Dvitīya Aṃśa, Ṣaṣṭha Adhyāya

इति श्रीविष्णुपुराणे द्वितीये ऽंशे पञ्चमो ऽध्यायः ततश् च नरकान् विप्र भुवो ऽधः सलिलस्य च पापिनो येषु पात्यन्ते ताञ् छृणुष्व महामुने

[[iti śrīviṣṇupurāṇe dvitīye 'ṃśe pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ ]] tataś ca narakān vipra bhuvo 'dhaḥ salilasya ca pāpino yeṣu pātyante tāñ chṛṇuṣva mahāmune

[2.6.1] and vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra and

Word make-up

[[iti (इति): [[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
dvitīye (द्वितीये): dvitīye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'ṃśe (ऽंशे): 'ṃśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pañcamo (पञ्चमो): pañcamo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
]]: ]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tataś (ततश्): tataś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
narakān (नरकान्): narakān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vipra (विप्र): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
bhuvo (भुवो): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
'dhaḥ (ऽधः): 'dhaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
salilasya (सलिलस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pāpino (पापिनो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
yeṣu (येषु): yeṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pātyante (पात्यन्ते): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
tāñ (ताञ्): tāñ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
chṛṇuṣva (छृणुष्व): The core matches the root hṛ, “to take.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

रौरवः सूकरो रोधस् तालो विशसनस् तथा महाज्वालस् तप्तकुम्भो लवणो ऽथ विलोहितः

rauravaḥ sūkaro rodhas tālo viśasanas tathā mahājvālas taptakumbho lavaṇo 'tha vilohitaḥ

[2.6.2] so vi- (“apart, asunder”) + lohitaḥ

Word make-up

rauravaḥ (रौरवः): rauravaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sūkaro (सूकरो): sūkaro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rodhas (रोधस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tālo (तालो): tālo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viśasanas (विशसनस्): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śasanas.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
mahājvālas (महाज्वालस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
taptakumbho (तप्तकुम्भो): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
lavaṇo (लवणो): lavaṇo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'tha (ऽथ): 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vilohitaḥ (विलोहितः): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + lohitaḥ; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + lohitaḥ.

रुधिराम्भो वैतरणी कृमिशः कृमिभोजनः असिपत्रवनं कृष्णो लालाभक्षश् च दारुणः

rudhirāmbho vaitaraṇī kṛmiśaḥ kṛmibhojanaḥ asipatravanaṃ kṛṣṇo lālābhakṣaś ca dāruṇaḥ

[2.6.3] Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa and

Word make-up

rudhirāmbho (रुधिराम्भो): rudhirāmbho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vaitaraṇī (वैतरणी): vaitaraṇī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṛmiśaḥ (कृमिशः): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
kṛmibhojanaḥ (कृमिभोजनः): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
asipatravanaṃ (असिपत्रवनं): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” a- (“not”) + sipatravanaṃ.
kṛṣṇo (कृष्णो): Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa; Inflected from kṛṣṇa. kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
lālābhakṣaś (लालाभक्षश्): lālābhakṣaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dāruṇaḥ (दारुणः): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”

तथा पूयवहः पापो वह्निज्वालो ह्य् अधःशिराः संदंशः कृष्णसूत्रश् च तमश् चावीचिर् एव च

tathā pūyavahaḥ pāpo vahnijvālo hy adhaḥśirāḥ saṃdaṃśaḥ kṛṣṇasūtraś ca tamaś cāvīcir eva ca

[2.6.4] so ill-deed a- (“not”) + dhaḥśirāḥ saṃ- (“together”) + daṃśaḥ and just and

Word make-up

tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
pūyavahaḥ (पूयवहः): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
pāpo (पापो): ill-deed; Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
vahnijvālo (वह्निज्वालो): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
adhaḥśirāḥ (अधःशिराः): a- (“not”) + dhaḥśirāḥ; a- (“not”) + dhaḥśirāḥ.
saṃdaṃśaḥ (संदंशः): saṃ- (“together”) + daṃśaḥ; saṃ- (“together”) + daṃśaḥ.
kṛṣṇasūtraś (कृष्णसूत्रश्): The core matches the root kṛṣ, “to drag, to plough.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tamaś (तमश्): tamaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāvīcir (चावीचिर्): cāvīcir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”

श्वभोजनो ऽथाप्रतिष्ठो अवीचिश् च तथापरः इत्य् एवमादयश् चान्ये नरका भृशदारुणाः

śvabhojano 'thāpratiṣṭho avīciś ca tathāparaḥ ity evamādayaś cānye narakā bhṛśadāruṇāḥ

[2.6.5] a- (“not”) + vīciś and

Word make-up

śvabhojano (श्वभोजनो): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
'thāpratiṣṭho (ऽथाप्रतिष्ठो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
avīciś (अवीचिश्): a- (“not”) + vīciś; a- (“not”) + vīciś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tathāparaḥ (तथापरः): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
evamādayaś (एवमादयश्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
cānye (चान्ये): cānye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
narakā (नरका): narakā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhṛśadāruṇāḥ (भृशदारुणाः): The core matches the root bhṛ, “to bear.”

यमस्य विषये घोराः शस्त्राग्निभयदायिनः पतन्ति येषु पुरुषाः पापकर्मरतास् तु ये

yamasya viṣaye ghorāḥ śastrāgnibhayadāyinaḥ patanti yeṣu puruṣāḥ pāpakarmaratās tu ye

[2.6.6] whom sense-object the Person but who

Word make-up

yamasya (यमस्य): whom; Inflected from yam. Accusative of yad: “whom, which.”
viṣaye (विषये): sense-object; vi- + si “to throw”: what is thrown before one; a sense-object, a domain.
ghorāḥ (घोराः): ghorāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śastrāgnibhayadāyinaḥ (शस्त्राग्निभयदायिनः): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
patanti (पतन्ति): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
yeṣu (येषु): yeṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
puruṣāḥ (पुरुषाः): the Person; Inflected from puruṣa. Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
pāpakarmaratās (पापकर्मरतास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.

