Dvitīya Aṃśa, Aṣṭama Adhyāya

इति श्रीविष्णुपुराणे द्वितीये ऽंशे सप्तमो ऽध्यायः व्याख्यातम् एतद् ब्रह्माण्डसंस्थानं तव सुव्रत ततः प्रमाणसंस्थाने सूर्यादीनां शृणुष्व मे

[[iti śrīviṣṇupurāṇe dvitīye 'ṃśe saptamo 'dhyāyaḥ ]] vyākhyātam etad brahmāṇḍasaṃsthānaṃ tava suvrata tataḥ pramāṇasaṃsthāne sūryādīnāṃ śṛṇuṣva me

[2.8.1] this your su- (“well, good”) + vrata then my

Word make-up

[[iti (इति): [[iti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śrīviṣṇupurāṇe (श्रीविष्णुपुराणे): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
dvitīye (द्वितीये): dvitīye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'ṃśe (ऽंशे): 'ṃśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saptamo (सप्तमो): saptamo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'dhyāyaḥ (ऽध्यायः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
]]: ]] is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vyākhyātam (व्याख्यातम्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
etad (एतद्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
brahmāṇḍasaṃsthānaṃ (ब्रह्माण्डसंस्थानं): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.”
tava (तव): your; Genitive of yuṣmad: “your.”
suvrata (सुव्रत): su- (“well, good”) + vrata; su- (“well, good”) + vrata.
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
pramāṇasaṃsthāne (प्रमाणसंस्थाने): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + māṇasaṃsthāne.
sūryādīnāṃ (सूर्यादीनां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
śṛṇuṣva (शृणुष्व): śṛṇuṣva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”

योजनानां सहस्राणि भास्करस्य रथो नव ईषादण्डस् तथैवास्य द्विगुणो मुनिसत्तम

yojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi bhāskarasya ratho nava īṣādaṇḍas tathaivāsya dviguṇo munisattama

[2.8.2] chariot nine

Word make-up

yojanānāṃ (योजनानां): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
sahasrāṇi (सहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
bhāskarasya (भास्करस्य): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
ratho (रथो): chariot; Inflected from ratha. ratha: chariot, the going-vehicle (from ram/ṛ “to go”).
nava (नव): nine; navan: nine. Also nava “new.”
īṣādaṇḍas (ईषादण्डस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathaivāsya (तथैवास्य): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
dviguṇo (द्विगुणो): dviguṇo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
munisattama (मुनिसत्तम): munisattama is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

सार्धकोटिस् तथा सप्त नियुतान्य् अधिकानि वै योजनानां तु तस्याक्षस् तत्र चक्रं प्रतिष्ठितम्

sārdhakoṭis tathā sapta niyutāny adhikāni vai yojanānāṃ tu tasyākṣas tatra cakraṃ pratiṣṭhitam

[2.8.3] so seven ni- (“down, in”) + yutāny adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāni indeed but there

Word make-up

sārdhakoṭis (सार्धकोटिस्): sārdhakoṭis is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
niyutāny (नियुतान्य्): ni- (“down, in”) + yutāny; ni- (“down, in”) + yutāny.
adhikāni (अधिकानि): adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāni; adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) + kāni.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
yojanānāṃ (योजनानां): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tasyākṣas (तस्याक्षस्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
cakraṃ (चक्रं): cakraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pratiṣṭhitam (प्रतिष्ठितम्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + ṣṭhitam.

त्रिनाभिमति पञ्चारे षण्णेमिन्य् अक्षयात्मके संवत्सरमये कृत्स्नं कालचक्रं प्रतिष्ठितम्

trinābhimati pañcāre ṣaṇṇeminy akṣayātmake saṃvatsaramaye kṛtsnaṃ kālacakraṃ pratiṣṭhitam

[2.8.4] the whole

Word make-up

trinābhimati (त्रिनाभिमति): trinābhimati is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pañcāre (पञ्चारे): pañcāre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ṣaṇṇeminy (षण्णेमिन्य्): ṣaṇṇeminy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
akṣayātmake (अक्षयात्मके): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + kṣayātmake.
saṃvatsaramaye (संवत्सरमये): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” saṃ- (“together”) + vatsaramaye.
kṛtsnaṃ (कृत्स्नं): the whole; From kṛt, related to cutting/completing: the whole, entire.
kālacakraṃ (कालचक्रं): kālacakraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pratiṣṭhitam (प्रतिष्ठितम्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + ṣṭhitam.

चत्वारिंशत् सहस्राणि द्वितीयो ऽक्षो विवस्वतः पञ्चान्यानि तु सार्धानि स्यन्दनस्य महामते

catvāriṃśat sahasrāṇi dvitīyo 'kṣo vivasvataḥ pañcānyāni tu sārdhāni syandanasya mahāmate

[2.8.5] but

Word make-up

catvāriṃśat (चत्वारिंशत्): catvāriṃśat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sahasrāṇi (सहस्राणि): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
dvitīyo (द्वितीयो): dvitīyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'kṣo (ऽक्षो): 'kṣo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vivasvataḥ (विवस्वतः): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vasvataḥ.
pañcānyāni (पञ्चान्यानि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
sārdhāni (सार्धानि): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
syandanasya (स्यन्दनस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
mahāmate (महामते): mahāmate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

अक्षप्रमाणम् उभयोः प्रमाणं तद्युगार्धयोः ह्रस्वो ऽक्षस् तद्युगार्धं च ध्रुवाधारो रथस्य वै द्वितीये ऽक्षे तु तच् चक्रं संस्थितं मानसाचले

akṣapramāṇam ubhayoḥ pramāṇaṃ tadyugārdhayoḥ hrasvo 'kṣas tadyugārdhaṃ ca dhruvādhāro rathasya vai dvitīye 'kṣe tu tac cakraṃ saṃsthitaṃ mānasācale

[2.8.6] of both short and chariot indeed but standing

Word make-up

akṣapramāṇam (अक्षप्रमाणम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” a- (“not”) + kṣapramāṇam.
ubhayoḥ (उभयोः): of both; Genitive/locative dual of ubha: of both.
pramāṇaṃ (प्रमाणं): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + māṇaṃ.
tadyugārdhayoḥ (तद्युगार्धयोः): tadyugārdhayoḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hrasvo (ह्रस्वो): short; Inflected from hrasva. hrasva: short.
'kṣas (ऽक्षस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tadyugārdhaṃ (तद्युगार्धं): tadyugārdhaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dhruvādhāro (ध्रुवाधारो): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
rathasya (रथस्य): chariot; Inflected from ratha. ratha: chariot, the going-vehicle (from ram/ṛ “to go”).
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
dvitīye (द्वितीये): dvitīye is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'kṣe (ऽक्षे): 'kṣe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tac (तच्): tac is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cakraṃ (चक्रं): cakraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃsthitaṃ (संस्थितं): standing; saṃ- (“together”) joined to sthitaṃ. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands. Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
mānasācale (मानसाचले): The core matches the root cal, “to stir.”

हयाश् च सप्त छन्दांसि तेषां नामानि मे शृणु गायत्री च बृहत्य् उष्णिग् जगती त्रिष्टुब् एव च अनुष्टुप् पङ्क्तिर् इत्य् उक्ताश् छन्दांसि हरयो रवेः

hayāś ca sapta chandāṃsi teṣāṃ nāmāni me śṛṇu gāyatrī ca bṛhaty uṣṇig jagatī triṣṭub eva ca anuṣṭup paṅktir ity uktāś chandāṃsi harayo raveḥ

[2.8.7] and seven of them name my hearing and the moving world just and

Word make-up

hayāś (हयाश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sapta (सप्त): seven; saptan: seven.
chandāṃsi (छन्दांसि): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
nāmāni (नामानि): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.
gāyatrī (गायत्री): gāyatrī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
bṛhaty (बृहत्य्): The core matches the root bṛh, “to swell, to grow vast.”
uṣṇig (उष्णिग्): uṣṇig is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jagatī (जगती): the moving world; Inflected from jagat. From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
triṣṭub (त्रिष्टुब्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
anuṣṭup (अनुष्टुप्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” anu- (“along, after”) + ṣṭup.
paṅktir (पङ्क्तिर्): paṅktir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
uktāś (उक्ताश्): uktāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
chandāṃsi (छन्दांसि): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
harayo (हरयो): harayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
raveḥ (रवेः): raveḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

मानसोत्तरशैले तु पूर्वतो वासवी पुरी दक्षिणेन यमस्यान्या प्रतीच्यां वरुणस्य च उत्तरेण च सोमस्य तासां नामानि मे शृणु

mānasottaraśaile tu pūrvato vāsavī purī dakṣiṇena yamasyānyā pratīcyāṃ varuṇasya ca uttareṇa ca somasya tāsāṃ nāmāni me śṛṇu

[2.8.8] but and ut- (“up, out”) + tareṇa and the moon name my hearing

Word make-up

mānasottaraśaile (मानसोत्तरशैले): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
pūrvato (पूर्वतो): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
vāsavī (वासवी): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
purī (पुरी): purī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dakṣiṇena (दक्षिणेन): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
yamasyānyā (यमस्यान्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
pratīcyāṃ (प्रतीच्यां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīcyāṃ.
varuṇasya (वरुणस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
uttareṇa (उत्तरेण): ut- (“up, out”) + tareṇa; ut- (“up, out”) + tareṇa.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
somasya (सोमस्य): the moon; Inflected from soma. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
tāsāṃ (तासां): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
nāmāni (नामानि): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
me (मे): my; Enclitic of asmad: “my / to me / by me,” from the stem asmad “I.”
śṛṇu (शृणु): hearing; From śru, “to hear.” Hear!; hears; having heard; heard.

