Prathama Aṃśa, Tṛtīya Adhyāya

इति श्रीविष्णुपुराणे प्रथमे ऽंशे द्वितीयो ऽध्यायः निर्गुणस्याप्रमेयस्य शुद्धस्याप्य् अमलात्मनः कथं सर्गादिकर्तृत्वं ब्रह्मणो ऽभ्युपगम्यते

[[iti śrīviṣṇupurāṇe prathame 'ṃśe dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ]] nirguṇasyāprameyasya śuddhasyāpy amalātmanaḥ kathaṃ sargādikartṛtvaṃ brahmaṇo 'bhyupagamyate

[1.3.1] pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame how that-which-is-vast (brahman)

Word make-up

[[iti (इति): [[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
prathame (प्रथमे): pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame; pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
'ṃśe (ऽंशे): 'ṃśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvitīyo (द्वितीयो): dvitīyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
]]: ]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nirguṇasyāprameyasya (निर्गुणस्याप्रमेयस्य): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” nir- (“out, without”) + guṇasyāprameyasya.
śuddhasyāpy (शुद्धस्याप्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
amalātmanaḥ (अमलात्मनः): The core matches the root man, “to think.” a- (“not”) + malātmanaḥ.
kathaṃ (कथं): how; ka- + tham: “how?”
sargādikartṛtvaṃ (सर्गादिकर्तृत्वं): sargādikartṛtvaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brahmaṇo (ब्रह्मणो): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Inflected from brahmaṇa. Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
'bhyupagamyate (ऽभ्युपगम्यते): The core matches the root gam, “to go.”

शक्तयः सर्वभावानाम् अचिन्त्यज्ञानगोचराः यतो ऽतो ब्रह्मणस् तास् तु सर्गाद्या भावशक्तयः भवन्ति तपतां श्रेष्ठ पावकस्य यथोष्णता

śaktayaḥ sarvabhāvānām acintyajñānagocarāḥ yato 'to brahmaṇas tās tu sargādyā bhāvaśaktayaḥ bhavanti tapatāṃ śreṣṭha pāvakasya yathoṣṇatā

[1.3.2] which that-which-is-vast (brahman) but most excellent

Word make-up

śaktayaḥ (शक्तयः): The core matches the root śak, “to be able.”
sarvabhāvānām (सर्वभावानाम्): sarvabhāvānām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
acintyajñānagocarāḥ (अचिन्त्यज्ञानगोचराः): The core matches the root tyaj, “to leave.” a- (“not”) + cintyajñānagocarāḥ.
yato (यतो): which; Inflected from yat. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
'to (ऽतो): 'to is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brahmaṇas (ब्रह्मणस्): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
tās (तास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
sargādyā (सर्गाद्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
bhāvaśaktayaḥ (भावशक्तयः): The core matches the root śak, “to be able.”
bhavanti (भवन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
tapatāṃ (तपतां): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
śreṣṭha (श्रेष्ठ): most excellent; Superlative of śrī-related “excellent.” The most excellent.
pāvakasya (पावकस्य): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
yathoṣṇatā (यथोष्णता): yathoṣṇatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

तन् निबोध यथा सर्गे भगवान् संप्रवर्तते नारायणाख्यो भगवान् ब्रह्मा लोकपितामहः

tan nibodha yathā sarge bhagavān saṃpravartate nārāyaṇākhyo bhagavān brahmā lokapitāmahaḥ

[1.3.3] learn as the Lord turns the Lord Not the neuter brahma

Word make-up

tan (तन्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
nibodha (निबोध): learn; ni-budh, “to wake to, to learn.” Learn! Know!
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
sarge (सर्गे): sarge is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
saṃpravartate (संप्रवर्तते): turns; saṃ- (“together”) joined to pravartate. From vṛt, “to turn.” Turns, goes on. pra-vṛt: turns forth, starts. Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
nārāyaṇākhyo (नारायणाख्यो): nārāyaṇākhyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
brahmā (ब्रह्मा): Not the neuter brahma; Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
lokapitāmahaḥ (लोकपितामहः): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”