कूटसाक्षी तथासम्यक् पक्षपातेन यो वदेत् यश् चान्यद् अनृतं वक्ति स नरो याति रौरवम्

kūṭasākṣī tathāsamyak pakṣapātena yo vadet yaś cānyad anṛtaṃ vakti sa naro yāti rauravam

[2.6.7] not the fitted-true he a man going

Word make-up

kūṭasākṣī (कूटसाक्षी): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathāsamyak (तथासम्यक्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
pakṣapātena (पक्षपातेन): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vadet (वदेत्): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cānyad (चान्यद्): cānyad is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anṛtaṃ (अनृतं): not the fitted-true; an- (“not,” before vowels) joined to ṛtaṃ. ṛta: the fitted, the true course (from ṛ, “to go”). What is right-fitted. Together the form means an + that sense.
vakti (वक्ति): vakti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
naro (नरो): a man; Inflected from nara. nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
rauravam (रौरवम्): rauravam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

भ्रूणहा गुरुहन्ता च गोघ्नश् च मुनिसत्तम यान्ति ते नरकं रोधं यश् चोच्छ्वासनिरोधकः

bhrūṇahā guruhantā ca goghnaś ca munisattama yānti te narakaṃ rodhaṃ yaś cocchvāsanirodhakaḥ

[2.6.8] and and going you

Word make-up

bhrūṇahā (भ्रूणहा): bhrūṇahā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
guruhantā (गुरुहन्ता): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
goghnaś (गोघ्नश्): The core matches the root naś, “to perish.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yānti (यान्ति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
narakaṃ (नरकं): narakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rodhaṃ (रोधं): rodhaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cocchvāsanirodhakaḥ (चोच्छ्वासनिरोधकः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”

सुरापो ब्रह्महा हर्ता सुवर्णस्य च सूकरे प्रयाति नरके यश् च तैः संसर्गम् उपैति वै

surāpo brahmahā hartā suvarṇasya ca sūkare prayāti narake yaś ca taiḥ saṃsargam upaiti vai

[2.6.9] colour-class and goes forth and thus indeed

Word make-up

surāpo (सुरापो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” su- (“well, good”) + rāpo.
brahmahā (ब्रह्महा): brahmahā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hartā (हर्ता): hartā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
suvarṇasya (सुवर्णस्य): colour-class; su- (“well, good”) joined to varṇasya. From vṛ, “to cover, to choose.” Colour, covering, then class as a covering-name. Together the form means su + that sense.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sūkare (सूकरे): sūkare is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prayāti (प्रयाति): goes forth; pra-yā, “to go forth.” Goes forth; a going-forth.
narake (नरके): narake is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
taiḥ (तैः): taiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃsargam (संसर्गम्): The core matches the root gam, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + sargam.
upaiti (उपैति): thus; upa- (“near, toward”) joined to iti. Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought. Together the form means upa + that sense.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

राजन्यवैश्यहा ताले तथैव गुरुतल्पगः तप्तकुम्भे स्वसागामी हन्ति राजभटांश् च यः

rājanyavaiśyahā tāle tathaiva gurutalpagaḥ taptakumbhe svasāgāmī hanti rājabhaṭāṃś ca yaḥ

[2.6.10] likewise striking and who

Word make-up

rājanyavaiśyahā (राजन्यवैश्यहा): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
tāle (ताले): tāle is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathaiva (तथैव): likewise; tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
gurutalpagaḥ (गुरुतल्पगः): gurutalpagaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
taptakumbhe (तप्तकुम्भे): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
svasāgāmī (स्वसागामी): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
hanti (हन्ति): striking; From han, “to strike, to slay.” Strikes; is struck; to slay; having slain.
rājabhaṭāṃś (राजभटांश्): The core matches the root rāj, “to shine, to rule.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”

साध्वीविक्रयकृद् बन्धपालः केसरिविक्रयी तप्तलोहे पतन्त्य् एते यश् च भक्तं परित्यजेत्

sādhvīvikrayakṛd bandhapālaḥ kesarivikrayī taptalohe patanty ete yaś ca bhaktaṃ parityajet

[2.6.11] these and sharing-in leaving

Word make-up

sādhvīvikrayakṛd (साध्वीविक्रयकृद्): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
bandhapālaḥ (बन्धपालः): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”
kesarivikrayī (केसरिविक्रयी): kesarivikrayī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
taptalohe (तप्तलोहे): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
patanty (पतन्त्य्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
bhaktaṃ (भक्तं): sharing-in; Inflected from bhakta. From bhaj, “to share, to resort to.” Sharing-in (instrumental bhaktyā); one who shares in / resorts to (bhakta).
parityajet (परित्यजेत्): leaving; pari- (“around”) joined to tyajet. From tyaj, “to leave.” Having left; one leaves; one should leave. Together the form means pari + that sense.

स्नुषां सुतां चापि गत्वा महाज्वाले निपात्यते अवमन्ता गुरूणां यो यश् चाक्रोष्टा नराधमः

snuṣāṃ sutāṃ cāpi gatvā mahājvāle nipātyate avamantā gurūṇāṃ yo yaś cākroṣṭā narādhamaḥ

[2.6.12] su- (“well, good”) + tāṃ bow going

Word make-up

snuṣāṃ (स्नुषां): snuṣāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sutāṃ (सुतां): su- (“well, good”) + tāṃ; su- (“well, good”) + tāṃ.
cāpi (चापि): bow; Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
gatvā (गत्वा): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
mahājvāle (महाज्वाले): mahājvāle is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nipātyate (निपात्यते): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” ni- (“down, in”) + pātyate.
avamantā (अवमन्ता): The core matches the root man, “to think.” ava- (“down, off”) + mantā.
gurūṇāṃ (गुरूणां): gurūṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cākroṣṭā (चाक्रोष्टा): cākroṣṭā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
narādhamaḥ (नराधमः): narādhamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