वस्वोकसारा शक्रस्य याम्या संयमनी तथा पुरी सुखा जलेशस्य सोमस्य च विभावरी

vasvokasārā śakrasya yāmyā saṃyamanī tathā purī sukhā jaleśasya somasya ca vibhāvarī

[2.8.9] so ease the moon and vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvarī

Word make-up

vasvokasārā (वस्वोकसारा): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
śakrasya (शक्रस्य): The core matches the root śak, “to be able.”
yāmyā (याम्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
saṃyamanī (संयमनी): The core matches the root man, “to think.” saṃ- (“together”) + yamanī.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
purī (पुरी): purī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sukhā (सुखा): ease; Inflected from sukha. su- (“well, good”) + kha (“axle-hole, space”). Well-fitting; ease. Not a thin “happiness.”
jaleśasya (जलेशस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
somasya (सोमस्य): the moon; Inflected from soma. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vibhāvarī (विभावरी): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvarī; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvarī.

काष्ठां गतो दक्षिणतः क्षिप्तेषुर् इव सर्पति मैत्रेय भगवान् भानुर् ज्योतिषां चक्रसंयुतः

kāṣṭhāṃ gato dakṣiṇataḥ kṣipteṣur iva sarpati maitreya bhagavān bhānur jyotiṣāṃ cakrasaṃyutaḥ

[2.8.10] going like the Lord

Word make-up

kāṣṭhāṃ (काष्ठां): kāṣṭhāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
gato (गतो): going; Inflected from gata. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
dakṣiṇataḥ (दक्षिणतः): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
kṣipteṣur (क्षिप्तेषुर्): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
iva (इव): like; Particle of comparison: “like, as if.”
sarpati (सर्पति): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhānur (भानुर्): bhānur is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jyotiṣāṃ (ज्योतिषां): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
cakrasaṃyutaḥ (चक्रसंयुतः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

अहोरात्रव्यवस्थानकारणं भगवान् रविः देवयानः परः पन्था योगिनां क्लेशसंक्षये

ahorātravyavasthānakāraṇaṃ bhagavān raviḥ devayānaḥ paraḥ panthā yogināṃ kleśasaṃkṣaye

[2.8.11] the Lord beyond of the yoked

Word make-up

ahorātravyavasthānakāraṇaṃ (अहोरात्रव्यवस्थानकारणं): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.” a- (“not”) + horātravyavasthānakāraṇaṃ.
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
raviḥ (रविः): raviḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
devayānaḥ (देवयानः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
paraḥ (परः): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
panthā (पन्था): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
yogināṃ (योगिनां): of the yoked; Genitive plural of yogin (yuj, “to yoke”): of those who are yoked.
kleśasaṃkṣaye (क्लेशसंक्षये): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

दिवसस्य रविर् मध्ये सर्वकालं व्यवस्थितः सर्वद्वीपेषु मैत्रेय निशार्धस्य च संमुखः

divasasya ravir madhye sarvakālaṃ vyavasthitaḥ sarvadvīpeṣu maitreya niśārdhasya ca saṃmukhaḥ

[2.8.12] middle and mouth

Word make-up

divasasya (दिवसस्य): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
ravir (रविर्): ravir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
madhye (मध्ये): middle; madhya: middle.
sarvakālaṃ (सर्वकालं): sarvakālaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vyavasthitaḥ (व्यवस्थितः): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
sarvadvīpeṣu (सर्वद्वीपेषु): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
niśārdhasya (निशार्धस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.” ni- (“down, in”) + śārdhasya.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
saṃmukhaḥ (संमुखः): mouth; saṃ- (“together”) joined to mukhaḥ. mukha: mouth, face, forefront. Together the form means saṃ + that sense.

उदयास्तमने चैव सर्वकालं तु संमुखे दिशास्व् अशेषासु तथा मैत्रेय विदिशासु च

udayāstamane caiva sarvakālaṃ tu saṃmukhe diśāsv aśeṣāsu tathā maitreya vidiśāsu ca

[2.8.13] but mouth so direction and

Word make-up

udayāstamane (उदयास्तमने): The core matches the root man, “to think.” ud- (“up, out”) + ayāstamane.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvakālaṃ (सर्वकालं): sarvakālaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
saṃmukhe (संमुखे): mouth; saṃ- (“together”) joined to mukhe. mukha: mouth, face, forefront. Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
diśāsv (दिशास्व्): The core matches the root śās, “to instruct.”
aśeṣāsu (अशेषासु): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” a- (“not”) + śeṣāsu.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vidiśāsu (विदिशासु): direction; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to diśāsu. diś: direction, quarter of the sky. Together the form means vi + that sense.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”

यैर् यत्र दृश्यते भास्वान् स तेषाम् उदयः स्मृतः तिरोभावं च यत्रैति तत्रैवास्तमनं रवेः

yair yatra dṛśyate bhāsvān sa teṣām udayaḥ smṛtaḥ tirobhāvaṃ ca yatraiti tatraivāstamanaṃ raveḥ

[2.8.14] where is seen he of them ud- (“up, out”) + ayaḥ and

Word make-up

yair (यैर्): yair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yatra (यत्र): where; ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
dṛśyate (दृश्यते): is seen; Passive of dṛś: it is seen.
bhāsvān (भास्वान्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
teṣām (तेषाम्): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
udayaḥ (उदयः): ud- (“up, out”) + ayaḥ; ud- (“up, out”) + ayaḥ.
smṛtaḥ (स्मृतः): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
tirobhāvaṃ (तिरोभावं): tirobhāvaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yatraiti (यत्रैति): yatraiti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatraivāstamanaṃ (तत्रैवास्तमनं): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
raveḥ (रवेः): raveḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

नैवास्तमनम् अर्कस्य नोदयः सर्वदा सतः उदयास्तमनाख्यं हि दर्शनादर्शनं रवेः

naivāstamanam arkasya nodayaḥ sarvadā sataḥ udayāstamanākhyaṃ hi darśanādarśanaṃ raveḥ

[2.8.15] what is for

Word make-up

naivāstamanam (नैवास्तमनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”
arkasya (अर्कस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + rkasya.
nodayaḥ (नोदयः): nodayaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sarvadā (सर्वदा): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
sataḥ (सतः): what is; Inflected from sat. Present participle of as, “to be”: “being, what is.”
udayāstamanākhyaṃ (उदयास्तमनाख्यं): The core matches the root man, “to think.” ud- (“up, out”) + ayāstamanākhyaṃ.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
darśanādarśanaṃ (दर्शनादर्शनं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
raveḥ (रवेः): raveḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

शक्रादीनां पुरे तिष्ठन् स्पृशत्य् एष पुरत्रयम् विकर्णौ द्वौ विकर्णस्थस् त्रीन् कोणान् द्वे पुरे तथा

śakrādīnāṃ pure tiṣṭhan spṛśaty eṣa puratrayam vikarṇau dvau vikarṇasthas trīn koṇān dve pure tathā

[2.8.16] this one Together the form means vi + that sense two three two so

Word make-up

śakrādīnāṃ (शक्रादीनां): The core matches the root śak, “to be able.”
pure (पुरे): pure is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tiṣṭhan (तिष्ठन्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
spṛśaty (स्पृशत्य्): spṛśaty is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eṣa (एष): this one; Masculine of etad: “this one.”
puratrayam (पुरत्रयम्): puratrayam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vikarṇau (विकर्णौ): Together the form means vi + that sense; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to karṇau. karṇa: ear. Born with earrings (kuṇḍala), named from the ear. The chariot-warrior. Together the form means vi + that sense.
dvau (द्वौ): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
vikarṇasthas (विकर्णस्थस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + karṇasthas.
trīn (त्रीन्): three; Accusative of tri: three.
koṇān (कोणान्): koṇān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dve (द्वे): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
pure (पुरे): pure is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

उदितो वर्धमानाभिर् आमध्याह्नात् तपन् रविः ततः परं ह्रसन्तीभिर् गोभिर् अस्तं नियच्छति

udito vardhamānābhir āmadhyāhnāt tapan raviḥ tataḥ paraṃ hrasantībhir gobhir astaṃ niyacchati

[2.8.17] ud- (“up, out”) + ito then beyond ni- (“down, in”) + yacchati

Word make-up

udito (उदितो): ud- (“up, out”) + ito; ud- (“up, out”) + ito.
vardhamānābhir (वर्धमानाभिर्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
āmadhyāhnāt (आमध्याह्नात्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + madhyāhnāt.
tapan (तपन्): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
raviḥ (रविः): raviḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
paraṃ (परं): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
hrasantībhir (ह्रसन्तीभिर्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
gobhir (गोभिर्): gobhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
astaṃ (अस्तं): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + staṃ.
niyacchati (नियच्छति): ni- (“down, in”) + yacchati; ni- (“down, in”) + yacchati.

