adhikāṃ(अधिकां)
adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāṃ
adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāṃ.
Word senses
Pañcama Aṃśa, Triṃśa Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
apaśyato(अपश्यतो)
apa- (“away”) + śyato
apa- (“away”) + śyato.
ārādhito(आराधितो)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhito
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhito.
ārādhya(आराध्य)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhya
ā- (“unto, fully”) + rādhya.
asya(अस्य)
of this
Genitive of idam: “of this.”
ātmabhavakṣayam(आत्मभवक्षयम्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmabhavakṣayam
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmabhavakṣayam.
ātmamūrtibhir(आत्ममूर्तिभिर्)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmamūrtibhir
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmamūrtibhir.
ātmavimuktaye(आत्मविमुक्तये)
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmavimuktaye
ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmavimuktaye.
avaśyam(अवश्यम्)
ava- (“down, off”) + śyam
ava- (“down, off”) + śyam.
ayaṃ(अयं)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhakta(भक्त)
sharing-in
Inflected from bhakta. From bhaj, “to share, to resort to.” Sharing-in (instrumental bhaktyā); one who shares in / resorts to (bhakta).
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
bhūteśa(भूतेश)
master of beings
bhūta + īśa: master of beings.
cāpa(चाप)
bow
Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devā(देवा)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devāḥ(देवाः)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
devān(देवान्)
shining one
From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
diśa(दिश)
direction
Inflected from diśa. diś: direction, quarter of the sky.
diśaḥ(दिशः)
direction
diś: direction, quarter of the sky.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
eka(एक)
one
Inflected from eka. eka: one. The one, a single.
enam(एनम्)
him
Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”
enaṃ(एनं)
him
Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”
eṣa(एष)
this one
Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etad(एतद्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
etāṃ(एतां)
this
Accusative of etad: this.
etat(एतत्)
this
Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gatvā(गत्वा)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
govinda name(गोविन्द)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from govinda. go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
gṛhṇāti(गृह्णाति)
grasps
From grah, “to grasp.” Grasps; having grasped.
hṛṣīkeśa name(हृषीकेश)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from hṛṣīkeśa. hṛṣīka (“sense-power”) + īśa (“master”). Master of the sense-powers. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
indra(इन्द्र)
The shining king of gods
Inflected from indra. indra: the shining chief of the gods; often from a root of drop/power. The shining king of gods.
indriyāṇāṃ(इन्द्रियाणां)
sense-powers
indriya: a sense-power, a faculty that seizes.
jagat(जगत्)
the moving world
From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
janārdana name(जनार्दन)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from janārdana. jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
janārdanaḥ name(जनार्दनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
jātaṃ(जातं)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jāyate(जायते)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jita(जित)
victory
Inflected from jita. ji (“to conquer”); substantive: victory.
jñāyate(ज्ञायते)
is known
Passive of jñā: it is known.
kāma(काम)
desire
Inflected from kāma. From kam, “to wish, to desire.” Wish; desire. Not only sexual desire.
kāmān(कामान्)
desire
From kam: desire, wish.
karmaṇā(कर्मणा)
action
Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
kartā(कर्ता)
the doer
Agent noun from kṛ, “to do.” The doer.
kathaṃ(कथं)
how
ka- + tham: “how?”
keśavaḥ name(केशवः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
keśa (“hair”) + -va: having fine hair; or slayer of Keśin. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
kṛṣṇa(कृष्ण)
Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from kṛṣṇa. kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
kuru(कुरु)
Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
kuru: the Kuru people/line. Vocative kuru can also be imperative of kṛ, “do!”
mādhava name(माधव)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Descendant of Madhu (the Yadu line); or mā (Lakṣmī) + dhava (“man, husband”). A name of Kṛṣṇa.
madhusūdanaḥ name(मधुसूदनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Madhu (a demon’s name) + sūdana (sūd, “to kill”). Slayer of Madhu. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
madhye(मध्ये)
middle
madhya: middle.
mana(मन)
mind
Inflected from mana. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
manas(मनस्)
mind
Inflected from manas. From man, “to think, to mind.” The thinking organ; mind as what thinks, not a ghost.