उत्पन्नः प्रोच्यते विद्वन् नित्य एवोपचारतः

utpannaḥ procyate vidvan nitya evopacārataḥ

[1.3.4] continual

Word make-up

utpannaḥ (उत्पन्नः): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” ut- (“up, out”) + pannaḥ.
procyate (प्रोच्यते): procyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vidvan (विद्वन्): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dvan.
nitya (नित्य): continual; From ni- (“in, own”) + tya: what is in-dwelling, continual, one’s own as constant. Continually-there; not a calendar “eternal.”
evopacārataḥ (एवोपचारतः): evopacārataḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

निजेन तस्य मानेन आयुर् वर्षशतं स्मृतम् तत् पराख्यं तदर्धं च परार्धम् अभिधीयते

nijena tasya mānena āyur varṣaśataṃ smṛtam tat parākhyaṃ tadardhaṃ ca parārdham abhidhīyate

[1.3.5] ni- (“down, in”) + jena of that ā- (“unto, fully”) + yur that parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + khyaṃ and parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + rdham

Word make-up

nijena (निजेन): ni- (“down, in”) + jena; ni- (“down, in”) + jena.
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
mānena (मानेन): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
āyur (आयुर्): ā- (“unto, fully”) + yur; ā- (“unto, fully”) + yur.
varṣaśataṃ (वर्षशतं): varṣaśataṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
smṛtam (स्मृतम्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
parākhyaṃ (पराख्यं): parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + khyaṃ; parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + khyaṃ.
tadardhaṃ (तदर्धं): tadardhaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
parārdham (परार्धम्): parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + rdham; parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + rdham.
abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते): The core matches the root bhid, “to split.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + dhīyate.

कालस्वरूपं विष्णोश् च यन् मयोक्तं तवानघ तेन तस्य निबोध त्वं परिमाणोपपादनम्

kālasvarūpaṃ viṣṇoś ca yan mayoktaṃ tavānagha tena tasya nibodha tvaṃ parimāṇopapādanam

[1.3.6] and by that of that learn you

Word make-up

kālasvarūpaṃ (कालस्वरूपं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
viṣṇoś (विष्णोश्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇoś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yan (यन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
mayoktaṃ (मयोक्तं): mayoktaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tavānagha (तवानघ): tavānagha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
nibodha (निबोध): learn; ni-budh, “to wake to, to learn.” Learn! Know!
tvaṃ (त्वं): you; Nominative of yuṣmad: “you.”
parimāṇopapādanam (परिमाणोपपादनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.” pari- (“around”) + māṇopapādanam.

अन्येषां चैव जन्तूनां चराणाम् अचराश् च ये भूभूभृत्सागरादीनाम् अशेषाणां च सत्तम

anyeṣāṃ caiva jantūnāṃ carāṇām acarāś ca ye bhūbhūbhṛtsāgarādīnām aśeṣāṇāṃ ca sattama

[1.3.7] not of whom and who a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇāṃ and

Word make-up

anyeṣāṃ (अन्येषां): not of whom; an- (“not,” before vowels) joined to yeṣāṃ. Genitive plural of yad: “of whom.” Together the form means an + that sense.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jantūnāṃ (जन्तूनां): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
carāṇām (चराणाम्): The core matches the root car, “to move.”
acarāś (अचराश्): The core matches the root car, “to move.” a- (“not”) + carāś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
bhūbhūbhṛtsāgarādīnām (भूभूभृत्सागरादीनाम्): The core matches the root bhṛ, “to bear.”
aśeṣāṇāṃ (अशेषाणां): a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇāṃ; a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇāṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sattama (सत्तम): sattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

काष्ठा पञ्चदशाख्याता निमेषा मुनिसत्तम काष्ठात्रिंशत् कला त्रिंशत् कला मौहूर्तिको विधिः

kāṣṭhā pañcadaśākhyātā nimeṣā munisattama kāṣṭhātriṃśat kalā triṃśat kalā mauhūrtiko vidhiḥ

[1.3.8] ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā

Word make-up

kāṣṭhā (काष्ठा): kāṣṭhā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pañcadaśākhyātā (पञ्चदशाख्याता): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
nimeṣā (निमेषा): ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā; ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā.
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāṣṭhātriṃśat (काष्ठात्रिंशत्): kāṣṭhātriṃśat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kalā (कला): kalā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
triṃśat (त्रिंशत्): triṃśat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kalā (कला): kalā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mauhūrtiko (मौहूर्तिको): mauhūrtiko is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vidhiḥ (विधिः): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dhiḥ.