वेददूषयिता यश् च वेदविक्रयकश् च यः अगम्यगामी यश् च स्यात् ते यान्ति लवणं द्विज

vedadūṣayitā yaś ca vedavikrayakaś ca yaḥ agamyagāmī yaś ca syāt te yānti lavaṇaṃ dvija

[2.6.13] and and who and it would be you going twice-born

Word make-up

vedadūṣayitā (वेददूषयिता): vedadūṣayitā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vedavikrayakaś (वेदविक्रयकश्): vedavikrayakaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
agamyagāmī (अगम्यगामी): The core matches the root gam, “to go.” a- (“not”) + gamyagāmī.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
syāt (स्यात्): it would be; Optative of as: “it may be, it would be.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
yānti (यान्ति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
lavaṇaṃ (लवणं): lavaṇaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

चौरो विमोहे पतति मर्यादादूषकस् तथा

cauro vimohe patati maryādādūṣakas tathā

[2.6.14] confusion falls so

Word make-up

cauro (चौरो): cauro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vimohe (विमोहे): confusion; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to mohe. From muh, “to be confused, to go astray.” Confusion; a going-astray of mind. Together the form means vi + that sense.
patati (पतति): falls; From pat, “to fall.” Falls; makes fall.
maryādādūṣakas (मर्यादादूषकस्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

देवद्विजपितृद्वेष्टा रत्नदूषयिता च यः स याति कृमिभक्षे वै कृमिशे च दुरिष्टकृत्

devadvijapitṛdveṣṭā ratnadūṣayitā ca yaḥ sa yāti kṛmibhakṣe vai kṛmiśe ca duriṣṭakṛt

[2.6.15] and who he going indeed and

Word make-up

devadvijapitṛdveṣṭā (देवद्विजपितृद्वेष्टा): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
ratnadūṣayitā (रत्नदूषयिता): ratnadūṣayitā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
kṛmibhakṣe (कृमिभक्षे): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
kṛmiśe (कृमिशे): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
duriṣṭakṛt (दुरिष्टकृत्): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.” dur- (“ill, hard”) + iṣṭakṛt.

पितृदेवातिथीन् यस् तु पर्यश्नाति नराधमः लालाभक्षे स यात्य् उग्रे शरकर्ता च वेधके

pitṛdevātithīn yas tu paryaśnāti narādhamaḥ lālābhakṣe sa yāty ugre śarakartā ca vedhake

[2.6.16] who but he and

Word make-up

pitṛdevātithīn (पितृदेवातिथीन्): pitṛdevātithīn is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yas (यस्): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
paryaśnāti (पर्यश्नाति): paryaśnāti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
narādhamaḥ (नराधमः): narādhamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
lālābhakṣe (लालाभक्षे): lālābhakṣe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
yāty (यात्य्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ugre (उग्रे): ugre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śarakartā (शरकर्ता): śarakartā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vedhake (वेधके): vedhake is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

करोति कर्णिनो यश् च यश् च खड्गादिकृन् नरः प्रयान्त्य् एते विशसने नरके भृशदारुणे

karoti karṇino yaś ca yaś ca khaḍgādikṛn naraḥ prayānty ete viśasane narake bhṛśadāruṇe

[2.6.17] doing and and a man these

Word make-up

karoti (करोति): doing; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” To do; having done; doing.
karṇino (कर्णिनो): karṇino is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
khaḍgādikṛn (खड्गादिकृन्): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
naraḥ (नरः): a man; nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
prayānty (प्रयान्त्य्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + yānty.
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
viśasane (विशसने): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śasane.
narake (नरके): narake is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhṛśadāruṇe (भृशदारुणे): The core matches the root bhṛ, “to bear.”

असत्प्रतिग्रहीता तु नरके यात्य् अधोमुखे अयाज्ययाजकस् तत्र तथा नक्षत्रसूचकः

asatpratigrahītā tu narake yāty adhomukhe ayājyayājakas tatra tathā nakṣatrasūcakaḥ

[2.6.18] but a- (“not”) + dhomukhe there so

Word make-up

asatpratigrahītā (असत्प्रतिग्रहीता): The core matches the root grah, “to grasp.” a- (“not”) + satpratigrahītā.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
narake (नरके): narake is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yāty (यात्य्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
adhomukhe (अधोमुखे): a- (“not”) + dhomukhe; a- (“not”) + dhomukhe.
ayājyayājakas (अयाज्ययाजकस्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + yājyayājakas.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
nakṣatrasūcakaḥ (नक्षत्रसूचकः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

वेगी पूयवहं चैको याति मिष्टान्नभुङ् नरः

vegī pūyavahaṃ caiko yāti miṣṭānnabhuṅ naraḥ

[2.6.19] going a man

Word make-up

vegī (वेगी): vegī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pūyavahaṃ (पूयवहं): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
caiko (चैको): caiko is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
miṣṭānnabhuṅ (मिष्टान्नभुङ्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
naraḥ (नरः): a man; nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).

लाक्षामांसरसानां च तिलानां लवणस्य च विक्रेता ब्राह्मणो याति तम् एव नरकं द्विज

lākṣāmāṃsarasānāṃ ca tilānāṃ lavaṇasya ca vikretā brāhmaṇo yāti tam eva narakaṃ dvija

[2.6.20] and and vi- (“apart, asunder”) + kretā a brāhmaṇa going him just twice-born

Word make-up

lākṣāmāṃsarasānāṃ (लाक्षामांसरसानां): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tilānāṃ (तिलानां): tilānāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
lavaṇasya (लवणस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vikretā (विक्रेता): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + kretā; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + kretā.
brāhmaṇo (ब्राह्मणो): a brāhmaṇa; Inflected from brāhmaṇa. Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
tam (तम्): him; Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
narakaṃ (नरकं): narakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

मार्जारकुक्कुटच्छागश्ववराहविहंगमान् पोषयन् नरकं याति तम् एव द्विजसत्तम

mārjārakukkuṭacchāgaśvavarāhavihaṃgamān poṣayan narakaṃ yāti tam eva dvijasattama