उदयास्तमनाभ्यां च स्मृते पूर्वापरे दिशौ यावत् पुरस्तात् तपति तावत् पृष्ठे च पार्श्वयोः

udayāstamanābhyāṃ ca smṛte pūrvāpare diśau yāvat purastāt tapati tāvat pṛṣṭhe ca pārśvayoḥ

[2.8.18] and direction heats and

Word make-up

udayāstamanābhyāṃ (उदयास्तमनाभ्यां): The core matches the root man, “to think.” ud- (“up, out”) + ayāstamanābhyāṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
smṛte (स्मृते): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
pūrvāpare (पूर्वापरे): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
diśau (दिशौ): direction; Inflected from diśa. diś: direction, quarter of the sky.
yāvat (यावत्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
purastāt (पुरस्तात्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tapati (तपति): heats; From tap, “to heat.” Heats; is heated.
tāvat (तावत्): tāvat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pṛṣṭhe (पृष्ठे): pṛṣṭhe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
pārśvayoḥ (पार्श्वयोः): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”

ऋते ऽमरगिरेर् मेरोर् उपरि ब्रह्मणः सभाम् ये ये मरीचयो ऽर्कस्य प्रयान्ति ब्रह्मणः सभाम् ते ते निरस्तास् तद्भासा प्रतीपम् उपयान्ति वै

ṛte 'maragirer meror upari brahmaṇaḥ sabhām ye ye marīcayo 'rkasya prayānti brahmaṇaḥ sabhām te te nirastās tadbhāsā pratīpam upayānti vai

[2.8.19] the fitted-true that-which-is-vast (brahman) who who going that-which-is-vast (brahman) you you pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīpam going indeed

Word make-up

ṛte (ऋते): the fitted-true; Inflected from ṛta. ṛta: the fitted, the true course (from ṛ, “to go”). What is right-fitted.
'maragirer (ऽमरगिरेर्): 'maragirer is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
meror (मेरोर्): meror is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
upari (उपरि): upari is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brahmaṇaḥ (ब्रह्मणः): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
sabhām (सभाम्): sabhām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
marīcayo (मरीचयो): marīcayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'rkasya (ऽर्कस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
prayānti (प्रयान्ति): going; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to yānti. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes. Together the form means pra + that sense.
brahmaṇaḥ (ब्रह्मणः): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
sabhām (सभाम्): sabhām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
nirastās (निरस्तास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” nir- (“out, without”) + astās.
tadbhāsā (तद्भासा): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
pratīpam (प्रतीपम्): pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīpam; pra- (“forth, forward”) + tīpam.
upayānti (उपयान्ति): going; upa- (“near, toward”) joined to yānti. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes. Together the form means upa + that sense.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

तस्माद् दिश्य् उत्तरस्यां वै दिवारात्रिः सदैव हि सर्वेषां द्वीपवर्षाणां मेरुर् उत्तरतो यतः

tasmād diśy uttarasyāṃ vai divārātriḥ sadaiva hi sarveṣāṃ dvīpavarṣāṇāṃ merur uttarato yataḥ

[2.8.20] indeed for of all ut- (“up, out”) + tarato which

Word make-up

tasmād (तस्माद्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
diśy (दिश्य्): diśy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
uttarasyāṃ (उत्तरस्यां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ut- (“up, out”) + tarasyāṃ.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
divārātriḥ (दिवारात्रिः): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
sadaiva (सदैव): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
sarveṣāṃ (सर्वेषां): of all; Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
dvīpavarṣāṇāṃ (द्वीपवर्षाणां): dvīpavarṣāṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
merur (मेरुर्): merur is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
uttarato (उत्तरतो): ut- (“up, out”) + tarato; ut- (“up, out”) + tarato.
yataḥ (यतः): which; Inflected from yat. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.

प्रभा विवस्वतो रात्राव् अस्तं गच्छति भास्करे विशत्य् अग्निम् अतो रात्रौ वह्निर् दूरात् प्रकाशते

prabhā vivasvato rātrāv astaṃ gacchati bhāskare viśaty agnim ato rātrau vahnir dūrāt prakāśate

[2.8.21] pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhā going Fire as the eater and carrier of offerings hence pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśate

Word make-up

prabhā (प्रभा): pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhā; pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhā.
vivasvato (विवस्वतो): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vasvato.
rātrāv (रात्राव्): rātrāv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
astaṃ (अस्तं): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + staṃ.
gacchati (गच्छति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
bhāskare (भास्करे): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
viśaty (विशत्य्): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śaty.
agnim (अग्निम्): Fire as the eater and carrier of offerings; Inflected from agni. agni: fire, the driving fire (aṅg/ag, “to drive”). Fire as the eater and carrier of offerings.
ato (अतो): hence; Inflected from ata. From idam/a-tas: “hence, therefore.”
rātrau (रात्रौ): rātrau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vahnir (वह्निर्): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
dūrāt (दूरात्): dūrāt is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prakāśate (प्रकाशते): pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśate; pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśate.

वह्निपादस् तथा भानुं दिनेष्व् आविशति द्विज अतीव वह्निसंयोगाद् अतः सूर्यः प्रकाशते

vahnipādas tathā bhānuṃ dineṣv āviśati dvija atīva vahnisaṃyogād ataḥ sūryaḥ prakāśate

[2.8.22] so twice-born a- (“not”) + tīva hence the sun pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśate

Word make-up

vahnipādas (वह्निपादस्): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
bhānuṃ (भानुं): bhānuṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dineṣv (दिनेष्व्): dineṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āviśati (आविशति): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + viśati.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
atīva (अतीव): a- (“not”) + tīva; a- (“not”) + tīva.
vahnisaṃyogād (वह्निसंयोगाद्): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
ataḥ (अतः): hence; From idam/a-tas: “hence, therefore.”
sūryaḥ (सूर्यः): the sun; From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
prakāśate (प्रकाशते): pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśate; pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśate.

तेजसी भास्कराग्नेये प्रकाशोष्णस्वरूपिणी परस्परानुप्रवेशाद् आप्यायेते दिवानिशम्

tejasī bhāskarāgneye prakāśoṣṇasvarūpiṇī parasparānupraveśād āpyāyete divāniśam

[2.8.23] sharp-glow

Word make-up

tejasī (तेजसी): sharp-glow; Inflected from tejas. From tij, “to be sharp.” Sharpness, brilliance, the cutting glow.
bhāskarāgneye (भास्कराग्नेये): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
prakāśoṣṇasvarūpiṇī (प्रकाशोष्णस्वरूपिणी): The core matches the root as, “to be.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśoṣṇasvarūpiṇī.
parasparānupraveśād (परस्परानुप्रवेशाद्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
āpyāyete (आप्यायेते): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + pyāyete.
divāniśam (दिवानिशम्): The core matches the root śam, “to be calm.”

दक्षिणोत्तरभूम्यर्धे समुत्तिष्ठति भास्करे अहोरात्रं विशत्य् अम्भस् तमःप्राकाश्यशीलवत्

dakṣiṇottarabhūmyardhe samuttiṣṭhati bhāskare ahorātraṃ viśaty ambhas tamaḥprākāśyaśīlavat

[2.8.24] stand up a- (“not”) + horātraṃ

Word make-up

dakṣiṇottarabhūmyardhe (दक्षिणोत्तरभूम्यर्धे): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
samuttiṣṭhati (समुत्तिष्ठति): stand up; sam- (“together”) joined to uttiṣṭhati. ud-sthā, “to stand up.” Stand up!; stands up. Together the form means sam + that sense.
bhāskare (भास्करे): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
ahorātraṃ (अहोरात्रं): a- (“not”) + horātraṃ; a- (“not”) + horātraṃ.
viśaty (विशत्य्): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śaty.
ambhas (अम्भस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + mbhas.
tamaḥprākāśyaśīlavat (तमःप्राकाश्यशीलवत्): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”

आताम्रा हि भवन्त्य् आपो दिवा नक्तप्रवेशनात् दिनं विशति चैवाम्भो भास्करे ऽस्तम् उपागते तस्माच् छुक्लीभवन्त्य् आपो नक्तम् अह्नः प्रवेशनात्

ātāmrā hi bhavanty āpo divā naktapraveśanāt dinaṃ viśati caivāmbho bhāskare 'stam upāgate tasmāc chuklībhavanty āpo naktam ahnaḥ praveśanāt

[2.8.25] ā- (“unto, fully”) + tāmrā for a- (“not”) + hnaḥ

Word make-up

ātāmrā (आताम्रा): ā- (“unto, fully”) + tāmrā; ā- (“unto, fully”) + tāmrā.
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
bhavanty (भवन्त्य्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
āpo (आपो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
divā (दिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
naktapraveśanāt (नक्तप्रवेशनात्): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
dinaṃ (दिनं): dinaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viśati (विशति): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śati.
caivāmbho (चैवाम्भो): caivāmbho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhāskare (भास्करे): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
'stam (ऽस्तम्): 'stam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
upāgate (उपागते): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
tasmāc (तस्माच्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
chuklībhavanty (छुक्लीभवन्त्य्): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
āpo (आपो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
naktam (नक्तम्): naktam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahnaḥ (अह्नः): a- (“not”) + hnaḥ; a- (“not”) + hnaḥ.
praveśanāt (प्रवेशनात्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + veśanāt.

