ācaṣṭe(आचष्टे)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + caṣṭe
ā- (“unto, fully”) + caṣṭe.
Word senses
Pañcama Aṃśa, Aṣṭatriṃśa Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
agni(अग्नि)
Fire as the eater and carrier of offerings
Inflected from agni. agni: fire, the driving fire (aṅg/ag, “to drive”). Fire as the eater and carrier of offerings.
ākaṇṭhamagnaṃ(आकण्ठमग्नं)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + kaṇṭhamagnaṃ
ā- (“unto, fully”) + kaṇṭhamagnaṃ.
ākarṇya(आकर्ण्य)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya
ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya.
ante(अन्ते)
end
anta: end, edge, death as the end. The limit.
anyathā(अन्यथा)
otherwise
anya + thā: “otherwise.”
aparyāptaṃ(अपर्याप्तं)
not sufficient
a- + paryāpta (pari-āp, fully reached). Not sufficient / beyond measure (disputed).
ārebhe(आरेभे)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rebhe
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rebhe.
arjuna name(अर्जुन)
Vocative arjuna: O Arjuna
Inflected from arjuna. arjuna: white, silvery, clear. From a root of brightness (raj/arg). The Pāṇḍava named for that brightness. Vocative arjuna: O Arjuna.
āropayitum(आरोपयितुम्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ropayitum
ā- (“unto, fully”) + ropayitum.
aṣṭau(अष्टौ)
eight
aṣṭan: eight.
asya(अस्य)
of this
Genitive of idam: “of this.”
ata(अत)
hence
Inflected from ata. From idam/a-tas: “hence, therefore.”
atikaṣṭaṃ(अतिकष्टं)
ati- (“beyond”) + kaṣṭaṃ
ati- (“beyond”) + kaṣṭaṃ.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
avatīrṇaḥ(अवतीर्णः)
ava- (“down, off”) + tīrṇaḥ
ava- (“down, off”) + tīrṇaḥ.
avatīrṇo(अवतीर्णो)
ava- (“down, off”) + tīrṇo
ava- (“down, off”) + tīrṇo.
āvayo(आवयो)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + vayo
ā- (“unto, fully”) + vayo.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bahūn(बहून्)
many
bahu: much, many.
balam(बलम्)
strength
bala: strength, force (from bal, “to be strong”).
balaṃ(बलं)
strength
bala: strength, force (from bal, “to be strong”).
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhagavat(भगवत्)
the Lord
Inflected from bhagavat. bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
bhīma name(भीम)
The Pāṇḍava Bhīma
Inflected from bhīma. From bhī, “to fear.” The fearful, the terrible. The Pāṇḍava Bhīma.
bhūya(भूय)
again
Inflected from bhūya. Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
brahma(ब्रह्म)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
dānam(दानम्)
giving
From dā, “to give.” Giving; the gift.
dattaṃ(दत्तं)
gives
From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devā(देवा)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devadeva(देवदेव)
god of gods
Inflected from devadeva. deva + deva: shining one of shining ones.
devadevaḥ(देवदेवः)
god of gods
deva + deva: shining one of shining ones.
devānāṃ(देवानां)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
dhanus(धनुस्)
bow
dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
eka(एक)
one
Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.
ekaṃ(एकं)
one
eka: one. The one, a single.
eṣa(एष)
this one
Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
etat(एतत्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
gacchati(गच्छति)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gāṇḍīva(गाण्डीव)
Gāṇḍīva, Arjuna’s bow
Inflected from gāṇḍīva. Gāṇḍīva, Arjuna’s bow.
gata(गत)
going
Inflected from gata. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gataḥ(गतः)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gataṃ(गतं)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
govindas name(गोविन्दस्)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
gṛhītvā(गृहीत्वा)
grasps
From grah, “to grasp.” Grasps; having grasped.
hata(हत)
striking
Inflected from hata. From han, “to strike, to slay.” Strikes; is struck; to slay; having slain.
idam(इदम्)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
idaṃ(इदं)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
jagati(जगति)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
jagatpatiḥ(जगत्पतिः)
master of the moving world
jagat + pati: master of the moving world.
janārdanaḥ name(जनार्दनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
jānāti(जानाति)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
jāta(जात)
is born
Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jātās(जातास्)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jita(जित)
victory
Inflected from jita. ji (“to conquer”); substantive: victory.
jitaḥ(जितः)
victory
ji (“to conquer”); substantive: victory.
jīvaṃ(जीवं)
the living one
From jīv, “to live.” The living one.
jñātvā(ज्ञात्वा)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
kaḥ(कः)
who
Nominative of kim: “who?” Interrogative stem ka-.