[2.6.21] going him just

Word make-up

mārjārakukkuṭacchāgaśvavarāhavihaṃgamān (मार्जारकुक्कुटच्छागश्ववराहविहंगमान्): The core matches the root gam, “to go.”
poṣayan (पोषयन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
narakaṃ (नरकं): narakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
tam (तम्): him; Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
dvijasattama (द्विजसत्तम): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

अपूपविक्रयाच् चैव तथा पुस्तकविक्रयाः

apūpavikrayāc caiva tathā pustakavikrayāḥ

[2.6.21.8] so

Word make-up

apūpavikrayāc (अपूपविक्रयाच्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + pūpavikrayāc.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
pustakavikrayāḥ (पुस्तकविक्रयाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”

रङ्गोपजीवी कैवर्तः कुण्डाशी गरदस् तथा सूची माहिषिकश् चैव पर्वगामी च यो द्विजः

raṅgopajīvī kaivartaḥ kuṇḍāśī garadas tathā sūcī māhiṣikaś caiva parvagāmī ca yo dvijaḥ

[2.6.22] so and twice-born

Word make-up

raṅgopajīvī (रङ्गोपजीवी): The core matches the root jīv, “to live.”
kaivartaḥ (कैवर्तः): kaivartaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kuṇḍāśī (कुण्डाशी): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
garadas (गरदस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
sūcī (सूची): sūcī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
māhiṣikaś (माहिषिकश्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
parvagāmī (पर्वगामी): parvagāmī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvijaḥ (द्विजः): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

अगारदाही मित्रघ्नः शाकुनिर् ग्रामयाजकः रुधिरान्धे पतन्त्य् एते सोमं विक्रीणते च ये

agāradāhī mitraghnaḥ śākunir grāmayājakaḥ rudhirāndhe patanty ete somaṃ vikrīṇate ca ye

[2.6.23] these the moon vi- (“apart, asunder”) + krīṇate and who

Word make-up

agāradāhī (अगारदाही): The core matches the root dā, “to give.” a- (“not”) + gāradāhī.
mitraghnaḥ (मित्रघ्नः): mitraghnaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śākunir (शाकुनिर्): śākunir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
grāmayājakaḥ (ग्रामयाजकः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
rudhirāndhe (रुधिरान्धे): rudhirāndhe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
patanty (पतन्त्य्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
somaṃ (सोमं): the moon; Inflected from soma. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
vikrīṇate (विक्रीणते): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + krīṇate; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + krīṇate.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.

मधुहा ग्रामहन्ता च याति वैतरणीं नरः

madhuhā grāmahantā ca yāti vaitaraṇīṃ naraḥ

[2.6.24] and going a man

Word make-up

madhuhā (मधुहा): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
grāmahantā (ग्रामहन्ता): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
vaitaraṇīṃ (वैतरणीं): vaitaraṇīṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
naraḥ (नरः): a man; nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).

धनयौवनमत्तास् तु मर्यादाभेदिनो हि ये ते कृष्णे यान्त्य् अशौचाश् च कुहकाजीविनश् च ये

dhanayauvanamattās tu maryādābhedino hi ye te kṛṣṇe yānty aśaucāś ca kuhakājīvinaś ca ye

[2.6.25] but for who you Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa a- (“not”) + śaucāś and and who

Word make-up

dhanayauvanamattās (धनयौवनमत्तास्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
maryādābhedino (मर्यादाभेदिनो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
kṛṣṇe (कृष्णे): Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa; Inflected from kṛṣṇa. kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
yānty (यान्त्य्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
aśaucāś (अशौचाश्): a- (“not”) + śaucāś; a- (“not”) + śaucāś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kuhakājīvinaś (कुहकाजीविनश्): The core matches the root naś, “to perish.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.

असिपत्रवनं याति वनच्छेदी वृथैव यः औरभ्रिको मृगव्याधो वह्निज्वाले पतन्ति वै

asipatravanaṃ yāti vanacchedī vṛthaiva yaḥ aurabhriko mṛgavyādho vahnijvāle patanti vai

[2.6.26] going who a- (“not”) + urabhriko indeed

Word make-up

asipatravanaṃ (असिपत्रवनं): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” a- (“not”) + sipatravanaṃ.
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
vanacchedī (वनच्छेदी): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
vṛthaiva (वृथैव): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.”
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
aurabhriko (औरभ्रिको): a- (“not”) + urabhriko; a- (“not”) + urabhriko.
mṛgavyādho (मृगव्याधो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
vahnijvāle (वह्निज्वाले): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
patanti (पतन्ति): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

यान्त्य् एते द्विज तत्रैव यश् चापाकेषु वह्निदः

yānty ete dvija tatraiva yaś cāpākeṣu vahnidaḥ

[2.6.27] these twice-born

Word make-up

yānty (यान्त्य्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
tatraiva (तत्रैव): tatraiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāpākeṣu (चापाकेषु): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
vahnidaḥ (वह्निदः): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”

व्रतेषु लोपको यश् च स्वाश्रमाद् विच्युतश् च यः संदंशयातनामध्ये पततस् ताव् उभाव् अपि

vrateṣu lopako yaś ca svāśramād vicyutaś ca yaḥ saṃdaṃśayātanāmadhye patatas tāv ubhāv api

[2.6.28] and and who also

Word make-up

vrateṣu (व्रतेषु): vrateṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
lopako (लोपको): lopako is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yaś (यश्): yaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
svāśramād (स्वाश्रमाद्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
vicyutaś (विच्युतश्): The core matches the root cyu, “to fall away.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cyutaś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
saṃdaṃśayātanāmadhye (संदंशयातनामध्ये): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.” saṃ- (“together”) + daṃśayātanāmadhye.
patatas (पततस्): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
tāv (ताव्): tāv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ubhāv (उभाव्): ubhāv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”