एवं पुष्करमध्ये तु यदा याति दिवाकरः त्रिंशद्भागं तु मेदिन्यास् तदा मौहूर्तिकी गतिः

evaṃ puṣkaramadhye tu yadā yāti divākaraḥ triṃśadbhāgaṃ tu medinyās tadā mauhūrtikī gatiḥ

[2.8.26] just but when going but then going

Word make-up

evaṃ (एवं): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
puṣkaramadhye (पुष्करमध्ये): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
yadā (यदा): when; ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
divākaraḥ (दिवाकरः): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
triṃśadbhāgaṃ (त्रिंशद्भागं): triṃśadbhāgaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
medinyās (मेदिन्यास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
mauhūrtikī (मौहूर्तिकी): mauhūrtikī is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
gatiḥ (गतिः): going; From gam: a going, a destination.

कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो भ्रमन्न् एष दिवाकरः करोत्य् अहस् तथा रात्रिं विमुञ्चन् मेदिनीं द्विज

kulālacakraparyanto bhramann eṣa divākaraḥ karoty ahas tathā rātriṃ vimuñcan medinīṃ dvija

[2.8.27] this one so twice-born

Word make-up

kulālacakraparyanto (कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
bhramann (भ्रमन्न्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
eṣa (एष): this one; Masculine of etad: “this one.”
divākaraḥ (दिवाकरः): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
karoty (करोत्य्): karoty is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahas (अहस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + has.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
rātriṃ (रात्रिं): rātriṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vimuñcan (विमुञ्चन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + muñcan.
medinīṃ (मेदिनीं): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

अयनस्योत्तरस्यादौ मकरं याति भास्करः ततः कुम्भं च मीनं च राशे राश्यन्तरं द्विज

ayanasyottarasyādau makaraṃ yāti bhāskaraḥ tataḥ kumbhaṃ ca mīnaṃ ca rāśe rāśyantaraṃ dvija

[2.8.28] going then and and twice-born

Word make-up

ayanasyottarasyādau (अयनस्योत्तरस्यादौ): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + yanasyottarasyādau.
makaraṃ (मकरं): makaraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
bhāskaraḥ (भास्करः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
kumbhaṃ (कुम्भं): kumbhaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mīnaṃ (मीनं): mīnaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
rāśe (राशे): rāśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rāśyantaraṃ (राश्यन्तरं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

त्रिष्व् एतेष्व् अथ भुक्तेषु ततो वैषुवतीं गतिम् प्रयाति सविता कुर्वन्न् अहोरात्रं ततः समम्

triṣv eteṣv atha bhukteṣu tato vaiṣuvatīṃ gatim prayāti savitā kurvann ahorātraṃ tataḥ samam

[2.8.29] then that going goes forth a- (“not”) + horātraṃ then even

Word make-up

triṣv (त्रिष्व्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
eteṣv (एतेष्व्): eteṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
atha (अथ): then; Particle: “then, now” — starts a new move.
bhukteṣu (भुक्तेषु): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
tato (ततो): that; Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
vaiṣuvatīṃ (वैषुवतीं): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
gatim (गतिम्): going; From gam: a going, a destination.
prayāti (प्रयाति): goes forth; pra-yā, “to go forth.” Goes forth; a going-forth.
savitā (सविता): savitā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kurvann (कुर्वन्न्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
ahorātraṃ (अहोरात्रं): a- (“not”) + horātraṃ; a- (“not”) + horātraṃ.
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
samam (समम्): even; sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.

ततो रात्रिः क्षयं याति वर्धते ऽनुदिनं दिनम्

tato rātriḥ kṣayaṃ yāti vardhate 'nudinaṃ dinam

[2.8.30] that going grows

Word make-up

tato (ततो): that; Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
rātriḥ (रात्रिः): rātriḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṣayaṃ (क्षयं): kṣayaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
vardhate (वर्धते): grows; From vṛdh, “to grow.” Grows.
'nudinaṃ (ऽनुदिनं): 'nudinaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dinam (दिनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”

ततश् च मिथुनस्यान्ते परां काष्ठाम् उपागतः राशिं कर्कटकं प्राप्य कुरुते दक्षिणायनम्

tataś ca mithunasyānte parāṃ kāṣṭhām upāgataḥ rāśiṃ karkaṭakaṃ prāpya kurute dakṣiṇāyanam

[2.8.31] and beyond reaching does

Word make-up

tataś (ततश्): tataś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mithunasyānte (मिथुनस्यान्ते): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
parāṃ (परां): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
kāṣṭhām (काष्ठाम्): kāṣṭhām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
upāgataḥ (उपागतः): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
rāśiṃ (राशिं): rāśiṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
karkaṭakaṃ (कर्कटकं): karkaṭakaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prāpya (प्राप्य): reaching; pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
kurute (कुरुते): does; From kṛ, “to do.” Does; you do!; do! (kuru can also vocative of Kuru).
dakṣiṇāyanam (दक्षिणायनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”

कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो यथा शीघ्रं प्रवर्तते दक्षिणे प्रक्रमे सूर्यस् तथा शीघ्रं प्रवर्तते

kulālacakraparyanto yathā śīghraṃ pravartate dakṣiṇe prakrame sūryas tathā śīghraṃ pravartate

[2.8.32] as turns the sun so turns

Word make-up

kulālacakraparyanto (कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
śīghraṃ (शीघ्रं): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
pravartate (प्रवर्तते): turns; From vṛt, “to turn.” Turns, goes on. pra-vṛt: turns forth, starts.
dakṣiṇe (दक्षिणे): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
prakrame (प्रक्रमे): The core matches the root kram, “to step.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + krame.
sūryas (सूर्यस्): the sun; From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
śīghraṃ (शीघ्रं): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
pravartate (प्रवर्तते): turns; From vṛt, “to turn.” Turns, goes on. pra-vṛt: turns forth, starts.

अतिवेगितया कालं वायुवेगगतिश् चरन् तस्मात् प्रकृष्टां भूमिं तु कालेनाल्पेन गच्छति

ativegitayā kālaṃ vāyuvegagatiś caran tasmāt prakṛṣṭāṃ bhūmiṃ tu kālenālpena gacchati

[2.8.33] time moves therefore but going

Word make-up

ativegitayā (अतिवेगितया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ati- (“beyond”) + vegitayā.
kālaṃ (कालं): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
vāyuvegagatiś (वायुवेगगतिश्): vāyuvegagatiś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caran (चरन्): moves; From car, “to move.” Moves, walks, practices.
tasmāt (तस्मात्): therefore; Ablative of tad: “from that”; often “therefore.”
prakṛṣṭāṃ (प्रकृष्टां): The core matches the root kṛṣ, “to drag, to plough.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + kṛṣṭāṃ.
bhūmiṃ (भूमिं): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kālenālpena (कालेनाल्पेन): kālenālpena is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
gacchati (गच्छति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.

सूर्यो द्वादशभिः शैघ्र्यान् मुहूर्तैर् दक्षिणायने त्रयोदशार्धम् ऋक्षाणाम् अह्ना तु चरते द्विज मुहूर्तैस् तावदृक्षाणि नक्तम् अष्टादशैश् चरन्

sūryo dvādaśabhiḥ śaighryān muhūrtair dakṣiṇāyane trayodaśārdham ṛkṣāṇām ahnā tu carate dvija muhūrtais tāvadṛkṣāṇi naktam aṣṭādaśaiś caran

[2.8.34] the sun a- (“not”) + hnā but twice-born a- (“not”) + ṣṭādaśaiś moves

Word make-up

sūryo (सूर्यो): the sun; Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
dvādaśabhiḥ (द्वादशभिः): dvādaśabhiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śaighryān (शैघ्र्यान्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
muhūrtair (मुहूर्तैर्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
dakṣiṇāyane (दक्षिणायने): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
trayodaśārdham (त्रयोदशार्धम्): trayodaśārdham is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ṛkṣāṇām (ऋक्षाणाम्): ṛkṣāṇām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahnā (अह्ना): a- (“not”) + hnā; a- (“not”) + hnā.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
carate (चरते): The core matches the root car, “to move.”
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
muhūrtais (मुहूर्तैस्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
tāvadṛkṣāṇi (तावदृक्षाणि): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
naktam (नक्तम्): naktam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aṣṭādaśaiś (अष्टादशैश्): a- (“not”) + ṣṭādaśaiś; a- (“not”) + ṣṭādaśaiś.
caran (चरन्): moves; From car, “to move.” Moves, walks, practices.

