nam, “to bow.” A bow, salutation.
nara(नर)
a man
Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
niḥsaṅgo(निःसङ्गो)
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥsaṅgo
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥsaṅgo.
nimittaṃ(निमित्तं)
ni- (“down, in”) + mittaṃ
ni- (“down, in”) + mittaṃ.
nimnagātaṭam(निम्नगातटम्)
ni- (“down, in”) + mnagātaṭam
ni- (“down, in”) + mnagātaṭam.
nipuṇo(निपुणो)
ni- (“down, in”) + puṇo
ni- (“down, in”) + puṇo.
niśitaṃ(निशितं)
ni- (“down, in”) + śitaṃ
ni- (“down, in”) + śitaṃ.
pāpa(पाप)
ill-deed
Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
paraḥ(परः)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
parāṃ(परां)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
phalaṃ(फलं)
fruit
Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
pitā(पिता)
father
pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).
pituḥ(पितुः)
father
pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).
prakṛteḥ(प्रकृतेः)
the making-forth
pra- (“forth”) + kṛ (“to make”) + -ti. The making-forth.
prāṇa(प्राण)
forward-breath
Inflected from prāṇa. pra- (“forth”) + an, “to breathe.” Forward-breath; the breath of life.
prāpya(प्राप्य)
reaching
pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
prasādaṃ(प्रसादं)
settled-clearness
pra-sad, “to sit forth, to settle.” Settled clearness; grace as a settling-down of favour. Not a temple sweet.
praṣṭuṃ(प्रष्टुं)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṣṭuṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṣṭuṃ.
pratyakṣaṃ(प्रत्यक्षं)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + tyakṣaṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + tyakṣaṃ.
pravartate(प्रवर्तते)
turns
From vṛt, “to turn.” Turns, goes on. pra-vṛt: turns forth, starts.
prokta(प्रोक्त)
spoken forth
Inflected from prokta. pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
proktaṃ(प्रोक्तं)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
punaḥ(पुनः)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
punar(पुनर्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
punas(पुनस्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
sadā(सदा)
always
sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
samabhavat(समभवत्)
sam- (“together”) + abhavat
sam- (“together”) + abhavat.
samaṃ(समं)
even
sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
samas(समस्)
even
sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
saṃjñā(संज्ञा)
named
Inflected from saṃjñā. sam-jñā, “together-know”: a name, a designation. sañjñita: named.
saṃsārāt(संसारात्)
saṃ- (“together”) + sārāt
saṃ- (“together”) + sārāt.
saṃsāre(संसारे)
the flowing-on
sam- (“together”) + sṛ, “to flow, to run.” The flowing-together; the wandering-on.
samyag(सम्यग्)
sam- (“together”) + yag
sam- (“together”) + yag.
sarva(सर्व)
all
Inflected from sarva. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvaṃ(सर्वं)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvas(सर्वस्)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvatra(सर्वत्र)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
siṃha(सिंह)
lion
Inflected from siṃha. siṃha: lion.
śiras(शिरस्)
head
śiras: head. mūrdhan: head, peak.
śreṣṭhas(श्रेष्ठस्)
most excellent
Superlative of śrī-related “excellent.” The most excellent.
śreyaḥ(श्रेयः)
the better
Comparative of śrī / śrī- related “better, more splendid.” The better; what is more excellent.
sthita(स्थित)
standing
Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthitaḥ(स्थितः)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
suciraṃ(सुचिरं)
su- (“well, good”) + ciraṃ
su- (“well, good”) + ciraṃ.
sukhaduḥkhopabhogau(सुखदुःखोपभोगौ)
su- (“well, good”) + khaduḥkhopabhogau
su- (“well, good”) + khaduḥkhopabhogau.
svayam(स्वयम्)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
tadā(तदा)
then
ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tathaiva(तथैव)
likewise
tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
tattva(तत्त्व)
that-ness
Inflected from tattva. tad + tva: that-ness; the being-that of a thing. tattvataḥ: from that-ness, in reality as that.
tvayi(त्वयि)
in you
Locative of yuṣmad: “in you.”
udvignaḥ(उद्विग्नः)
ud- (“up, out”) + vignaḥ
ud- (“up, out”) + vignaḥ.
uparate(उपरते)
upa- (“near, toward”) + rate
upa- (“near, toward”) + rate.
vacanaṃ(वचनं)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
varaḥ(वरः)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
vāsudeva name(वासुदेव)
”
Inflected from vāsudeva. Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”
vihāya(विहाय)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + hāya
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + hāya.
vindati(विन्दति)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ndati
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ndati.
vipraḥ(विप्रः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + praḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + praḥ.
vipratve(विप्रत्वे)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pratve
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pratve.
yadā(यदा)
when
ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yogī(योगी)
one who is yoked
From yoga (yuj, “to yoke”) + -in “possessing.” One who is yoked; one who has the yoking.
yogināṃ(योगिनां)
of the yoked
Genitive plural of yogin (yuj, “to yoke”): of those who are yoked.