दिवा स्वप्नेषु स्कन्दन्ते ये नरा ब्रह्मचारिणः पुत्रैर् अध्यापिता ये च ते पतन्ति श्वभोजने

divā svapneṣu skandante ye narā brahmacāriṇaḥ putrair adhyāpitā ye ca te patanti śvabhojane

[2.6.29] who a man who and you

Word make-up

divā (दिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
svapneṣu (स्वप्नेषु): The core matches the root svap, “to sleep.”
skandante (स्कन्दन्ते): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
narā (नरा): a man; nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
brahmacāriṇaḥ (ब्रह्मचारिणः): brahmacāriṇaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
putrair (पुत्रैर्): putrair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
adhyāpitā (अध्यापिता): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + dhyāpitā.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
patanti (पतन्ति): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
śvabhojane (श्वभोजने): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”

एते चान्ये च नरकाः शतशो ऽथ सहस्रशः येषु दुष्कृतकर्माणः पच्यन्ते यातनागताः

ete cānye ca narakāḥ śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ yeṣu duṣkṛtakarmāṇaḥ pacyante yātanāgatāḥ

[2.6.30] these and

Word make-up

ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
cānye (चान्ये): cānye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
narakāḥ (नरकाः): narakāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śataśo (शतशो): śataśo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'tha (ऽथ): 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sahasraśaḥ (सहस्रशः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
yeṣu (येषु): yeṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
duṣkṛtakarmāṇaḥ (दुष्कृतकर्माणः): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
pacyante (पच्यन्ते): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
yātanāgatāḥ (यातनागताः): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”

तथैव पापान्य् एतानि तथान्यानि सहस्रशः भुज्यन्ते यानि पुरुषैर् नरकान्तरगोचरैः

tathaiva pāpāny etāni tathānyāni sahasraśaḥ bhujyante yāni puruṣair narakāntaragocaraiḥ

[2.6.31] likewise these

Word make-up

tathaiva (तथैव): likewise; tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
pāpāny (पापान्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
etāni (एतानि): these; Inflected from etān. Accusative plural of etad: “these.”
tathānyāni (तथान्यानि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
sahasraśaḥ (सहस्रशः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
bhujyante (भुज्यन्ते): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
yāni (यानि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
puruṣair (पुरुषैर्): puruṣair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
narakāntaragocaraiḥ (नरकान्तरगोचरैः): The core matches the root car, “to move.”

वर्णाश्रमविरुद्धं च कर्म कुर्वन्ति ये नराः कर्मणा मनसा वाचा निरयेषु पतन्ति ते

varṇāśramaviruddhaṃ ca karma kurvanti ye narāḥ karmaṇā manasā vācā nirayeṣu patanti te

[2.6.32] and action doing who a man action mind nir- (“out, without”) + ayeṣu you

Word make-up

varṇāśramaviruddhaṃ (वर्णाश्रमविरुद्धं): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
karma (कर्म): action; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” The deed, the doing. Not “fate” and not “ritual” unless the verse is about offering.
kurvanti (कुर्वन्ति): doing; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” To do; having done; doing.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
narāḥ (नराः): a man; nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
karmaṇā (कर्मणा): action; Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
manasā (मनसा): mind; From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
vācā (वाचा): vācā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nirayeṣu (निरयेषु): nir- (“out, without”) + ayeṣu; nir- (“out, without”) + ayeṣu.
patanti (पतन्ति): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.

अधःशिरोभिर् दृश्यन्ते नारकैर् दिवि देवताः देवाश् चाधोमुखान् सर्वान् अधः पश्यन्ति नारकान्

adhaḥśirobhir dṛśyante nārakair divi devatāḥ devāś cādhomukhān sarvān adhaḥ paśyanti nārakān

[2.6.33] a- (“not”) + dhaḥśirobhir all below

Word make-up

adhaḥśirobhir (अधःशिरोभिर्): a- (“not”) + dhaḥśirobhir; a- (“not”) + dhaḥśirobhir.
dṛśyante (दृश्यन्ते): The core matches the root dṛś, “to see.”
nārakair (नारकैर्): nārakair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
divi (दिवि): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
devatāḥ (देवताः): devatāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
devāś (देवाश्): devāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cādhomukhān (चाधोमुखान्): cādhomukhān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvān (सर्वान्): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
adhaḥ (अधः): below; Indeclinable: “below.”
paśyanti (पश्यन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
nārakān (नारकान्): nārakān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

स्थावराः कृमयो ऽब्जाश् च पक्षिणः पशवो नराः धार्मिकास् त्रिदशास् तद्वन् मोक्षिणश् च यथाक्रमम्

sthāvarāḥ kṛmayo 'bjāś ca pakṣiṇaḥ paśavo narāḥ dhārmikās tridaśās tadvan mokṣiṇaś ca yathākramam

[2.6.34] and a man and

Word make-up

sthāvarāḥ (स्थावराः): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.”
kṛmayo (कृमयो): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
'bjāś (ऽब्जाश्): 'bjāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pakṣiṇaḥ (पक्षिणः): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
paśavo (पशवो): paśavo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
narāḥ (नराः): a man; nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
dhārmikās (धार्मिकास्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
tridaśās (त्रिदशास्): The core matches the root śās, “to instruct.”
tadvan (तद्वन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
mokṣiṇaś (मोक्षिणश्): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yathākramam (यथाक्रमम्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”

सहस्रभागप्रथमा द्वितीयानुक्रमास् तथा सर्वे ह्य् एते महाभाग यावन् मुक्तिसमाश्रयाः

sahasrabhāgaprathamā dvitīyānukramās tathā sarve hy ete mahābhāga yāvan muktisamāśrayāḥ

[2.6.35] so all these

Word make-up

sahasrabhāgaprathamā (सहस्रभागप्रथमा): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
dvitīyānukramās (द्वितीयानुक्रमास्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
sarve (सर्वे): all; Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
mahābhāga (महाभाग): mahābhāga is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yāvan (यावन्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
muktisamāśrayāḥ (मुक्तिसमाश्रयाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”

