Word senses – Caturtha Aṃśa, Trayodaśa Adhyāya

abhilaṣitavān(अभिलषितवान्)

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣitavān

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣitavān.

abhilaṣyatām(अभिलष्यताम्)

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣyatām

abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + laṣyatām.

ācacakṣe(आचचक्षे)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + cacakṣe

ā- (“unto, fully”) + cacakṣe.

acyuta name(अच्युत)

Unfallen; he who does not fall away

Inflected from acyuta. a- (“not”) + cyuta (cyu, “to fall, to drop”). Unfallen; he who does not fall away.

adha(अध)

below

Inflected from adha. Indeclinable: “below.”

ādipuruṣaṃ(आदिपुरुषं)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dipuruṣaṃ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dipuruṣaṃ.

āditya(आदित्य)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ditya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ditya.

ādityadattaṃ(आदित्यदत्तं)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dityadattaṃ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dityadattaṃ.

ādityaḥ(आदित्यः)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dityaḥ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dityaḥ.

ādityam(आदित्यम्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dityam

ā- (“unto, fully”) + dityam.

adya(अद्य)

today

Indeclinable: “today.”

āgatya(आगत्य)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + gatya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + gatya.

āhākrūraḥ(आहाक्रूरः)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + hākrūraḥ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + hākrūraḥ.

ājagāma(आजगाम)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagāma

ā- (“unto, fully”) + jagāma.

ākarṇya(आकर्ण्य)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + karṇya.

ālocya(आलोच्य)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + locya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + locya.

ālocyatām(आलोच्यताम्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + locyatām

ā- (“unto, fully”) + locyatām.

alpa(अल्प)

little

Inflected from alpa. alpa: little, small.

ānakadundubhiṃ(आनकदुन्दुभिं)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + nakadundubhiṃ

ā- (“unto, fully”) + nakadundubhiṃ.

anta(अन्त)

end

Inflected from anta. anta: end, edge, death as the end. The limit.

ānukūlyakaraṇāya(आनुकूल्यकरणाय)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + nukūlyakaraṇāya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + nukūlyakaraṇāya.

anyathā(अन्यथा)

otherwise

anya + thā: “otherwise.”

apagatayuddhakhedaṃ(अपगतयुद्धखेदं)

apa- (“away”) + gatayuddhakhedaṃ

apa- (“away”) + gatayuddhakhedaṃ.

apakrānte(अपक्रान्ते)

apa- (“away”) + krānte

apa- (“away”) + krānte.

ārabhya(आरभ्य)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + rabhya

ā- (“unto, fully”) + rabhya.

āropitam(आरोपितम्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ropitam

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ropitam.

ārūḍhā(आरूढा)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + rūḍhā

ā- (“unto, fully”) + rūḍhā.

āruroha(आरुरोह)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ruroha

ā- (“unto, fully”) + ruroha.

āśaṅkitavāṃs(आशङ्कितवांस्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + śaṅkitavāṃs

ā- (“unto, fully”) + śaṅkitavāṃs.

aṣṭau(अष्टौ)

eight

aṣṭan: eight.

asya(अस्य)

of this

Genitive of idam: “of this.”

ata(अत)

hence

Inflected from ata. From idam/a-tas: “hence, therefore.”

atiguṇavaty(अतिगुणवत्य्)

ati- (“beyond”) + guṇavaty

ati- (“beyond”) + guṇavaty.

atipraṇatāt(अतिप्रणतात्)

ati- (“beyond”) + praṇatāt

ati- (“beyond”) + praṇatāt.

ātmageha(आत्मगेह)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmageha

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmageha.

ātmajām(आत्मजाम्)

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajām

ā- (“unto, fully”) + tmajām.

ātmanā(आत्मना)

the self

ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.

ātmānam(आत्मानम्)

the self

ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.

ātmānaṃ(आत्मानं)

the self

ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.

atra(अत्र)

here

a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.

avagataratnalobhaḥ(अवगतरत्नलोभः)

ava- (“down, off”) + gataratnalobhaḥ

ava- (“down, off”) + gataratnalobhaḥ.

avaśyam(अवश्यम्)

ava- (“down, off”) + śyam

ava- (“down, off”) + śyam.

avaśyaṃ(अवश्यं)

ava- (“down, off”) + śyaṃ

ava- (“down, off”) + śyaṃ.

avatāryaikānte(अवतार्यैकान्ते)

ava- (“down, off”) + tāryaikānte

ava- (“down, off”) + tāryaikānte.

ayam(अयम्)

this

Masculine of idam: “this one.”