कुलालचक्रमध्यस्थो यथा मन्दं प्रसर्पति तथोदगयने सूर्यः सर्पते मन्दविक्रमः

kulālacakramadhyastho yathā mandaṃ prasarpati tathodagayane sūryaḥ sarpate mandavikramaḥ

[2.8.35] as the sun

Word make-up

kulālacakramadhyastho (कुलालचक्रमध्यस्थो): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
mandaṃ (मन्दं): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
prasarpati (प्रसर्पति): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + sarpati.
tathodagayane (तथोदगयने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
sūryaḥ (सूर्यः): the sun; From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
sarpate (सर्पते): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
mandavikramaḥ (मन्दविक्रमः): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”

तस्माद् दीर्घेण कालेन भूमिम् अल्पां तु गच्छति अष्टादशमुहूर्तं यद् उत्तरायणपश्चिमम्

tasmād dīrgheṇa kālena bhūmim alpāṃ tu gacchati aṣṭādaśamuhūrtaṃ yad uttarāyaṇapaścimam

[2.8.36] time but going which ut- (“up, out”) + tarāyaṇapaścimam

Word make-up

tasmād (तस्माद्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
dīrgheṇa (दीर्घेण): dīrgheṇa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kālena (कालेन): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
bhūmim (भूमिम्): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
alpāṃ (अल्पां): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.” a- (“not”) + lpāṃ.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
gacchati (गच्छति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
aṣṭādaśamuhūrtaṃ (अष्टादशमुहूर्तं): The core matches the root śam, “to be calm.” a- (“not”) + ṣṭādaśamuhūrtaṃ.
yad (यद्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
uttarāyaṇapaścimam (उत्तरायणपश्चिमम्): ut- (“up, out”) + tarāyaṇapaścimam; ut- (“up, out”) + tarāyaṇapaścimam.

अहर् भवति तत्रापि चरते मन्दविक्रमः

ahar bhavati tatrāpi carate mandavikramaḥ

[2.8.37] a- (“not”) + har it comes to be

Word make-up

ahar (अहर्): a- (“not”) + har; a- (“not”) + har.
bhavati (भवति): it comes to be; Present of bhū, “to be, to come to be.” It comes to be; it is.
tatrāpi (तत्रापि): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
carate (चरते): The core matches the root car, “to move.”
mandavikramaḥ (मन्दविक्रमः): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”

त्रयोदशार्धम् अह्नैव ऋक्षाणां चरते रविः मुहूर्तैस् तावदृक्षाणि रात्रौ द्वादशभिश् चरन्

trayodaśārdham ahnaiva ṛkṣāṇāṃ carate raviḥ muhūrtais tāvadṛkṣāṇi rātrau dvādaśabhiś caran

[2.8.38] a- (“not”) + hnaiva moves

Word make-up

trayodaśārdham (त्रयोदशार्धम्): trayodaśārdham is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahnaiva (अह्नैव): a- (“not”) + hnaiva; a- (“not”) + hnaiva.
ṛkṣāṇāṃ (ऋक्षाणां): ṛkṣāṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
carate (चरते): The core matches the root car, “to move.”
raviḥ (रविः): raviḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
muhūrtais (मुहूर्तैस्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
tāvadṛkṣāṇi (तावदृक्षाणि): The core matches the root vad, “to say.”
rātrau (रात्रौ): rātrau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvādaśabhiś (द्वादशभिश्): dvādaśabhiś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caran (चरन्): moves; From car, “to move.” Moves, walks, practices.

अधो मन्दतरं नाभ्यां चक्रं भ्रमति वै यथा मृत्पिण्ड इव मध्यस्थो ध्रुवो भ्रमति वै तथा

adho mandataraṃ nābhyāṃ cakraṃ bhramati vai yathā mṛtpiṇḍa iva madhyastho dhruvo bhramati vai tathā

[2.8.39] below indeed as like indeed so

Word make-up

adho (अधो): below; Inflected from adha. Indeclinable: “below.”
mandataraṃ (मन्दतरं): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
nābhyāṃ (नाभ्यां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
cakraṃ (चक्रं): cakraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhramati (भ्रमति): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
mṛtpiṇḍa (मृत्पिण्ड): The core matches the root mṛ, “to die.”
iva (इव): like; Particle of comparison: “like, as if.”
madhyastho (मध्यस्थो): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
dhruvo (ध्रुवो): dhruvo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhramati (भ्रमति): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

कुलालचक्रनाभिस् तु यथा तत्रैव वर्तते ध्रुवस् तथा हि मैत्रेय तत्रैव परिवर्तते

kulālacakranābhis tu yathā tatraiva vartate dhruvas tathā hi maitreya tatraiva parivartate

[2.8.40] but as turns so for turns

Word make-up

kulālacakranābhis (कुलालचक्रनाभिस्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
yathā (यथा): as; ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”
tatraiva (तत्रैव): tatraiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vartate (वर्तते): turns; From vṛt, “to turn.” Turns, goes on. pra-vṛt: turns forth, starts.
dhruvas (ध्रुवस्): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tatraiva (तत्रैव): tatraiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
parivartate (परिवर्तते): turns; pari- (“around”) joined to vartate. From vṛt, “to turn.” Turns, goes on. pra-vṛt: turns forth, starts. Together the form means pari + that sense.

उभयोः काष्ठयोर् मध्ये भ्रमतो मण्डलानि च दिवा नक्तं च सूर्यस्य मन्दा शीघ्रा च वै गतिः

ubhayoḥ kāṣṭhayor madhye bhramato maṇḍalāni ca divā naktaṃ ca sūryasya mandā śīghrā ca vai gatiḥ

[2.8.41] of both middle and and the sun and indeed going

Word make-up

ubhayoḥ (उभयोः): of both; Genitive/locative dual of ubha: of both.
kāṣṭhayor (काष्ठयोर्): kāṣṭhayor is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
madhye (मध्ये): middle; madhya: middle.
bhramato (भ्रमतो): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
maṇḍalāni (मण्डलानि): maṇḍalāni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
divā (दिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
naktaṃ (नक्तं): naktaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sūryasya (सूर्यस्य): the sun; Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
mandā (मन्दा): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
śīghrā (शीघ्रा): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
gatiḥ (गतिः): going; From gam: a going, a destination.

मन्दाह्नि यस्मिन्न् अयने शीघ्रा नक्तं तदा गतिः शीघ्रा निशि यदा चास्य तदा मन्दा दिवा गतिः

mandāhni yasminn ayane śīghrā naktaṃ tadā gatiḥ śīghrā niśi yadā cāsya tadā mandā divā gatiḥ

[2.8.42] then going when then going

Word make-up

mandāhni (मन्दाह्नि): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
yasminn (यस्मिन्न्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ayane (अयने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + yane.
śīghrā (शीघ्रा): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
naktaṃ (नक्तं): naktaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
gatiḥ (गतिः): going; From gam: a going, a destination.
śīghrā (शीघ्रा): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
niśi (निशि): niśi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yadā (यदा): when; ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
cāsya (चास्य): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
mandā (मन्दा): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
divā (दिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
gatiḥ (गतिः): going; From gam: a going, a destination.

एकप्रमाणम् एवैष मार्गं याति दिवाकरः अहोरात्रेण यो भुङ्क्ते समस्ता राशयो द्विज

ekapramāṇam evaiṣa mārgaṃ yāti divākaraḥ ahorātreṇa yo bhuṅkte samastā rāśayo dvija

[2.8.43] track going a- (“not”) + horātreṇa twice-born

Word make-up

ekapramāṇam (एकप्रमाणम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
evaiṣa (एवैष): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
mārgaṃ (मार्गं): track; From mṛg, “to seek, to track,” or from mārj. A track, a way.
yāti (याति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
divākaraḥ (दिवाकरः): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
ahorātreṇa (अहोरात्रेण): a- (“not”) + horātreṇa; a- (“not”) + horātreṇa.
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhuṅkte (भुङ्क्ते): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
samastā (समस्ता): The core matches the root as, “to be.” sam- (“together”) + astā.
rāśayo (राशयो): rāśayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

षड् एव राशयो भुङ्क्ते रात्राव् अन्यांश् च षड् दिवा

ṣaḍ eva rāśayo bhuṅkte rātrāv anyāṃś ca ṣaḍ divā

[2.8.44] just and

Word make-up

ṣaḍ (षड्): ṣaḍ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
rāśayo (राशयो): rāśayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhuṅkte (भुङ्क्ते): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
rātrāv (रात्राव्): rātrāv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
anyāṃś (अन्यांश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + nyāṃś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
ṣaḍ (षड्): ṣaḍ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
divā (दिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”

राशिप्रमाणजनिता दीर्घह्रस्वात्मता दिने तथा निशायां राशीनां प्रमाणैर् लघुदीर्घता

rāśipramāṇajanitā dīrghahrasvātmatā dine tathā niśāyāṃ rāśīnāṃ pramāṇair laghudīrghatā

[2.8.45] so

Word make-up

rāśipramāṇajanitā (राशिप्रमाणजनिता): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
dīrghahrasvātmatā (दीर्घह्रस्वात्मता): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
dine (दिने): dine is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
niśāyāṃ (निशायां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” ni- (“down, in”) + śāyāṃ.
rāśīnāṃ (राशीनां): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
pramāṇair (प्रमाणैर्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + māṇair.
laghudīrghatā (लघुदीर्घता): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”

दिनादेर् दीर्घह्रस्वत्वं तद्भोगेनैव जायते उत्तरे प्रक्रमे शीघ्रा निशि मन्दा गतिर् दिवा

dināder dīrghahrasvatvaṃ tadbhogenaiva jāyate uttare prakrame śīghrā niśi mandā gatir divā

[2.8.46] is born ut- (“up, out”) + tare

Word make-up

dināder (दिनादेर्): dināder is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dīrghahrasvatvaṃ (दीर्घह्रस्वत्वं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tadbhogenaiva (तद्भोगेनैव): tadbhogenaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jāyate (जायते): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
uttare (उत्तरे): ut- (“up, out”) + tare; ut- (“up, out”) + tare.
prakrame (प्रक्रमे): The core matches the root kram, “to step.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + krame.
śīghrā (शीघ्रा): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
niśi (निशि): niśi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mandā (मन्दा): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
gatir (गतिर्): gatir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
divā (दिवा): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”

दक्षिणे त्व् अयने चैव विपरीता विवस्वतः

dakṣiṇe tv ayane caiva viparītā vivasvataḥ

[2.8.47] vi- (“apart, asunder”) + parītā

Word make-up

dakṣiṇe (दक्षिणे): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
tv (त्व्): tv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ayane (अयने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + yane.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viparītā (विपरीता): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + parītā; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + parītā.
vivasvataḥ (विवस्वतः): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vasvataḥ.