kāla(काल)
time
Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kālena(कालेन)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kalevaram(कलेवरम्)
husk-body
kalevara: the body as a husk/covering.
kāryaḥ(कार्यः)
what-is-to-be-done
Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
kāryam(कार्यम्)
what-is-to-be-done
Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
katham(कथम्)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
kathaṃ(कथं)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
kaunteya name(कौन्तेय)
Patronym
kaunteya: son of Kuntī. Patronym.
kaunteyaḥ name(कौन्तेयः)
Patronym
kaunteya: son of Kuntī. Patronym.
keśava name(केशव)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from keśava. keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
kim(किम्)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kṛṣṇa(कृष्ण)
Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from kṛṣṇa. kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
kṛṣṇaḥ(कृष्णः)
Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
kṛṣṇas(कृष्णस्)
Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
kuru(कुरु)
Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
kuru: the Kuru people/line. Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
labdhvā(लब्ध्वा)
obtaining
From labh, “to obtain.” Obtains; having obtained.
lobhaḥ(लोभः)
grasping-desire
From lubh, “to desire greedily.” Grasping-desire.
lokeṣu(लोकेषु)
world
From lok, “to see”: a seen-world.
mahatā(महता)
great
mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
mattas(मत्तस्)
from me
Ablative of asmad: from me.
mṛtyuḥ(मृत्युः)
dying
From mṛ, “to die.” Dying; death.
muni(मुनि)
silent thinker
Inflected from muni. From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
muniḥ(मुनिः)
silent thinker
From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
munis(मुनिस्)
silent thinker
From man, “to think,” or maun “silence.” The thinker / the silent one.
naiva(नैव)
not at all
na “not” + eva “just.”
nihateśvarāḥ(निहतेश्वराः)
ni- (“down, in”) + hateśvarāḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + hateśvarāḥ.
niḥśrīkaḥ(निःश्रीकः)
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥśrīkaḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥśrīkaḥ.
niḥśrīkatā(निःश्रीकता)
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥśrīkatā
ni- (“down, in”) + ḥśrīkatā.
nirlajjo(निर्लज्जो)
nir- (“out, without”) + lajjo
nir- (“out, without”) + lajjo.
niścakrāma(निश्चक्राम)
ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma
ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma.
nityaṃ(नित्यं)
continual
From ni- (“in, own”) + tya: what is in-dwelling, continual, one’s own as constant. Continually-there; not a calendar “eternal.”
nivartadhvam(निवर्तध्वम्)
ni- (“down, in”) + vartadhvam
ni- (“down, in”) + vartadhvam.
nivedyaitad(निवेद्यैतद्)
ni- (“down, in”) + vedyaitad
ni- (“down, in”) + vedyaitad.
niyata(नियत)
restrained
Inflected from niyata. ni-yam, “to restrain down.” Restrained. niyata-ātman: those of restrained self.
pāṇḍava name(पाण्डव)
The pale-king’s sons
Descendants of Pāṇḍu (pāṇḍu “pale”). The pale-king’s sons.
pāṇḍavaḥ name(पाण्डवः)
The pale-king’s sons
Descendants of Pāṇḍu (pāṇḍu “pale”). The pale-king’s sons.
pāpāt(पापात्)
ill-deed
pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
parābhavāt(पराभवात्)
parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + bhavāt
parā- (“away, forth beyond”) + bhavāt.
paraṃ(परं)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
pārtha name(पार्थ)
A patronym, not a mystical title
Inflected from pārtha. pārtha: son of Pṛthā (Kuntī). A patronym, not a mystical title.
pārthaḥ name(पार्थः)
A patronym, not a mystical title
pārtha: son of Pṛthā (Kuntī). A patronym, not a mystical title.
prabhoḥ(प्रभोः)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhoḥ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhoḥ.
prāha(प्राह)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
prahārāñ(प्रहाराञ्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + hārāñ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + hārāñ.
praṇemuḥ(प्रणेमुः)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇemuḥ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇemuḥ.
prāpya(प्राप्य)
reaching
pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
praśaśaṃsuś(प्रशशंसुश्)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + śaśaṃsuś
pra- (“forth, forward”) + śaśaṃsuś.
pratibhāti(प्रतिभाति)
prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + bhāti
prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + bhāti.
pravavrajuḥ(प्रवव्रजुः)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + vavrajuḥ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + vavrajuḥ.
