adhaḥ(अधः)
below
Indeclinable: “below.”
Word senses
Dvitīya Aṃśa, Ṣaṣṭha Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
alpa(अल्प)
little
Inflected from alpa. alpa: little, small.
bhakta(भक्त)
sharing-in
Inflected from bhakta. From bhaj, “to share, to resort to.” Sharing-in (instrumental bhaktyā); one who shares in / resorts to (bhakta).
bhūyaḥ(भूयः)
again
Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
brahma(ब्रह्म)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
brāhmaṇa(ब्राह्मण)
a brāhmaṇa
Inflected from brāhmaṇa. Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
cāpa(चाप)
bow
Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
duḥkha(दुःख)
unease
Inflected from duḥkha. dus- (“ill, hard”) + kha (“space, hole, axle-hole”). Ill-fitting; unease, pain. The opposite of sukha.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijaḥ(द्विजः)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
ekam(एकम्)
one
eka: one. The one, a single.
etān(एतान्)
these
Inflected from etān. Accusative plural of etad: “these.”
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gatvā(गत्वा)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
idaṃ(इदं)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
jāyate(जायते)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jñānam(ज्ञानम्)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Knowing; the known-as-knowledge. Not a mystic glow: the act and fruit of knowing.
jñānaṃ(ज्ञानं)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Knowing; the known-as-knowledge. Not a mystic glow: the act and fruit of knowing.
karmaṇā(कर्मणा)
action
Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kṛṣṇa(कृष्ण)
Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from kṛṣṇa. kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
kutaḥ(कुतः)
from where
From ku- + tas: “from where? why?”
mana(मन)
mind
Inflected from mana. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
nara(नर)
a man
Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
narā(नरा)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
naraḥ(नरः)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
narāḥ(नराः)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
nimnagāḥ(निम्नगाः)
ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ.
nirayeṣu(निरयेषु)
nir- (“out, without”) + ayeṣu
nir- (“out, without”) + ayeṣu.
pāpa(पाप)
ill-deed
Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
paraṃ(परं)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
pariṇāmo(परिणामो)
pari- (“around”) + ṇāmo
pari- (“around”) + ṇāmo.
patati(पतति)
falls
From pat, “to fall.” Falls; makes fall.
phalam(फलम्)
fruit
Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
prasāda(प्रसाद)
settled-clearness
Inflected from prasāda. pra-sad, “to sit forth, to settle.” Settled clearness; grace as a settling-down of favour. Not a temple sweet.
prayāti(प्रयाति)
goes forth
pra-yā, “to go forth.” Goes forth; a going-forth.
punar(पुनर्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puruṣa(पुरुष)
the Person
Inflected from puruṣa. Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
puruṣo(पुरुषो)
the Person
Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
saṃdaṃśaḥ(संदंशः)
saṃ- (“together”) + daṃśaḥ
saṃ- (“together”) + daṃśaḥ.
sarvam(सर्वम्)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvān(सर्वान्)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvāṇi(सर्वाणि)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
soma(सोम)
the moon
Inflected from soma. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
sukhaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ(सुखदुःखादिलक्षणः)
su- (“well, good”) + khaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ
su- (“well, good”) + khaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ.
sukhāyerṣyodbhavāya(सुखायेर्ष्योद्भवाय)
su- (“well, good”) + khāyerṣyodbhavāya
su- (“well, good”) + khāyerṣyodbhavāya.
sutāṃ(सुतां)
su- (“well, good”) + tāṃ
su- (“well, good”) + tāṃ.
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tathaiva(तथैव)
likewise
tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teṣām(तेषाम्)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
vāsudeva name(वासुदेव)
”
Inflected from vāsudeva. Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”
vidyate(विद्यते)
know
From vid, “to know” (vetti, viduḥ, viddhi) or “to be found” (vidyate). Knows; they know; is found; know!
vighno(विघ्नो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ghno
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ghno.
vikretā(विक्रेता)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + kretā
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + kretā.
vikrīṇate(विक्रीणते)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + krīṇate
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + krīṇate.
vilohitaḥ(विलोहितः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + lohitaḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + lohitaḥ.
vipra(विप्र)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
viṣaye(विषये)
sense-object
vi- + si “to throw”: what is thrown before one; a sense-object, a domain.
viṣṇu(विष्णु)
The pervading one
Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yānti(यान्ति)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
yas(यस्)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yāti(याति)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.