उषा रात्रिः समाख्याता व्युष्टिश् चाप्य् उच्यते दिनम् प्रोच्यते च तथा संध्या उषाव्युष्ट्योर् यद् अन्तरम्

uṣā rātriḥ samākhyātā vyuṣṭiś cāpy ucyate dinam procyate ca tathā saṃdhyā uṣāvyuṣṭyor yad antaram

[2.8.48] is called and so which inner

Word make-up

uṣā (उषा): uṣā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rātriḥ (रात्रिः): rātriḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samākhyātā (समाख्याता): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” sam- (“together”) + ākhyātā.
vyuṣṭiś (व्युष्टिश्): vyuṣṭiś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāpy (चाप्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
ucyate (उच्यते): is called; Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.
dinam (दिनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”
procyate (प्रोच्यते): procyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
saṃdhyā (संध्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyā.
uṣāvyuṣṭyor (उषाव्युष्ट्योर्): uṣāvyuṣṭyor is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yad (यद्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
antaram (अन्तरम्): inner; antar: inside, among. The inner.

संध्याकाले तु संप्राप्ते रौद्रे परमदारुणे मन्देहा राक्षसा घोराः सूर्यम् इच्छन्ति खादितुम्

saṃdhyākāle tu saṃprāpte raudre paramadāruṇe mandehā rākṣasā ghorāḥ sūryam icchanti khāditum

[2.8.49] but the sun

Word make-up

saṃdhyākāle (संध्याकाले): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyākāle.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
saṃprāpte (संप्राप्ते): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” saṃ- (“together”) + prāpte.
raudre (रौद्रे): raudre is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
paramadāruṇe (परमदारुणे): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
mandehā (मन्देहा): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
rākṣasā (राक्षसा): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ghorāḥ (घोराः): ghorāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sūryam (सूर्यम्): the sun; Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
icchanti (इच्छन्ति): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
khāditum (खादितुम्): khāditum is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

प्रजापतिकृतः शापस् तेषां मैत्रेय रक्षसाम् अक्षयत्वं शरीराणां मरणं च दिने दिने

prajāpatikṛtaḥ śāpas teṣāṃ maitreya rakṣasām akṣayatvaṃ śarīrāṇāṃ maraṇaṃ ca dine dine

[2.8.50] of them a- (“not”) + kṣayatvaṃ and

Word make-up

prajāpatikṛtaḥ (प्रजापतिकृतः): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + jāpatikṛtaḥ.
śāpas (शापस्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rakṣasām (रक्षसाम्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
akṣayatvaṃ (अक्षयत्वं): a- (“not”) + kṣayatvaṃ; a- (“not”) + kṣayatvaṃ.
śarīrāṇāṃ (शरीराणां): śarīrāṇāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
maraṇaṃ (मरणं): maraṇaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dine (दिने): dine is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dine (दिने): dine is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

ततः सूर्यस्य तैर् युद्धं भवत्य् अत्यन्तदारुणम् ततो द्विजोत्तमास् तोयं यत् क्षिपन्ति महामुने

tataḥ sūryasya tair yuddhaṃ bhavaty atyantadāruṇam tato dvijottamās toyaṃ yat kṣipanti mahāmune

[2.8.51] then the sun battle that which

Word make-up

tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
sūryasya (सूर्यस्य): the sun; Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
tair (तैर्): tair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yuddhaṃ (युद्धं): battle; From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.
bhavaty (भवत्य्): bhavaty is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
atyantadāruṇam (अत्यन्तदारुणम्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.” a- (“not”) + tyantadāruṇam.
tato (ततो): that; Inflected from tat. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
dvijottamās (द्विजोत्तमास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
toyaṃ (तोयं): toyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yat (यत्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
kṣipanti (क्षिपन्ति): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

ओंकारब्रह्मसंयुक्तं गायत्र्या चाभिमन्त्रितम् तेन दह्यन्ति ते पापा वज्रीभूतेन वारिणा

oṃkārabrahmasaṃyuktaṃ gāyatryā cābhimantritam tena dahyanti te pāpā vajrībhūtena vāriṇā

[2.8.52] by that you ill-deed

Word make-up

oṃkārabrahmasaṃyuktaṃ (ओंकारब्रह्मसंयुक्तं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
gāyatryā (गायत्र्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
cābhimantritam (चाभिमन्त्रितम्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
dahyanti (दह्यन्ति): The core matches the root dah, “to burn.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
pāpā (पापा): ill-deed; Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
vajrībhūtena (वज्रीभूतेन): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
vāriṇā (वारिणा): vāriṇā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

अग्निहोत्रे हूयते या समन्त्रा प्रथमाहुतिः सूर्यो ज्योतिः सहस्रांशुस् तया दीप्यति भास्करः

agnihotre hūyate yā samantrā prathamāhutiḥ sūryo jyotiḥ sahasrāṃśus tayā dīpyati bhāskaraḥ

[2.8.53] a- (“not”) + gnihotre the sun

Word make-up

agnihotre (अग्निहोत्रे): a- (“not”) + gnihotre; a- (“not”) + gnihotre.
hūyate (हूयते): hūyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yā (या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
samantrā (समन्त्रा): The core matches the root man, “to think.” sam- (“together”) + antrā.
prathamāhutiḥ (प्रथमाहुतिः): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamāhutiḥ.
sūryo (सूर्यो): the sun; Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
jyotiḥ (ज्योतिः): jyotiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sahasrāṃśus (सहस्रांशुस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tayā (तया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
dīpyati (दीप्यति): The core matches the root dīp, “to shine.”
bhāskaraḥ (भास्करः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”

ओंकारो भगवान् विष्णुस् त्रिधामा वचसां पतिः तदुच्चारणतस् ते तु विनाशं यान्ति राक्षसाः

oṃkāro bhagavān viṣṇus tridhāmā vacasāṃ patiḥ taduccāraṇatas te tu vināśaṃ yānti rākṣasāḥ

[2.8.54] the Lord The pervading one you but complete perishing going

Word make-up

oṃkāro (ओंकारो): oṃkāro is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
viṣṇus (विष्णुस्): The pervading one; From viṣ, “to be active, to pervade.” The pervading one.
tridhāmā (त्रिधामा): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
vacasāṃ (वचसां): The core matches the root vac, “to speak.”
patiḥ (पतिः): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
taduccāraṇatas (तदुच्चारणतस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
vināśaṃ (विनाशं): complete perishing; vi- (“apart, fully”) + nāśa (naś, “to perish”). Complete perishing.
yānti (यान्ति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
rākṣasāḥ (राक्षसाः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

वैष्णवो ऽंशः परः सूर्यो यो ऽन्तर्ज्योतिर् असंप्लवम् अभिधायक ओंकारस् तस्य स प्रेरकः परः

vaiṣṇavo 'ṃśaḥ paraḥ sūryo yo 'ntarjyotir asaṃplavam abhidhāyaka oṃkāras tasya sa prerakaḥ paraḥ

[2.8.55] beyond the sun of that he beyond

Word make-up

vaiṣṇavo (वैष्णवो): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
'ṃśaḥ (ऽंशः): 'ṃśaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
paraḥ (परः): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
sūryo (सूर्यो): the sun; Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
yo (यो): yo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'ntarjyotir (ऽन्तर्ज्योतिर्): 'ntarjyotir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
asaṃplavam (असंप्लवम्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + saṃplavam.
abhidhāyaka (अभिधायक): The core matches the root bhid, “to split.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + dhāyaka.
oṃkāras (ओंकारस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
prerakaḥ (प्रेरकः): prerakaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
paraḥ (परः): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”

तेन तत् प्रेरितं ज्योतिर् ओंकारेणाथ दीप्तिमत् दहत्य् अशेषरक्षांसि मन्देहाख्यान्य् अघानि वै

tena tat preritaṃ jyotir oṃkāreṇātha dīptimat dahaty aśeṣarakṣāṃsi mandehākhyāny aghāni vai