तावत्संख्यैर् अहोरात्रं मुहूर्तैर् मानुषं स्मृतम् अहोरात्राणि तावन्ति मासः पक्षद्वयात्मकः

tāvatsaṃkhyair ahorātraṃ muhūrtair mānuṣaṃ smṛtam ahorātrāṇi tāvanti māsaḥ pakṣadvayātmakaḥ

[1.3.9] a- (“not”) + horātraṃ a- (“not”) + horātrāṇi

Word make-up

tāvatsaṃkhyair (तावत्संख्यैर्): tāvatsaṃkhyair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahorātraṃ (अहोरात्रं): a- (“not”) + horātraṃ; a- (“not”) + horātraṃ.
muhūrtair (मुहूर्तैर्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
mānuṣaṃ (मानुषं): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
smṛtam (स्मृतम्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
ahorātrāṇi (अहोरात्राणि): a- (“not”) + horātrāṇi; a- (“not”) + horātrāṇi.
tāvanti (तावन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
māsaḥ (मासः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
pakṣadvayātmakaḥ (पक्षद्वयात्मकः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”

तैः षड्भिर् अयनं वर्षं द्वे ऽयने दक्षिणोत्तरे अयनं दक्षिणं रात्रिर् देवानाम् उत्तरं दिनम्

taiḥ ṣaḍbhir ayanaṃ varṣaṃ dve 'yane dakṣiṇottare ayanaṃ dakṣiṇaṃ rātrir devānām uttaraṃ dinam

[1.3.10] two shining one ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ

Word make-up

taiḥ (तैः): taiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ṣaḍbhir (षड्भिर्): ṣaḍbhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ayanaṃ (अयनं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + yanaṃ.
varṣaṃ (वर्षं): varṣaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dve (द्वे): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
'yane (ऽयने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
dakṣiṇottare (दक्षिणोत्तरे): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
ayanaṃ (अयनं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + yanaṃ.
dakṣiṇaṃ (दक्षिणं): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
rātrir (रात्रिर्): rātrir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
devānām (देवानाम्): shining one; From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
uttaraṃ (उत्तरं): ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ; ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ.
dinam (दिनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”

दिव्यैर् वर्षसहस्रैस् तु कृतत्रेतादिसंज्ञितम् चतुर्युगं द्वादशभिस् तद्विभागं निबोध मे

divyair varṣasahasrais tu kṛtatretādisaṃjñitam caturyugaṃ dvādaśabhis tadvibhāgaṃ nibodha me

[1.3.11] but learn my

Word make-up

divyair (दिव्यैर्): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
varṣasahasrais (वर्षसहस्रैस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kṛtatretādisaṃjñitam (कृतत्रेतादिसंज्ञितम्): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
caturyugaṃ (चतुर्युगं): caturyugaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvādaśabhis (द्वादशभिस्): dvādaśabhis is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tadvibhāgaṃ (तद्विभागं): tadvibhāgaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nibodha (निबोध): learn; ni-budh, “to wake to, to learn.” Learn! Know!
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”

चत्वारि त्रीणि द्वे चैकं कृतादिषु यथाक्रमम् दिव्याब्दानां सहस्राणि युगेष्व् आहुः पुराविदः

catvāri trīṇi dve caikaṃ kṛtādiṣu yathākramam divyābdānāṃ sahasrāṇi yugeṣv āhuḥ purāvidaḥ

[1.3.12] four three two they say

Word make-up

catvāri (चत्वारि): four; catur: four.
trīṇi (त्रीणि): three; tri: three.
dve (द्वे): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
caikaṃ (चैकं): caikaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṛtādiṣu (कृतादिषु): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
yathākramam (यथाक्रमम्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
divyābdānāṃ (दिव्याब्दानां): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
sahasrāṇi (सहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
yugeṣv (युगेष्व्): yugeṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āhuḥ (आहुः): they say; Perfect of ah: “they have said.”
purāvidaḥ (पुराविदः): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.”