यावन्तो जन्तवः स्वर्गे तावन्तो नरकौकसः पापकृद् याति नरकं प्रायश्चित्तपराङ्मुखः

yāvanto jantavaḥ svarge tāvanto narakaukasaḥ pāpakṛd yāti narakaṃ prāyaścittaparāṅmukhaḥ

[2.6.36] going

Word make-up

yāvanto (यावन्तो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
jantavaḥ (जन्तवः): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
svarge (स्वर्गे): svarge is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tāvanto (तावन्तो): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
narakaukasaḥ (नरकौकसः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
pāpakṛd (पापकृद्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
narakaṃ (नरकं): narakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prāyaścittaparāṅmukhaḥ (प्रायश्चित्तपराङ्मुखः): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”

पापानाम् अनुरूपाणि प्रायश्चित्तानि यद् यथा तथा तथैव संस्मृत्य प्रोक्तानि परमर्षिभिः

pāpānām anurūpāṇi prāyaścittāni yad yathā tathā tathaiva saṃsmṛtya proktāni paramarṣibhiḥ

[2.6.37] ill-deed form which as so likewise

Word make-up

pāpānām (पापानाम्): ill-deed; Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
anurūpāṇi (अनुरूपाणि): form; anu- (“along, after”) joined to rūpāṇi. rūpa: form, outward shape (what is seen). Not “beauty” first. Together the form means anu + that sense.
prāyaścittāni (प्रायश्चित्तानि): The core matches the root cit, “to perceive, to notice.”
yad (यद्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tathaiva (तथैव): likewise; tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
saṃsmṛtya (संस्मृत्य): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.” saṃ- (“together”) + smṛtya.
proktāni (प्रोक्तानि): proktāni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
paramarṣibhiḥ (परमर्षिभिः): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

पापे गुरूणि गुरुणि स्वल्पान्य् अल्पे च तद्विदः प्रायश्चित्तानि मैत्रेय जगुः स्वायंभुवादयः

pāpe gurūṇi guruṇi svalpāny alpe ca tadvidaḥ prāyaścittāni maitreya jaguḥ svāyaṃbhuvādayaḥ

[2.6.38] ill-deed little and

Word make-up

pāpe (पापे): ill-deed; Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
gurūṇi (गुरूणि): gurūṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
guruṇi (गुरुणि): guruṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
svalpāny (स्वल्पान्य्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
alpe (अल्पे): little; Inflected from alpa. alpa: little, small.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tadvidaḥ (तद्विदः): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.”
prāyaścittāni (प्रायश्चित्तानि): The core matches the root cit, “to perceive, to notice.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jaguḥ (जगुः): jaguḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
svāyaṃbhuvādayaḥ (स्वायंभुवादयः): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”

प्रायश्चित्तान्य् अशेषाणि तपःकर्मात्मकानि वै यानि तेषाम् अशेषाणां कृष्णानुस्मरणं परम्

prāyaścittāny aśeṣāṇi tapaḥkarmātmakāni vai yāni teṣām aśeṣāṇāṃ kṛṣṇānusmaraṇaṃ param

[2.6.39] a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇi indeed of them a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇāṃ beyond

Word make-up

prāyaścittāny (प्रायश्चित्तान्य्): The core matches the root cit, “to perceive, to notice.”
aśeṣāṇi (अशेषाणि): a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇi; a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇi.
tapaḥkarmātmakāni (तपःकर्मात्मकानि): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
yāni (यानि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
teṣām (तेषाम्): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
aśeṣāṇāṃ (अशेषाणां): a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇāṃ; a- (“not”) + śeṣāṇāṃ.
kṛṣṇānusmaraṇaṃ (कृष्णानुस्मरणं): The core matches the root kṛṣ, “to drag, to plough.”
param (परम्): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”

कृते पापे ऽनुतापो वै यस्य पुंसः प्रजायते प्रायश्चित्तं तु तस्यैकं हरिसंस्मरणं परम्

kṛte pāpe 'nutāpo vai yasya puṃsaḥ prajāyate prāyaścittaṃ tu tasyaikaṃ harisaṃsmaraṇaṃ param

[2.6.40] ill-deed indeed whose is born but beyond

Word make-up

kṛte (कृते): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
pāpe (पापे): ill-deed; Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
'nutāpo (ऽनुतापो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
yasya (यस्य): whose; Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
puṃsaḥ (पुंसः): puṃsaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prajāyate (प्रजायते): is born; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to jāyate. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born. Together the form means pra + that sense.
prāyaścittaṃ (प्रायश्चित्तं): The core matches the root cit, “to perceive, to notice.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tasyaikaṃ (तस्यैकं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
harisaṃsmaraṇaṃ (हरिसंस्मरणं): harisaṃsmaraṇaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
param (परम्): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”

प्रातर् निशि तथा संध्यामध्याह्नादिषु संस्मरन् नारायणम् अवाप्नोति सद्यः पापक्षयं नरः

prātar niśi tathā saṃdhyāmadhyāhnādiṣu saṃsmaran nārāyaṇam avāpnoti sadyaḥ pāpakṣayaṃ naraḥ

[2.6.41] so remembering a man

Word make-up

prātar (प्रातर्): prātar is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
niśi (निशि): niśi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
saṃdhyāmadhyāhnādiṣu (संध्यामध्याह्नादिषु): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyāmadhyāhnādiṣu.
saṃsmaran (संस्मरन्): remembering; saṃ- (“together”) joined to smaran. From smṛ, “to remember.” Remembering; remembers; having remembered; remember along (anu-smṛ). Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
nārāyaṇam (नारायणम्): nārāyaṇam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
avāpnoti (अवाप्नोति): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + vāpnoti.
sadyaḥ (सद्यः): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
pāpakṣayaṃ (पापक्षयं): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
naraḥ (नरः): a man; nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).