ayaṃ(अयं)

this

Masculine of idam: “this one.”

bhagavān(भगवान्)

the Lord

bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.

bhagavat(भगवत्)

the Lord

Inflected from bhagavat. bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.

bhavān(भवान्)

you

Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).

brāhmaṇa(ब्राह्मण)

a brāhmaṇa

Inflected from brāhmaṇa. Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.

cāpa(चाप)

bow

Inflected from cāpa. dhanus: bow. cāpa also bow.

dattvā(दत्त्वा)

gives

From dā, “to give.” Gives; having given; given.

deva(देव)

shining one

Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”

duryodhanas name(दुर्योधनस्)

Hard-to-fight; ill-fighter as a name of the Kuru prince

dur- (“hard, ill”) + yodhana (yudh, “to fight”). Hard-to-fight; ill-fighter as a name of the Kuru prince.

enam(एनम्)

him

Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”

enaṃ(एनं)

him

Accusative of anaphoric ena-: “him, this one already in view.”

eṣa(एष)

this one

Masculine of etad: “this one.”

etad(एतद्)

this

Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.

etāṃ(एतां)

this

Accusative of etad: this.

etat(एतत्)

this

Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.

gata(गत)

going

Inflected from gata. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.

gataḥ(गतः)

going

From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.

gatam(गतम्)

going

From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.

gatvā(गत्वा)

going

From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.

gīyate(गीयते)

is sung

Passive of gai, “to sing.” It is sung.

guṇam(गुणम्)

strand

A strand, a thread, then a constituent quality. In Sāṅkhya, the three strands that braid experience. Not a moral “virtue.”

hasta(हस्त)

hand

Inflected from hasta. hasta: hand. kara from kṛ, “doer,” also hand.

idam(इदम्)

this

Neuter of idam: “this” (near).

idaṃ(इदं)

this

Neuter of idam: “this” (near).

iyam(इयम्)

this

Feminine of idam: “this.”

janārdanas name(जनार्दनस्)

A name of Kṛṣṇa

jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.

jātā(जाता)

is born

From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

jātaḥ(जातः)

is born

From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

kālam(कालम्)

time

kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.

kālena(कालेन)

time

kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.

kāraṇaṃ(कारणं)

the causing

From kṛ: the causing; a cause as that which makes.

kāryaḥ(कार्यः)

what-is-to-be-done

Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”

kāryam(कार्यम्)

what-is-to-be-done

Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”

katham(कथम्)

how

ka- + tham: “how?”

kathaṃ(कथं)

how

ka- + tham: “how?”

kathaṃcit(कथंचित्)

somehow

katham + cid: “somehow.”

kathaya(कथय)

tell

Inflected from kathaya. From kath, “to tell.” Tell!; tells.

kim(किम्)

what

Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”

kiṃ(किं)

what

Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”

kṛṣṇa(कृष्ण)

Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa

Inflected from kṛṣṇa. kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.

kṛṣṇaḥ(कृष्णः)

Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.

naiva(नैव)

not at all

na “not” + eva “just.”

nāma(नाम)

name

nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.

nighno(निघ्नो)

ni- (“down, in”) + ghno

ni- (“down, in”) + ghno.

nihatya(निहत्य)

ni- (“down, in”) + hatya

ni- (“down, in”) + hatya.

nijakaṇṭhād(निजकण्ठाद्)

ni- (“down, in”) + jakaṇṭhād

ni- (“down, in”) + jakaṇṭhād.

niścakrāma(निश्चक्राम)

ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma

ni- (“down, in”) + ścakrāma.

parituṣṭāntaḥkaraṇo(परितुष्टान्तःकरणो)

pari- (“around”) + tuṣṭāntaḥkaraṇo

pari- (“around”) + tuṣṭāntaḥkaraṇo.

pitā(पिता)

father

pitṛ: father (the protector/nourisher).

pradadau(प्रददौ)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + dadau

pra- (“forth, forward”) + dadau.

prāha(प्राह)

spoken forth

pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.

prāṇa(प्राण)

forward-breath

Inflected from prāṇa. pra- (“forth”) + an, “to breathe.” Forward-breath; the breath of life.

prapautre(प्रपौत्रे)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + pautre

pra- (“forth, forward”) + pautre.

pratidinaṃ(प्रतिदिनं)

prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + dinaṃ

prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + dinaṃ.

praviveśa(प्रविवेश)

pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa

pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa.

punar(पुनर्)

again

Adverb: “again, back.”

pūrṇa(पूर्ण)

full

Inflected from pūrṇa. From pṝ, “to fill.” Filled, full.