तत्प्रमाणैः शतैः संध्या पूर्वा तत्राभिधीयते संध्यांशकश् च तत्तुल्यो युगस्यानन्तरो हि सः

tatpramāṇaiḥ śataiḥ saṃdhyā pūrvā tatrābhidhīyate saṃdhyāṃśakaś ca tattulyo yugasyānantaro hi saḥ

[1.3.13] and for he

Word make-up

tatpramāṇaiḥ (तत्प्रमाणैः): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
śataiḥ (शतैः): śataiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃdhyā (संध्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyā.
pūrvā (पूर्वा): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
tatrābhidhīyate (तत्राभिधीयते): The core matches the root bhid, “to split.”
saṃdhyāṃśakaś (संध्यांशकश्): The core matches the root śak, “to be able.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyāṃśakaś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tattulyo (तत्तुल्यो): tattulyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yugasyānantaro (युगस्यानन्तरो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
saḥ (सः): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

संध्यासंध्यांशयोर् अन्तर् यः कालो मुनिसत्तम युगाख्यः स तु विज्ञेयः कृतत्रेतादिसंज्ञितः

saṃdhyāsaṃdhyāṃśayor antar yaḥ kālo munisattama yugākhyaḥ sa tu vijñeyaḥ kṛtatretādisaṃjñitaḥ

[1.3.14] inner who time he but knowing

Word make-up

saṃdhyāsaṃdhyāṃśayor (संध्यासंध्यांशयोर्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyāsaṃdhyāṃśayor.
antar (अन्तर्): inner; antar: inside, among. The inner.
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
kālo (कालो): time; Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yugākhyaḥ (युगाख्यः): yugākhyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
vijñeyaḥ (विज्ञेयः): knowing; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to jñeyaḥ. From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known. Together the form means vi + that sense.
kṛtatretādisaṃjñitaḥ (कृतत्रेतादिसंज्ञितः): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”

कृतं त्रेता द्वापरश् च कलिश् चैव चतुर्युगम् प्रोच्यते तत्सहस्रं च ब्रह्मणो दिवसं मुने

kṛtaṃ tretā dvāparaś ca kaliś caiva caturyugam procyate tatsahasraṃ ca brahmaṇo divasaṃ mune

[1.3.15] and and that-which-is-vast (brahman)

Word make-up

kṛtaṃ (कृतं): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
tretā (त्रेता): tretā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvāparaś (द्वापरश्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kaliś (कलिश्): kaliś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caturyugam (चतुर्युगम्): The core matches the root gam, “to go.”
procyate (प्रोच्यते): procyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatsahasraṃ (तत्सहस्रं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
brahmaṇo (ब्रह्मणो): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Inflected from brahmaṇa. Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
divasaṃ (दिवसं): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
mune (मुने): mune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

ब्रह्मणो दिवसे ब्रह्मन् मनवस् तु चतुर्दश भवन्ति परिमाणं च तेषां कालकृतं शृणु

brahmaṇo divase brahman manavas tu caturdaśa bhavanti parimāṇaṃ ca teṣāṃ kālakṛtaṃ śṛṇu

[1.3.16] that-which-is-vast (brahman) that-which-is-vast (brahman) but and of them hearing

Word make-up

brahmaṇo (ब्रह्मणो): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Inflected from brahmaṇa. Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
divase (दिवसे): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
brahman (ब्रह्मन्): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
manavas (मनवस्): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
caturdaśa (चतुर्दश): caturdaśa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhavanti (भवन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
parimāṇaṃ (परिमाणं): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” pari- (“around”) + māṇaṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
kālakṛtaṃ (कालकृतं): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

सप्तर्षयः सुराः शक्रो मनुस् तत्सूनवो नृपाः एककाले हि सृज्यन्ते संह्रियन्ते च पूर्ववत्

saptarṣayaḥ surāḥ śakro manus tatsūnavo nṛpāḥ ekakāle hi sṛjyante saṃhriyante ca pūrvavat