prokta(प्रोक्त)
spoken forth
Inflected from prokta. pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
punaḥ(पुनः)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
punar(पुनर्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puṇḍarīkākṣaṃ name(पुण्डरीकाक्षं)
Lotus-eyed
puṇḍarīka (“lotus”) + akṣa (“eye”). Lotus-eyed.
purā(पुरा)
formerly
Indeclinable: “formerly, of old.”
puruṣottama(पुरुषोत्तम)
upmost Person
Inflected from puruṣottama. puruṣa + uttama (ud-tama, upmost). O upmost Person.
puruṣottamaḥ(पुरुषोत्तमः)
upmost Person
puruṣa + uttama (ud-tama, upmost). O upmost Person.
rathas(रथस्)
chariot
ratha: chariot, the going-vehicle (from ram/ṛ “to go”).
rūpam(रूपम्)
form
rūpa: form, outward shape (what is seen). Not “beauty” first.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sadā(सदा)
always
sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
samabhavat(समभवत्)
sam- (“together”) + abhavat
sam- (“together”) + abhavat.
saṃkṣayam(संक्षयम्)
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣayam
saṃ- (“together”) + kṣayam.
saṃskāraṃ(संस्कारं)
saṃ- (“together”) + skāraṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + skāraṃ.
samujjhite(समुज्झिते)
sam- (“together”) + ujjhite
sam- (“together”) + ujjhite.
sanātanam(सनातनम्)
age-long
sanā + tana: stretching from of old; age-long.
sarva(सर्व)
all
Inflected from sarva. sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvam(सर्वम्)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvaṃ(सर्वं)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvān(सर्वान्)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarvasya(सर्वस्य)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
śastrāṇi(शस्त्राणि)
cutting-weapon
From śas, “to cut.” A cutting-weapon.
satye(सत्ये)
being-true
From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.
stha(स्थ)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing; one who stands.
sthānaṃ(स्थानं)
standing
From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthita(स्थित)
standing
Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
suduḥkhito(सुदुःखितो)
su- (“well, good”) + duḥkhito
su- (“well, good”) + duḥkhito.
sudurmatiḥ(सुदुर्मतिः)
su- (“well, good”) + durmatiḥ
su- (“well, good”) + durmatiḥ.
śūnyam(शून्यम्)
empty
śūnya: empty.
tadā(तदा)
then
ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tān(तान्)
them
Inflected from tān. Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
tapas(तपस्)
heat
Inflected from tapas. From tap, “to heat, to burn.” Heat; the heating of oneself (austerity as inner heat, not grim duty).
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tatas(ततस्)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tathaiva(तथैव)
likewise
tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teja(तेज)
sharp-glow
Inflected from teja. From tij, “to be sharp.” Sharp-glow, brilliance.
tejas(तेजस्)
sharp-glow
From tij, “to be sharp.” Sharpness, brilliance, the cutting glow.
teṣām(तेषाम्)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
teṣāṃ(तेषां)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
traya(त्रय)
three
tri: three.
udīritam(उदीरितम्)
ud- (“up, out”) + īritam
ud- (“up, out”) + īritam.
uttatāra(उत्ततार)
ut- (“up, out”) + tatāra
ut- (“up, out”) + tatāra.
uttīrṇaṃ(उत्तीर्णं)
ut- (“up, out”) + tīrṇaṃ
ut- (“up, out”) + tīrṇaṃ.
vāpi(वापि)
or even
vā “or” + api “even.”
vāsudeva name(वासुदेव)
”
Inflected from vāsudeva. Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”
vibhāti(विभाति)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāti
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāti.
vicchāyaḥ(विच्छायः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchāyaḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchāyaḥ.
vicchāyo(विच्छायो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchāyo
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + cchāyo.
vinayenābhyavādayat(विनयेनाभ्यवादयत्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nayenābhyavādayat
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nayenābhyavādayat.
vipra(विप्र)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
viprebhyo(विप्रेभ्यो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prebhyo
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prebhyo.
viprendra(विप्रेन्द्र)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prendra
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + prendra.
vipro(विप्रो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pro
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pro.
virahe(विरहे)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rahe
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rahe.
virūparūpaṃ(विरूपरूपं)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rūparūpaṃ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + rūparūpaṃ.
viṣṇu(विष्णु)
The pervading one
Inflected from viṣṇu. From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
vistareṇa(विस्तरेण)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stareṇa
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + stareṇa.
viveśa(विवेश)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa.
vyāsa(व्यास)
The sage Vyāsa
Inflected from vyāsa. vi-as, “to throw apart”: the arranger, the divider (of the Veda). The sage Vyāsa.
yadi(यदि)
if
ya- + di: “if.”
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yudhi(युधि)
battle
From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.