विष्णुसंस्मरणात् क्षीणसमस्तक्लेशसंचयः मुक्तिं प्रयाति स्वर्गाप्तिस् तस्य विघ्नो ऽनुमीयते

viṣṇusaṃsmaraṇāt kṣīṇasamastakleśasaṃcayaḥ muktiṃ prayāti svargāptis tasya vighno 'numīyate

[2.6.42] goes forth of that vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ghno

Word make-up

viṣṇusaṃsmaraṇāt (विष्णुसंस्मरणात्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇusaṃsmaraṇāt.
kṣīṇasamastakleśasaṃcayaḥ (क्षीणसमस्तक्लेशसंचयः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
muktiṃ (मुक्तिं): muktiṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prayāti (प्रयाति): goes forth; pra-yā, “to go forth.” Goes forth; a going-forth.
svargāptis (स्वर्गाप्तिस्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
vighno (विघ्नो): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ghno; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ghno.
'numīyate (ऽनुमीयते): 'numīyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

वासुदेवे मनो यस्य जपहोमार्चनादिषु तस्यान्तरायो मैत्रेय देवेन्द्रत्वादिकं फलम्

vāsudeve mano yasya japahomārcanādiṣu tasyāntarāyo maitreya devendratvādikaṃ phalam

[2.6.43] vāsudeve mind whose fruit

Word make-up

vāsudeve (वासुदेवे): ”; Inflected from vāsudeva. Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”
mano (मनो): mind; Inflected from mana. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
yasya (यस्य): whose; Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
japahomārcanādiṣu (जपहोमार्चनादिषु): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
tasyāntarāyo (तस्यान्तरायो): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
devendratvādikaṃ (देवेन्द्रत्वादिकं): devendratvādikaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
phalam (फलम्): fruit; Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.

क्व नाकपृष्ठगमनं पुनरावृत्तिलक्षणम् क्व जपो वासुदेवेति मुक्तिबीजम् अनुत्तमम्

kva nākapṛṣṭhagamanaṃ punarāvṛttilakṣaṇam kva japo vāsudeveti muktibījam anuttamam

[2.6.44] not upmost

Word make-up

kva (क्व): kva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nākapṛṣṭhagamanaṃ (नाकपृष्ठगमनं): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
punarāvṛttilakṣaṇam (पुनरावृत्तिलक्षणम्): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.”
kva (क्व): kva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
japo (जपो): japo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vāsudeveti (वासुदेवेति): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
muktibījam (मुक्तिबीजम्): muktibījam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anuttamam (अनुत्तमम्): not upmost; an- (“not,” before vowels) joined to uttamam. ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest. Together the form means an + that sense.

तस्माद् अहर्निशं विष्णुं संस्मरन् पुरुषो मुने न याति नरकं शुद्धः संक्षीणाखिलपातकः

tasmād aharniśaṃ viṣṇuṃ saṃsmaran puruṣo mune na yāti narakaṃ śuddhaḥ saṃkṣīṇākhilapātakaḥ

[2.6.45] a- (“not”) + harniśaṃ The pervading one remembering the Person not going

Word make-up

tasmād (तस्माद्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
aharniśaṃ (अहर्निशं): a- (“not”) + harniśaṃ; a- (“not”) + harniśaṃ.
viṣṇuṃ (विष्णुं): The pervading one; Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
saṃsmaran (संस्मरन्): remembering; saṃ- (“together”) joined to smaran. From smṛ, “to remember.” Remembering; remembers; having remembered; remember along (anu-smṛ). Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
puruṣo (पुरुषो): the Person; Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
mune (मुने): mune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
narakaṃ (नरकं): narakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śuddhaḥ (शुद्धः): śuddhaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃkṣīṇākhilapātakaḥ (संक्षीणाखिलपातकः): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” saṃ- (“together”) + kṣīṇākhilapātakaḥ.

मनःप्रीतिकरः स्वर्गो नरकस् तद्विपर्ययः नरकस्वर्गसंज्ञे वै पापपुण्ये द्विजोत्तम

manaḥprītikaraḥ svargo narakas tadviparyayaḥ narakasvargasaṃjñe vai pāpapuṇye dvijottama

[2.6.46] indeed twice-born

Word make-up

manaḥprītikaraḥ (मनःप्रीतिकरः): The core matches the root prī, “to please.”
svargo (स्वर्गो): svargo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
narakas (नरकस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tadviparyayaḥ (तद्विपर्ययः): tadviparyayaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
narakasvargasaṃjñe (नरकस्वर्गसंज्ञे): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
pāpapuṇye (पापपुण्ये): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
dvijottama (द्विजोत्तम): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

वस्त्व् एकम् एव दुःखाय सुखायेर्ष्योद्भवाय च कोपाय च यतस् तस्माद् वस्तु वस्त्वात्मकं कुतः

vastv ekam eva duḥkhāya sukhāyerṣyodbhavāya ca kopāya ca yatas tasmād vastu vastvātmakaṃ kutaḥ

[2.6.47] one just unease su- (“well, good”) + khāyerṣyodbhavāya and and from where

Word make-up

vastv (वस्त्व्): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
ekam (एकम्): one; eka: one. The one, a single.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
duḥkhāya (दुःखाय): unease; Inflected from duḥkha. dus- (“ill, hard”) + kha (“space, hole, axle-hole”). Ill-fitting; unease, pain. The opposite of sukha.
sukhāyerṣyodbhavāya (सुखायेर्ष्योद्भवाय): su- (“well, good”) + khāyerṣyodbhavāya; su- (“well, good”) + khāyerṣyodbhavāya.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kopāya (कोपाय): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yatas (यतस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tasmād (तस्माद्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
vastu (वस्तु): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
vastvātmakaṃ (वस्त्वात्मकं): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
kutaḥ (कुतः): from where; From ku- + tas: “from where? why?”