[1.3.17] shining one for and

Word make-up

saptarṣayaḥ (सप्तर्षयः): saptarṣayaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
surāḥ (सुराः): shining one; sura: a shining one, a god. Parallel to deva (div, “to shine”).
śakro (शक्रो): The core matches the root śak, “to be able.”
manus (मनुस्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
tatsūnavo (तत्सूनवो): tatsūnavo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nṛpāḥ (नृपाः): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
ekakāle (एककाले): ekakāle is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
sṛjyante (सृज्यन्ते): The core matches the root sṛj, “to emit.”
saṃhriyante (संह्रियन्ते): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” saṃ- (“together”) + hriyante.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pūrvavat (पूर्ववत्): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”

चतुर्युगाणां संख्याता साधिका ह्य् एकसप्ततिः मन्वन्तरं मनोः कालः सुरादीनां च सत्तम

caturyugāṇāṃ saṃkhyātā sādhikā hy ekasaptatiḥ manvantaraṃ manoḥ kālaḥ surādīnāṃ ca sattama

[1.3.18] mind time su- (“well, good”) + rādīnāṃ and

Word make-up

caturyugāṇāṃ (चतुर्युगाणां): caturyugāṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃkhyātā (संख्याता): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + khyātā.
sādhikā (साधिका): sādhikā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ekasaptatiḥ (एकसप्ततिः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
manvantaraṃ (मन्वन्तरं): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
manoḥ (मनोः): mind; Inflected from mana. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
kālaḥ (कालः): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
surādīnāṃ (सुरादीनां): su- (“well, good”) + rādīnāṃ; su- (“well, good”) + rādīnāṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sattama (सत्तम): sattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

अष्टौ शतसहस्राणि दिव्यया संख्यया स्मृतम् द्वापञ्चाशत् तथान्यानि सहस्राण्य् अधिकानि तु

aṣṭau śatasahasrāṇi divyayā saṃkhyayā smṛtam dvāpañcāśat tathānyāni sahasrāṇy adhikāni tu

[1.3.19] eight adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāni but

Word make-up

aṣṭau (अष्टौ): eight; aṣṭan: eight.
śatasahasrāṇi (शतसहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
divyayā (दिव्यया): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
saṃkhyayā (संख्यया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + khyayā.
smṛtam (स्मृतम्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
dvāpañcāśat (द्वापञ्चाशत्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
tathānyāni (तथान्यानि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
sahasrāṇy (सहस्राण्य्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
adhikāni (अधिकानि): adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāni; adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāni.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.

त्रिंशत्कोट्यस् तु संपूर्णाः संख्याताः संख्यया द्विज सप्तषष्टिस् तथान्यानि नियुतानि महामुने

triṃśatkoṭyas tu saṃpūrṇāḥ saṃkhyātāḥ saṃkhyayā dvija saptaṣaṣṭis tathānyāni niyutāni mahāmune

[1.3.20] but full twice-born ni- (“down, in”) + yutāni

Word make-up

triṃśatkoṭyas (त्रिंशत्कोट्यस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
saṃpūrṇāḥ (संपूर्णाः): full; saṃ- (“together”) joined to pūrṇāḥ. From pṝ, “to fill.” Filled, full. Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
saṃkhyātāḥ (संख्याताः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + khyātāḥ.
saṃkhyayā (संख्यया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + khyayā.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
saptaṣaṣṭis (सप्तषष्टिस्): saptaṣaṣṭis is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathānyāni (तथान्यानि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
niyutāni (नियुतानि): ni- (“down, in”) + yutāni; ni- (“down, in”) + yutāni.
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

द्विचत्वारिंशता युक्त शतेनाप्य् अधिकास् तथा

dvicatvāriṃśatā yukta śatenāpy adhikās tathā

[1.3.20.22:1] yoked so

Word make-up

dvicatvāriṃśatā (द्विचत्वारिंशता): dvicatvāriṃśatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yukta (युक्त): yoked; From yuj, “to yoke, to join.” Is yoked; yoked; having yoked.
śatenāpy (शतेनाप्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
adhikās (अधिकास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kās.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

