Word senses – Pañcama Aṃśa, Pañcatriṃśa Adhyāya

ādattavān(आदत्तवान्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dattavān

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dattavān.

adya(अद्य)

today

Indeclinable: “today.”

āghūrṇitākāraṃ(आघूर्णिताकारं)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ghūrṇitākāraṃ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ghūrṇitākāraṃ.

āghūrṇitaṃ(आघूर्णितं)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ghūrṇitaṃ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ghūrṇitaṃ.

aparādhinām(अपराधिनाम्)

apa- (“away”) + rādhinām

apa- (“away”) + rādhinām.

arjuna name(अर्जुन)

Vocative arjuna: O Arjuna

Inflected from arjuna. arjuna: white, silvery, clear. From a root of brightness (raj/arg). The Pāṇḍava named for that brightness. Vocative arjuna: O Arjuna.

āropitā(आरोपिता)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ropitā

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ropitā.

āśu(आशु)

quickly

Indeclinable: “quickly.”

balam(बलम्)

strength

bala: strength, force (from bal, “to be strong”).

bhīma name(भीम)

The Pāṇḍava Bhīma

Inflected from bhīma. From bhī, “to fear.” The fearful, the terrible. The Pāṇḍava Bhīma.

bhīṣma name(भीष्म)

The Kuru grandfather

Inflected from bhīṣma. From bhīṣ, “to terrify.” The terrible (by vow). The Kuru grandfather.

bhūya(भूय)

again

Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”

brahman(ब्रह्मन्)

that-which-is-vast (brahman)

Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.

deva(देव)

shining one

Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”

diśaḥ(दिशः)

direction

diś: direction, quarter of the sky.

doṣa(दोष)

fault

Inflected from doṣa. From duṣ, “to spoil.” A fault; a spoiling.

droṇa name(द्रोण)

The teacher of arms

Inflected from droṇa. droṇa: a bucket, a wooden vessel. Named for the vessel in which he was born. The teacher of arms.

duryodhana name(दुर्योधन)

Hard-to-fight; ill-fighter as a name of the Kuru prince

Inflected from duryodhana. dur- (“hard, ill”) + yodhana (yudh, “to fight”). Hard-to-fight; ill-fighter as a name of the Kuru prince.

dvija(द्विज)

twice-born

dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

eka(एक)

one

Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.

eṣa(एष)

this one

Masculine of etad: “this one.”

etad(एतद्)

this

Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.

gatvā(गत्वा)

going

From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.

gṛhītvā(गृहीत्वा)

grasps

From grah, “to grasp.” Grasps; having grasped.

icchāmi(इच्छामि)

I wish

From iṣ, “to wish.” I wish.

kaḥ(कः)

who

Nominative of kim: “who?” Interrogative stem ka-.

karṇa name(कर्ण)

The chariot-warrior

Inflected from karṇa. karṇa: ear. Born with earrings (kuṇḍala), named from the ear. The chariot-warrior.

kim(किम्)

what

Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”

krodhaṃ(क्रोधं)

anger

From krudh, “to be angry.” Anger as a heating-up against.

kuravaḥ(कुरवः)

Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”

kuru: the Kuru people/line. Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”

kuru(कुरु)

Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”

Inflected from kuru. kuru: the Kuru people/line. Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”

mahābāho(महाबाहो)

O great-armed

mahā “great” + bāhu “arm.” O great-armed one.

mat(मत्)

my

Inflected from mat. mad-/mat- from asmad, the “I” stem: my, of me, coming from me.

mattaḥ(मत्तः)

from me

Ablative of asmad: from me.

nivārya(निवार्य)

ni- (“down, in”) + vārya

ni- (“down, in”) + vārya.

niveditaḥ(निवेदितः)

ni- (“down, in”) + veditaḥ

ni- (“down, in”) + veditaḥ.

prāha(प्राह)

spoken forth

pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.

praṇatir(प्रणतिर्)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇatir

pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇatir.

pratīcched(प्रतीच्छेद्)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīcched

pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīcched.

sa(स)

he

Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

sā(सा)

she

Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”

sarvaṃ(सर्वं)

all

sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.

sarve(सर्वे)

all

Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”

śrutvā(श्रुत्वा)

hearing

From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

sthitvā(स्थित्वा)

standing

From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.

tadā(तदा)

then

ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”

taṃ(तं)

him

Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”

tān(तान्)

them

Accusative plural of tad: “them.”

tataḥ(ततः)

then

From tad + tas: “from that, then.”

tatas(ततस्)

then

From tad + tas: “from that, then.”

udakaṃ(उदकं)

ud- (“up, out”) + akaṃ

ud- (“up, out”) + akaṃ.

utthāya(उत्थाय)

ut- (“up, out”) + thāya

ut- (“up, out”) + thāya.

varaḥ(वरः)

best

From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.

viḍambitaiḥ(विडम्बितैः)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ḍambitaiḥ

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ḍambitaiḥ.

vimuñcata(विमुञ्चत)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + muñcata

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + muñcata.

viveśa(विवेश)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa.

yādava(यादव)

Of the Yadu line

Inflected from yādava. Of the Yadu line.

yādavaḥ(यादवः)

Of the Yadu line

Of the Yadu line.

yudhi(युधि)

battle

From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.