[2.8.56] by that that a- (“not”) + śeṣarakṣāṃsi a- (“not”) + ghāni indeed

Word make-up

tena (तेन): by that; Instrumental of tad: “by that.”
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
preritaṃ (प्रेरितं): preritaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jyotir (ज्योतिर्): jyotir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
oṃkāreṇātha (ओंकारेणाथ): oṃkāreṇātha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dīptimat (दीप्तिमत्): The core matches the root dīp, “to shine.”
dahaty (दहत्य्): The core matches the root dah, “to burn.”
aśeṣarakṣāṃsi (अशेषरक्षांसि): a- (“not”) + śeṣarakṣāṃsi; a- (“not”) + śeṣarakṣāṃsi.
mandehākhyāny (मन्देहाख्यान्य्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
aghāni (अघानि): a- (“not”) + ghāni; a- (“not”) + ghāni.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

तस्मान् नोल्लङ्घनं कार्यं संध्योपासनकर्मणः स हन्ति सूर्यं संध्याया नोपास्तिं कुरुते हि यः

tasmān nollaṅghanaṃ kāryaṃ saṃdhyopāsanakarmaṇaḥ sa hanti sūryaṃ saṃdhyāyā nopāstiṃ kurute hi yaḥ

[2.8.57] what-is-to-be-done he striking the sun does for who

Word make-up

tasmān (तस्मान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
nollaṅghanaṃ (नोल्लङ्घनं): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
kāryaṃ (कार्यं): what-is-to-be-done; Gerundive of kṛ: what is to be done; the effect as “that which is to-be-made.”
saṃdhyopāsanakarmaṇaḥ (संध्योपासनकर्मणः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyopāsanakarmaṇaḥ.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
hanti (हन्ति): striking; From han, “to strike, to slay.” Strikes; is struck; to slay; having slain.
sūryaṃ (सूर्यं): the sun; Inflected from sūrya. From sūr / svar, “to shine.” The sun, the shining one.
saṃdhyāyā (संध्याया): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyāyā.
nopāstiṃ (नोपास्तिं): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
kurute (कुरुते): does; From kṛ, “to do.” Does; you do!; do! (kuru can also vocative of Kuru).
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”

ततः प्रयाति भगवान् ब्राह्मणैर् अभिरक्षितः वालखिल्यादिभिश् चैव जगतः पालनोद्यतः

tataḥ prayāti bhagavān brāhmaṇair abhirakṣitaḥ vālakhilyādibhiś caiva jagataḥ pālanodyataḥ

[2.8.58] then goes forth the Lord the moving world

Word make-up

tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
prayāti (प्रयाति): goes forth; pra-yā, “to go forth.” Goes forth; a going-forth.
bhagavān (भगवान्): the Lord; bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
brāhmaṇair (ब्राह्मणैर्): brāhmaṇair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhirakṣitaḥ (अभिरक्षितः): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + rakṣitaḥ.
vālakhilyādibhiś (वालखिल्यादिभिश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jagataḥ (जगतः): the moving world; From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
pālanodyataḥ (पालनोद्यतः): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”

.... .... प्रभुर् वैखानसैर् अपि

.... .... prabhur vaikhānasair api

[2.8.58.9:1] also

Word make-up

prabhur (प्रभुर्): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + bhur.
vaikhānasair (वैखानसैर्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”

महात्मभिर् महात्मा वै .... ....

mahātmabhir mahātmā vai .... ....

[2.8.58.9:2] indeed

Word make-up

mahātmabhir (महात्मभिर्): mahātmabhir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahātmā (महात्मा): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”

काष्ठा निमेषा दश पञ्च चैव त्रिंशच् च काष्ठा गणयेत् कलां ताम् त्रिंशत्कलाश् चैव भवेन् मुहूर्तस् तैस् त्रिंशता रात्र्यहनी समेते

kāṣṭhā nimeṣā daśa pañca caiva triṃśac ca kāṣṭhā gaṇayet kalāṃ tām triṃśatkalāś caiva bhaven muhūrtas tais triṃśatā rātryahanī samete

[2.8.59] ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā ten five and these

Word make-up

kāṣṭhā (काष्ठा): kāṣṭhā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nimeṣā (निमेषा): ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā; ni- (“down, in”) + meṣā.
daśa (दश): ten; daśan: ten.
pañca (पञ्च): five; pañcan: five.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
triṃśac (त्रिंशच्): triṃśac is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
kāṣṭhā (काष्ठा): kāṣṭhā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
gaṇayet (गणयेत्): gaṇayet is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kalāṃ (कलां): kalāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tām (ताम्): tām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
triṃśatkalāś (त्रिंशत्कलाश्): triṃśatkalāś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhaven (भवेन्): bhaven is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
muhūrtas (मुहूर्तस्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
tais (तैस्): tais is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
triṃśatā (त्रिंशता): triṃśatā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rātryahanī (रात्र्यहनी): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
samete (समेते): these; sam- (“together”) joined to ete. Nominative plural of etad: “these.” Together the form means sam + that sense.

ह्रासवृद्धी त्व् अहर्भागैर् दिवसानां यथाक्रमम् संध्या मुहूर्तमात्रा वै ह्रासवृद्धौ समा स्मृता

hrāsavṛddhī tv aharbhāgair divasānāṃ yathākramam saṃdhyā muhūrtamātrā vai hrāsavṛddhau samā smṛtā

[2.8.60] indeed even

Word make-up

hrāsavṛddhī (ह्रासवृद्धी): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tv (त्व्): tv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aharbhāgair (अहर्भागैर्): The core matches the root gai, “to sing.” a- (“not”) + harbhāgair.
divasānāṃ (दिवसानां): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
yathākramam (यथाक्रमम्): The core matches the root kram, “to step.”
saṃdhyā (संध्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + dhyā.
muhūrtamātrā (मुहूर्तमात्रा): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
hrāsavṛddhau (ह्रासवृद्धौ): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
samā (समा): even; sama: same, even, equal. Evenness.
smṛtā (स्मृता): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”

रेखाप्रभृत्य् अथादित्ये त्रिमुहूर्तगते तु वै प्रातः स्मृतस् ततः कालो भागश् चाह्नः स पञ्चमः

rekhāprabhṛty athāditye trimuhūrtagate tu vai prātaḥ smṛtas tataḥ kālo bhāgaś cāhnaḥ sa pañcamaḥ

[2.8.61] a- (“not”) + thāditye but indeed then time he

Word make-up

rekhāprabhṛty (रेखाप्रभृत्य्): The core matches the root bhṛ, “to bear.”
athāditye (अथादित्ये): a- (“not”) + thāditye; a- (“not”) + thāditye.
trimuhūrtagate (त्रिमुहूर्तगते): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
prātaḥ (प्रातः): prātaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
smṛtas (स्मृतस्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
kālo (कालो): time; Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
bhāgaś (भागश्): bhāgaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāhnaḥ (चाह्नः): cāhnaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
pañcamaḥ (पञ्चमः): pañcamaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

तस्मात् प्रातस्तनात् कालात् त्रिमुहूर्तस् तु संगवः मध्याह्नस् त्रिमुहूर्तस् तु तस्मात् कालात् तु संगवात्

tasmāt prātastanāt kālāt trimuhūrtas tu saṃgavaḥ madhyāhnas trimuhūrtas tu tasmāt kālāt tu saṃgavāt

[2.8.62] therefore time but saṃ- (“together”) + gavaḥ but therefore time but saṃ- (“together”) + gavāt

Word make-up

tasmāt (तस्मात्): therefore; Ablative of tad: “from that”; often “therefore.”
prātastanāt (प्रातस्तनात्): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
kālāt (कालात्): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
trimuhūrtas (त्रिमुहूर्तस्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
saṃgavaḥ (संगवः): saṃ- (“together”) + gavaḥ; saṃ- (“together”) + gavaḥ.
madhyāhnas (मध्याह्नस्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
trimuhūrtas (त्रिमुहूर्तस्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tasmāt (तस्मात्): therefore; Ablative of tad: “from that”; often “therefore.”
kālāt (कालात्): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
saṃgavāt (संगवात्): saṃ- (“together”) + gavāt; saṃ- (“together”) + gavāt.

तस्मान् माध्याह्निकात् कालाद् अपराह्ण इति स्मृतः त्रय एव मुहूर्तास् तु कालभागः स्मृतो बुधैः

tasmān mādhyāhnikāt kālād aparāhṇa iti smṛtaḥ traya eva muhūrtās tu kālabhāgaḥ smṛto budhaiḥ

[2.8.63] apa- (“away”) + rāhṇa thus three just but

Word make-up

tasmān (तस्मान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
mādhyāhnikāt (माध्याह्निकात्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
kālād (कालाद्): kālād is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
aparāhṇa (अपराह्ण): apa- (“away”) + rāhṇa; apa- (“away”) + rāhṇa.
iti (इति): thus; Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought.
smṛtaḥ (स्मृतः): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
traya (त्रय): three; tri: three.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
muhūrtās (मुहूर्तास्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kālabhāgaḥ (कालभागः): The core matches the root labh, “to obtain.”
smṛto (स्मृतो): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”
budhaiḥ (बुधैः): The core matches the root budh, “to wake, to be aware.”