māyā(माया)
measuring-out
Inflected from māyā. From mā, “to measure, to form.” The measuring-out, the making-appear. Not “illusion” as a cheap trick.
mokṣa(मोक्ष)
release
Inflected from mokṣa. From muc, “to release, to let go.” Release; the letting-loose. Not a place-name for heaven.
namaḥ(नमः)
a bow, salutation
From nam, “to bow.” A bow, salutation.
namas(नमस्)
a bow, salutation
From nam, “to bow.” A bow, salutation.
nirudhyate(निरुध्यते)
nir- (“out, without”) + udhyate
nir- (“out, without”) + udhyate.
nivāraṇam(निवारणम्)
ni- (“down, in”) + vāraṇam
ni- (“down, in”) + vāraṇam.
paṇḍitāḥ(पण्डिताः)
a learned one
paṇḍita: learned, from a stem of wisdom/heap. One who knows.
paraṃ(परं)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
prāha(प्राह)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
praṇaṣṭavajraṃ(प्रणष्टवज्रं)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇaṣṭavajraṃ
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇaṣṭavajraṃ.
praṇetā(प्रणेता)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇetā
pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇetā.
praviśya(प्रविश्य)
entering
From viś, “to enter.” They enter; enters; having entered.
prayayau(प्रययौ)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayau
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayau.
punaḥ(पुनः)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
puṇḍarīkākṣa name(पुण्डरीकाक्ष)
Lotus-eyed
puṇḍarīka (“lotus”) + akṣa (“eye”). Lotus-eyed.
puruṣa(पुरुष)
the Person
Inflected from puruṣa. Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
rudra name(रुद्र)
” The howler; Rudra, later a name of Śiva
Inflected from rudra. From rud, “to howl, to cry.” The howler; Rudra, later a name of Śiva.
rūpaṃ(रूपं)
form
rūpa: form, outward shape (what is seen). Not “beauty” first.
rūpeṇa(रूपेण)
form
rūpa: form, outward shape (what is seen). Not “beauty” first.
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
saṃkule(संकुले)
saṃ- (“together”) + kule
saṃ- (“together”) + kule.
sarvaṃ(सर्वं)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
śastram(शस्त्रम्)
cutting-weapon
From śas, “to cut.” A cutting-weapon.
śāśvataṃ(शाश्वतं)
everlasting
From śaśvat “ever.” Everlasting as “through the ages,” still not akṣara.
satya(सत्य)
being-true
Inflected from satya. From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.
satyaṃ(सत्यं)
being-true
From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.
satye(सत्ये)
being-true
From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.
sthita(स्थित)
standing
Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthūla(स्थूल)
gross
Inflected from sthūla. sthūla: bulky, gross.
subhru(सुभ्रु)
su- (“well, good”) + bhru
su- (“well, good”) + bhru.
sūkṣma(सूक्ष्म)
fine
Inflected from sūkṣma. sūkṣma: fine, subtle.
sumahābhāga(सुमहाभाग)
su- (“well, good”) + mahābhāga
su- (“well, good”) + mahābhāga.
surādhipaḥ(सुराधिपः)
su- (“well, good”) + rādhipaḥ
su- (“well, good”) + rādhipaḥ.
surāḥ(सुराः)
shining one
sura: a shining one, a god. Parallel to deva (div, “to shine”).
surāraṇim(सुरारणिम्)
su- (“well, good”) + rāraṇim
su- (“well, good”) + rāraṇim.
svayaṃ(स्वयं)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
tam(तम्)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tathaiva(तथैव)
likewise
tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
upacāreṇa(उपचारेण)
upa- (“near, toward”) + cāreṇa
upa- (“near, toward”) + cāreṇa.
vacanaṃ(वचनं)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
vibho(विभो)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bho
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bho.
vijetuṃ(विजेतुं)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + jetuṃ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + jetuṃ.
ya(य)
who
Inflected from ya. Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yadi(यदि)
if
ya- + di: “if.”
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
yuddha(युद्ध)
battle
Inflected from yuddha. From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.