तद् एव प्रीतये भूत्वा पुनर् दुःखाय जायते तद् एव कोपाय यतः प्रसादाय च जायते

tad eva prītaye bhūtvā punar duḥkhāya jāyate tad eva kopāya yataḥ prasādāya ca jāyate

[2.6.48] that just having come to be again unease is born that just which settled-clearness and is born

Word make-up

tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
prītaye (प्रीतये): The core matches the root prī, “to please.”
bhūtvā (भूत्वा): having come to be; Gerund of bhū: “having come to be.”
punar (पुनर्): again; Adverb: “again, back.”
duḥkhāya (दुःखाय): unease; Inflected from duḥkha. dus- (“ill, hard”) + kha (“space, hole, axle-hole”). Ill-fitting; unease, pain. The opposite of sukha.
jāyate (जायते): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
kopāya (कोपाय): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
yataḥ (यतः): which; Inflected from yat. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
prasādāya (प्रसादाय): settled-clearness; Inflected from prasāda. pra-sad, “to sit forth, to settle.” Settled clearness; grace as a settling-down of favour. Not a temple sweet.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
jāyate (जायते): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

तस्माद् दुःखात्मकं नास्ति न च किंचित् सुखात्मकम् मनसः परिणामो ऽयं सुखदुःखादिलक्षणः

tasmād duḥkhātmakaṃ nāsti na ca kiṃcit sukhātmakam manasaḥ pariṇāmo 'yaṃ sukhaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ

[2.6.49] not and mind pari- (“around”) + ṇāmo su- (“well, good”) + khaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ

Word make-up

tasmād (तस्माद्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
duḥkhātmakaṃ (दुःखात्मकं): duḥkhātmakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nāsti (नास्ति): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kiṃcit (किंचित्): The core matches the root cit, “to perceive, to notice.”
sukhātmakam (सुखात्मकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.” su- (“well, good”) + khātmakam.
manasaḥ (मनसः): mind; From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
pariṇāmo (परिणामो): pari- (“around”) + ṇāmo; pari- (“around”) + ṇāmo.
'yaṃ (ऽयं): 'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sukhaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ (सुखदुःखादिलक्षणः): su- (“well, good”) + khaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ; su- (“well, good”) + khaduḥkhādilakṣaṇaḥ.

ज्ञानम् एव परं ब्रह्म ज्ञानं बन्धाय चेष्यते ज्ञानात्मकम् इदं विश्वं न ज्ञानाद् विद्यते परम्

jñānam eva paraṃ brahma jñānaṃ bandhāya ceṣyate jñānātmakam idaṃ viśvaṃ na jñānād vidyate param

[2.6.50] knowing just beyond that-which-is-vast (brahman) knowing this tomorrow not know beyond

Word make-up

jñānam (ज्ञानम्): knowing; From jñā, “to know.” Knowing; the known-as-knowledge. Not a mystic glow: the act and fruit of knowing.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
paraṃ (परं): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
brahma (ब्रह्म): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
jñānaṃ (ज्ञानं): knowing; From jñā, “to know.” Knowing; the known-as-knowledge. Not a mystic glow: the act and fruit of knowing.
bandhāya (बन्धाय): The core matches the root bandh, “to bind.”
ceṣyate (चेष्यते): ceṣyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jñānātmakam (ज्ञानात्मकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”
idaṃ (इदं): this; Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
viśvaṃ (विश्वं): tomorrow; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to śvaṃ. Indeclinable: “tomorrow.” Together the form means vi + that sense.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
jñānād (ज्ञानाद्): The core matches the root jñā, “to know.”
vidyate (विद्यते): know; From vid, “to know” (vetti, viduḥ, viddhi) or “to be found” (vidyate). Knows; they know; is found; know!
param (परम्): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”

विद्याविद्येति मैत्रेय ज्ञानम् एवोपधारय

vidyāvidyeti maitreya jñānam evopadhāraya

[2.6.51] knowing

Word make-up

vidyāvidyeti (विद्याविद्येति): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dyāvidyeti.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jñānam (ज्ञानम्): knowing; From jñā, “to know.” Knowing; the known-as-knowledge. Not a mystic glow: the act and fruit of knowing.
evopadhāraya (एवोपधारय): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”

एवम् एतन् मयाख्यातं भवतो मण्डलं भुवः पातालानि च सर्वाणि तथैव नरका द्विज

evam etan mayākhyātaṃ bhavato maṇḍalaṃ bhuvaḥ pātālāni ca sarvāṇi tathaiva narakā dvija

[2.6.52] just and all likewise twice-born

Word make-up

evam (एवम्): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
etan (एतन्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
mayākhyātaṃ (मयाख्यातं): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
bhavato (भवतो): bhavato is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
maṇḍalaṃ (मण्डलं): maṇḍalaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhuvaḥ (भुवः): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
pātālāni (पातालानि): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sarvāṇi (सर्वाणि): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
tathaiva (तथैव): likewise; tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
narakā (नरका): narakā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

समुद्राः पर्वताश् चैव द्वीपा वर्षाणि निम्नगाः संक्षेपात् सर्वम् आख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुम् इच्छसि

samudrāḥ parvatāś caiva dvīpā varṣāṇi nimnagāḥ saṃkṣepāt sarvam ākhyātaṃ kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi

[2.6.53] ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ all what again

Word make-up

samudrāḥ (समुद्राः): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udrāḥ.
parvatāś (पर्वताश्): parvatāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvīpā (द्वीपा): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
varṣāṇi (वर्षाणि): varṣāṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nimnagāḥ (निम्नगाः): ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ; ni- (“down, in”) + mnagāḥ.
saṃkṣepāt (संक्षेपात्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” saṃ- (“together”) + kṣepāt.
sarvam (सर्वम्): all; sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
ākhyātaṃ (आख्यातं): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + khyātaṃ.
kiṃ (किं): what; Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
bhūyaḥ (भूयः): again; Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
śrotum (श्रोतुम्): śrotum is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
icchasi (इच्छसि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

Viṣṇu Purāṇa

Dvitīya Aṃśa, Ṣaṣṭha Adhyāya

Devanagari scan