दिव्याह्नः पञ्चसाहस्रमासा दश दिनाष्टकम्

divyāhnaḥ pañcasāhasramāsā daśa dināṣṭakam

[1.3.20.22:2] ten

Word make-up

divyāhnaḥ (दिव्याह्नः): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
pañcasāhasramāsā (पञ्चसाहस्रमासा): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
daśa (दश): ten; daśan: ten.
dināṣṭakam (दिनाष्टकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”

चतुर् यामा मुहूर्तौ द्वाव् अष्टाव् अपि कलास् तथा

catur yāmā muhūrtau dvāv aṣṭāv api kalās tathā

[1.3.20.22:3] four a- (“not”) + ṣṭāv also so

Word make-up

catur (चतुर्): four; catur: four.
yāmā (यामा): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
muhūrtau (मुहूर्तौ): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
dvāv (द्वाव्): dvāv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aṣṭāv (अष्टाव्): a- (“not”) + ṣṭāv; a- (“not”) + ṣṭāv.
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”
kalās (कलास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

काष्टा सप्तदश द्वौ च निमेषौ तदनन्तरम्

kāṣṭā saptadaśa dvau ca nimeṣau tadanantaram

[1.3.20.22:4] two and ni- (“down, in”) + meṣau

Word make-up

kāṣṭā (काष्टा): kāṣṭā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptadaśa (सप्तदश): saptadaśa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvau (द्वौ): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
nimeṣau (निमेषौ): ni- (“down, in”) + meṣau; ni- (“down, in”) + meṣau.
tadanantaram (तदनन्तरम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

दैवस्यैकनिमेषस्य सप्तमो भाग इष्यते

daivasyaikanimeṣasya saptamo bhāga iṣyate

[1.3.20.22:5]

Word make-up

daivasyaikanimeṣasya (दैवस्यैकनिमेषस्य): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
saptamo (सप्तमो): saptamo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhāga (भाग): bhāga is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
iṣyate (इष्यते): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”

मानुषाब्दास् तु लक्ष्याणि तथाष्टादश तत्परम्

mānuṣābdās tu lakṣyāṇi tathāṣṭādaśa tatparam

[1.3.20.22:6] but

Word make-up

mānuṣābdās (मानुषाब्दास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
lakṣyāṇi (लक्ष्याणि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tathāṣṭādaśa (तथाष्टादश): tathāṣṭādaśa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatparam (तत्परम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

सहस्रम् अष्टाविंशत्या युताश् चाब्दा चतुःशती

sahasram aṣṭāviṃśatyā yutāś cābdā catuḥśatī

[1.3.20.22:7] a thousand

Word make-up

sahasram (सहस्रम्): a thousand; sahasra: a thousand.
aṣṭāviṃśatyā (अष्टाविंशत्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + ṣṭāviṃśatyā.
yutāś (युताश्): yutāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cābdā (चाब्दा): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
catuḥśatī (चतुःशती): catuḥśatī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

चतुर्विंशेद् अहोरात्रे युता मासाश् च षट् तथा

caturviṃśed ahorātre yutā māsāś ca ṣaṭ tathā

[1.3.20.22:8] a- (“not”) + horātre and six so

Word make-up

caturviṃśed (चतुर्विंशेद्): caturviṃśed is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahorātre (अहोरात्रे): a- (“not”) + horātre; a- (“not”) + horātre.
yutā (युता): yutā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
māsāś (मासाश्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
ṣaṭ (षट्): six; ṣaṣ: six.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

नाड्यो द्वादश तावत्यः कलाश् च तदनन्तरम्

nāḍyo dvādaśa tāvatyaḥ kalāś ca tadanantaram

[1.3.20.22:9] and

Word make-up

nāḍyo (नाड्यो): nāḍyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvādaśa (द्वादश): dvādaśa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tāvatyaḥ (तावत्यः): tāvatyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kalāś (कलाश्): kalāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tadanantaram (तदनन्तरम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

पञ्चविंशति काष्टाश् च निमेषा दशसायिका

pañcaviṃśati kāṣṭāś ca nimeṣā daśasāyikā

[1.3.20.22:10] and ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā

Word make-up

pañcaviṃśati (पञ्चविंशति): pañcaviṃśati is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāṣṭāś (काष्टाश्): kāṣṭāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
nimeṣā (निमेषा): ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā; ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā.
daśasāyikā (दशसायिका): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