puruṣa(पुरुष)

the Person

Inflected from puruṣa. Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.

puruṣottama(पुरुषोत्तम)

upmost Person

Inflected from puruṣottama. puruṣa + uttama (ud-tama, upmost). O upmost Person.

ratha(रथ)

chariot

ratha: chariot, the going-vehicle (from ram/ṛ “to go”).

rathaḥ(रथः)

chariot

ratha: chariot, the going-vehicle (from ram/ṛ “to go”).

sa(स)

he

Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”

sā(सा)

she

Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”

samaḥ(समः)

even

sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.

samarpitam(समर्पितम्)

sam- (“together”) + arpitam

sam- (“together”) + arpitam.

samarpitaṃ(समर्पितं)

sam- (“together”) + arpitaṃ

sam- (“together”) + arpitaṃ.

samarpito(समर्पितो)

sam- (“together”) + arpito

sam- (“together”) + arpito.

samarpyatām(समर्प्यताम्)

sam- (“together”) + arpyatām

sam- (“together”) + arpyatām.

samavekṣya(समवेक्ष्य)

sam- (“together”) + avekṣya

sam- (“together”) + avekṣya.

saṃgṛhya(संगृह्य)

saṃ- (“together”) + gṛhya

saṃ- (“together”) + gṛhya.

saṃjñāḥ(संज्ञाः)

named

sam-jñā, “together-know”: a name, a designation. sañjñita: named.

saṃśaya(संशय)

doubt

Inflected from saṃśaya. sam-śī, “to lie together (in two minds).” Doubt.

śaraṇam(शरणम्)

shelter

śaraṇa: shelter, from śṛ “to break” (a broken-place as refuge) or śri. Refuge as a shelter.

sarva(सर्व)

all

sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.

ṣaṭ(षट्)

six

ṣaṣ: six.

satya(सत्य)

being-true

Inflected from satya. From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.

satye(सत्ये)

being-true

From sat, “being” (as, “to be”). Being-true; what is as it is.

siṃha(सिंह)

lion

Inflected from siṃha. siṃha: lion.

siṃhaḥ(सिंहः)

lion

siṃha: lion.

smarati(स्मरति)

remembering

From smṛ, “to remember.” Remembering; remembers; having remembered; remember along (anu-smṛ).

śreṣṭha(श्रेष्ठ)

most excellent

Inflected from śreṣṭha. Superlative of śrī-related “excellent.” The most excellent.

sumahāṃś(सुमहांश्)

su- (“well, good”) + mahāṃś

su- (“well, good”) + mahāṃś.

sumitro(सुमित्रो)

su- (“well, good”) + mitro

su- (“well, good”) + mitro.

suptam(सुप्तम्)

su- (“well, good”) + ptam

su- (“well, good”) + ptam.

sūrya(सूर्य)

the sun

Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.

śvaḥ(श्वः)

tomorrow

Indeclinable: “tomorrow.”

tam(तम्)

him

Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”

taṃ(तं)

him

Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”

tān(तान्)

them

Accusative plural of tad: “them.”

tataḥ(ततः)

then

From tad + tas: “from that, then.”

tatas(ततस्)

then

From tad + tas: “from that, then.”

tatra(तत्र)

there

ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”

tiṣṭhati(तिष्ठति)

standing

From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.

uddiśya(उद्दिश्य)

ud- (“up, out”) + diśya

ud- (“up, out”) + diśya.

uddyotitam(उद्द्योतितम्)

ud- (“up, out”) + dyotitam

ud- (“up, out”) + dyotitam.

udyata(उद्यत)

ud- (“up, out”) + yata

ud- (“up, out”) + yata.

vacanam(वचनम्)

speech

From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.

varam(वरम्)

best

From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.

vāsudeva name(वासुदेव)

”

Inflected from vāsudeva. Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”

vāsudevaḥ name(वासुदेवः)

”

Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”

vihaṃgā(विहंगा)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + haṃgā

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + haṃgā.

viṣaye(विषये)

sense-object

vi- + si “to throw”: what is thrown before one; a sense-object, a domain.

viveśa(विवेश)

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa

vi- (“apart, asunder”) + veśa.

ya(य)

who

Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”

yadā(यदा)

when

ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”

yādava(यादव)

Of the Yadu line

Inflected from yādava. Of the Yadu line.

yaḥ(यः)

who

Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”

yajñān(यज्ञान्)

offering

From yaj, “to offer.” The offering.

yas(यस्)

who

Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”

yathā(यथा)

as

ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”

yatra(यत्र)

where

ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”

yuddham(युद्धम्)

battle

From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.