विंशतिश् च सहस्राणि कालो ऽयम् अधिकं विना मन्वन्तरस्य संख्येयं मानुषैर् वत्सरैर् द्विज

viṃśatiś ca sahasrāṇi kālo 'yam adhikaṃ vinā manvantarasya saṃkhyeyaṃ mānuṣair vatsarair dvija

[1.3.21] vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṃśatiś and time whom without saṃ- (“together”) + khyeyaṃ twice-born

Word make-up

viṃśatiś (विंशतिश्): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṃśatiś; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṃśatiś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sahasrāṇi (सहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
kālo (कालो): time; Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
'yam (ऽयम्): 'yam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
adhikaṃ (अधिकं): whom; adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) joined to kaṃ. Accusative of ka-: “whom?” Together the form means adhi + that sense.
vinā (विना): without; Indeclinable: “without.”
manvantarasya (मन्वन्तरस्य): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
saṃkhyeyaṃ (संख्येयं): saṃ- (“together”) + khyeyaṃ; saṃ- (“together”) + khyeyaṃ.
mānuṣair (मानुषैर्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
vatsarair (वत्सरैर्): vatsarair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

चतुर्दशगुणो ह्य् एष कालो ब्राह्मम् अहः स्मृतम् ब्राह्मो नैमित्तिको नाम तस्यान्ते प्रतिसंचरः

caturdaśaguṇo hy eṣa kālo brāhmam ahaḥ smṛtam brāhmo naimittiko nāma tasyānte pratisaṃcaraḥ

[1.3.22] this one time haḥ name

Word make-up

caturdaśaguṇo (चतुर्दशगुणो): caturdaśaguṇo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eṣa (एष): this one; Masculine of etad: “this one.”
kālo (कालो): time; Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
brāhmam (ब्राह्मम्): brāhmam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahaḥ (अहः): haḥ; a- (“not”) joined to haḥ. Enclitic of emphasis, often after a verb of saying. Together the form means a + that sense.
smṛtam (स्मृतम्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
brāhmo (ब्राह्मो): brāhmo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
naimittiko (नैमित्तिको): naimittiko is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nāma (नाम): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
tasyānte (तस्यान्ते): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
pratisaṃcaraḥ (प्रतिसंचरः): The core matches the root car, “to move.” prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + saṃcaraḥ.

तदा हि दह्यते सर्वं त्रैलोक्यं भूर्भुवादिकम् जनं प्रयान्ति तापार्ता महर्लोकनिवासिनः

tadā hi dahyate sarvaṃ trailokyaṃ bhūrbhuvādikam janaṃ prayānti tāpārtā maharlokanivāsinaḥ

[1.3.23] then for all going

Word make-up

tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
dahyate (दह्यते): The core matches the root dah, “to burn.”
sarvaṃ (सर्वं): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
trailokyaṃ (त्रैलोक्यं): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
bhūrbhuvādikam (भूर्भुवादिकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”
janaṃ (जनं): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
prayānti (प्रयान्ति): going; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to yānti. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes. Together the form means pra + that sense.
tāpārtā (तापार्ता): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
maharlokanivāsinaḥ (महर्लोकनिवासिनः): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”

एकार्णवे तु त्रैलोक्ये ब्रह्मा नारायणात्मकः भोगिशय्यागतः शेते त्रैलोक्यग्रासबृंहितः

ekārṇave tu trailokye brahmā nārāyaṇātmakaḥ bhogiśayyāgataḥ śete trailokyagrāsabṛṃhitaḥ

[1.3.24] but Not the neuter brahma lies

Word make-up

ekārṇave (एकार्णवे): ekārṇave is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
trailokye (त्रैलोक्ये): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
brahmā (ब्रह्मा): Not the neuter brahma; Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
nārāyaṇātmakaḥ (नारायणात्मकः): nārāyaṇātmakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhogiśayyāgataḥ (भोगिशय्यागतः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
śete (शेते): lies; From śī, “to lie.” Lies.
trailokyagrāsabṛṃhitaḥ (त्रैलोक्यग्रासबृंहितः): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”

जनस्थैर् योगिभिर् देवश् चिन्त्यमानो ऽब्जसंभवः तत्प्रमाणां हि तां रात्रिं तदन्ते सृजते पुनः

janasthair yogibhir devaś cintyamāno 'bjasaṃbhavaḥ tatpramāṇāṃ hi tāṃ rātriṃ tadante sṛjate punaḥ

[1.3.25] for again

Word make-up

janasthair (जनस्थैर्): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
yogibhir (योगिभिर्): yogibhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
devaś (देवश्): devaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cintyamāno (चिन्त्यमानो): The core matches the root cint, “to think.”
'bjasaṃbhavaḥ (ऽब्जसंभवः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tatpramāṇāṃ (तत्प्रमाणां): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
tāṃ (तां): tāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rātriṃ (रात्रिं): rātriṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tadante (तदन्ते): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
sṛjate (सृजते): The core matches the root sṛj, “to emit.”
punaḥ (पुनः): again; Adverb: “again, back.”

एवं तु ब्रह्मणो वर्षम् एवं वर्षशतं च यत् शतं हि तस्य वर्षाणां परमायुर् महात्मनः

evaṃ tu brahmaṇo varṣam evaṃ varṣaśataṃ ca yat śataṃ hi tasya varṣāṇāṃ paramāyur mahātmanaḥ

[1.3.26] just but that-which-is-vast (brahman) just and which a hundred for of that

Word make-up

evaṃ (एवं): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
brahmaṇo (ब्रह्मणो): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Inflected from brahmaṇa. Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
varṣam (वर्षम्): varṣam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
evaṃ (एवं): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
varṣaśataṃ (वर्षशतं): varṣaśataṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
śataṃ (शतं): a hundred; śata: a hundred.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
varṣāṇāṃ (वर्षाणां): varṣāṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
paramāyur (परमायुर्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
mahātmanaḥ (महात्मनः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”

एकम् अस्य व्यतीतं तु परार्धं ब्रह्मणो ऽनघ तस्यान्ते ऽभून् महाकल्पः पाद्म इत्य् अभिविश्रुतः

ekam asya vyatītaṃ tu parārdhaṃ brahmaṇo 'nagha tasyānte 'bhūn mahākalpaḥ pādma ity abhiviśrutaḥ

[1.3.27] one of this but parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + rdhaṃ that-which-is-vast (brahman)

Word make-up

ekam (एकम्): one; eka: one. The one, a single.
asya (अस्य): of this; Genitive of idam: “of this.”
vyatītaṃ (व्यतीतं): vyatītaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
parārdhaṃ (परार्धं): parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + rdhaṃ; parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + rdhaṃ.
brahmaṇo (ब्रह्मणो): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Inflected from brahmaṇa. Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
'nagha (ऽनघ): 'nagha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tasyānte (तस्यान्ते): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
'bhūn (ऽभून्): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
mahākalpaḥ (महाकल्पः): mahākalpaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pādma (पाद्म): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhiviśrutaḥ (अभिविश्रुतः): The core matches the root śru, “to hear.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + viśrutaḥ.

द्वितीयस्य परार्धस्य वर्तमानस्य वै द्विज वाराह इति कल्पो ऽयं प्रथमः परिकीर्तितः

dvitīyasya parārdhasya vartamānasya vai dvija vārāha iti kalpo 'yaṃ prathamaḥ parikīrtitaḥ

[1.3.28] indeed twice-born thus pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamaḥ named

Word make-up

dvitīyasya (द्वितीयस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
parārdhasya (परार्धस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.” parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + rdhasya.
vartamānasya (वर्तमानस्य): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
vārāha (वाराह): vārāha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
iti (इति): thus; Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought.
kalpo (कल्पो): kalpo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'yaṃ (ऽयं): 'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prathamaḥ (प्रथमः): pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamaḥ; pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamaḥ.
parikīrtitaḥ (परिकीर्तितः): named; pari- (“around”) joined to kīrtitaḥ. From kīrt, “to name, to praise.” Named; they name. Together the form means pari + that sense.

Viṣṇu Purāṇa

Prathama Aṃśa, Tṛtīya Adhyāya

Devanagari scan