अपराह्णे व्यतीते तु कालः सायाह्न उच्यते दशपञ्चमुहूर्ताहो मुहूर्तास् त्रय एव च

aparāhṇe vyatīte tu kālaḥ sāyāhna ucyate daśapañcamuhūrtāho muhūrtās traya eva ca

[2.8.64] apa- (“away”) + rāhṇe but time is called three just and

Word make-up

aparāhṇe (अपराह्णे): apa- (“away”) + rāhṇe; apa- (“away”) + rāhṇe.
vyatīte (व्यतीते): vyatīte is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kālaḥ (कालः): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
sāyāhna (सायाह्न): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
ucyate (उच्यते): is called; Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.
daśapañcamuhūrtāho (दशपञ्चमुहूर्ताहो): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
muhūrtās (मुहूर्तास्): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
traya (त्रय): three; tri: three.
eva (एव): just; Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”

दशपञ्चमुहूर्तं वै अहर् वैषुवतं स्मृतम्

daśapañcamuhūrtaṃ vai ahar vaiṣuvataṃ smṛtam

[2.8.65] indeed a- (“not”) + har

Word make-up

daśapañcamuhūrtaṃ (दशपञ्चमुहूर्तं): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
ahar (अहर्): a- (“not”) + har; a- (“not”) + har.
vaiṣuvataṃ (वैषुवतं): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
smṛtam (स्मृतम्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”

वर्धते ऽहो ह्रसति च अयने दक्षिणोत्तरे अहस् तु ग्रसते रात्रिं रात्रिर् ग्रसति वासरम्

vardhate 'ho hrasati ca ayane dakṣiṇottare ahas tu grasate rātriṃ rātrir grasati vāsaram

[2.8.66] grows and but

Word make-up

vardhate (वर्धते): grows; From vṛdh, “to grow.” Grows.
'ho (ऽहो): 'ho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hrasati (ह्रसति): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
ayane (अयने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + yane.
dakṣiṇottare (दक्षिणोत्तरे): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
ahas (अहस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + has.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
grasate (ग्रसते): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
rātriṃ (रात्रिं): rātriṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rātrir (रात्रिर्): rātrir is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
grasati (ग्रसति): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
vāsaram (वासरम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

शरद्वसन्तयोर् मध्ये विषुवं तु विभाव्यते तुलामेषगते भानौ समरात्रिदिनं तु तत्

śaradvasantayor madhye viṣuvaṃ tu vibhāvyate tulāmeṣagate bhānau samarātridinaṃ tu tat

[2.8.67] middle but vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate sam- (“together”) + arātridinaṃ but that

Word make-up

śaradvasantayor (शरद्वसन्तयोर्): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
madhye (मध्ये): middle; madhya: middle.
viṣuvaṃ (विषुवं): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣuvaṃ.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
vibhāvyate (विभाव्यते): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate.
tulāmeṣagate (तुलामेषगते): tulāmeṣagate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhānau (भानौ): bhānau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
samarātridinaṃ (समरात्रिदिनं): sam- (“together”) + arātridinaṃ; sam- (“together”) + arātridinaṃ.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.

कर्कटावस्थिते भानौ दक्षिणायनम् उच्यते उत्तरायणम् अप्य् उक्तं मकरस्थे दिवाकरे

karkaṭāvasthite bhānau dakṣiṇāyanam ucyate uttarāyaṇam apy uktaṃ makarasthe divākare

[2.8.68] is called ut- (“up, out”) + tarāyaṇam said

Word make-up

karkaṭāvasthite (कर्कटावस्थिते): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
bhānau (भानौ): bhānau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dakṣiṇāyanam (दक्षिणायनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”
ucyate (उच्यते): is called; Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.
uttarāyaṇam (उत्तरायणम्): ut- (“up, out”) + tarāyaṇam; ut- (“up, out”) + tarāyaṇam.
apy (अप्य्): apy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
uktaṃ (उक्तं): said; Past participle of vac: said.
makarasthe (मकरस्थे): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
divākare (दिवाकरे): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”

त्रिंशन्मुहूर्तं कथितम् अहोरात्रं तु यन् मया तानि पञ्चदश ब्रह्मन् पक्ष इत्य् अभिधीयते

triṃśanmuhūrtaṃ kathitam ahorātraṃ tu yan mayā tāni pañcadaśa brahman pakṣa ity abhidhīyate

[2.8.69] a- (“not”) + horātraṃ but by me them that-which-is-vast (brahman)

Word make-up

triṃśanmuhūrtaṃ (त्रिंशन्मुहूर्तं): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
kathitam (कथितम्): kathitam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahorātraṃ (अहोरात्रं): a- (“not”) + horātraṃ; a- (“not”) + horātraṃ.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
yan (यन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
mayā (मया): by me; Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
tāni (तानि): them; Inflected from tān. Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
pañcadaśa (पञ्चदश): pañcadaśa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
brahman (ब्रह्मन्): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
pakṣa (पक्ष): pakṣa is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते): The core matches the root bhid, “to split.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + dhīyate.

मासः पक्षद्वयेनोक्तो द्वौ मासौ चार्कजाव् ऋतुः ऋतुत्रयं चाप्य् अयनं द्वे ऽयने वर्षसंज्ञिते

māsaḥ pakṣadvayenokto dvau māsau cārkajāv ṛtuḥ ṛtutrayaṃ cāpy ayanaṃ dve 'yane varṣasaṃjñite

[2.8.70] two the fitted-true two

Word make-up

māsaḥ (मासः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
pakṣadvayenokto (पक्षद्वयेनोक्तो): pakṣadvayenokto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvau (द्वौ): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
māsau (मासौ): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
cārkajāv (चार्कजाव्): cārkajāv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ṛtuḥ (ऋतुः): the fitted-true; Inflected from ṛta. ṛta: the fitted, the true course (from ṛ, “to go”). What is right-fitted.
ṛtutrayaṃ (ऋतुत्रयं): ṛtutrayaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cāpy (चाप्य्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
ayanaṃ (अयनं): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” a- (“not”) + yanaṃ.
dve (द्वे): two; dvi: two. Dual forms “these two.”
'yane (ऽयने): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
varṣasaṃjñite (वर्षसंज्ञिते): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

संवत्सरादयः पञ्च चतुर्मासविकल्पिताः निश्चयः सर्वकालस्य युगम् इत्य् अभिधीयते

saṃvatsarādayaḥ pañca caturmāsavikalpitāḥ niścayaḥ sarvakālasya yugam ity abhidhīyate

[2.8.71] saṃ- (“together”) + vatsarādayaḥ five ni- (“down, in”) + ścayaḥ

Word make-up

saṃvatsarādayaḥ (संवत्सरादयः): saṃ- (“together”) + vatsarādayaḥ; saṃ- (“together”) + vatsarādayaḥ.
pañca (पञ्च): five; pañcan: five.
caturmāsavikalpitāḥ (चतुर्मासविकल्पिताः): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
niścayaḥ (निश्चयः): ni- (“down, in”) + ścayaḥ; ni- (“down, in”) + ścayaḥ.
sarvakālasya (सर्वकालस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
yugam (युगम्): The core matches the root gam, “to go.”
ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते): The core matches the root bhid, “to split.” abhi- (“toward, over, against”) + dhīyate.

संवत्सरस् तु प्रथमो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः इद्वत्सरस् तृतीयस् तु चतुर्थश् चानुवत्सरः वत्सरः पञ्चमश् चात्र कालो ऽयं युगसंज्ञितः

saṃvatsaras tu prathamo dvitīyaḥ parivatsaraḥ idvatsaras tṛtīyas tu caturthaś cānuvatsaraḥ vatsaraḥ pañcamaś cātra kālo 'yaṃ yugasaṃjñitaḥ

[2.8.72] but pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamo pari- (“around”) + vatsaraḥ but time

Word make-up

saṃvatsaras (संवत्सरस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.” saṃ- (“together”) + vatsaras.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
prathamo (प्रथमो): pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamo; pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamo.
dvitīyaḥ (द्वितीयः): dvitīyaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
parivatsaraḥ (परिवत्सरः): pari- (“around”) + vatsaraḥ; pari- (“around”) + vatsaraḥ.
idvatsaras (इद्वत्सरस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tṛtīyas (तृतीयस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
caturthaś (चतुर्थश्): caturthaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cānuvatsaraḥ (चानुवत्सरः): cānuvatsaraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vatsaraḥ (वत्सरः): vatsaraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pañcamaś (पञ्चमश्): pañcamaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cātra (चात्र): cātra is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kālo (कालो): time; Inflected from kāla. kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
'yaṃ (ऽयं): 'yaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yugasaṃjñitaḥ (युगसंज्ञितः): The core matches the root as, “to be.”

यः श्वेतस्योत्तरे शैलः शृङ्गवान् इति विश्रुतः त्रीणि तस्य तु शृङ्गाणि यैर् असौ शृङ्गवान् स्मृतः

yaḥ śvetasyottare śailaḥ śṛṅgavān iti viśrutaḥ trīṇi tasya tu śṛṅgāṇi yair asau śṛṅgavān smṛtaḥ

[2.8.73] who thus three of that but

Word make-up

yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
śvetasyottare (श्वेतस्योत्तरे): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
śailaḥ (शैलः): śailaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śṛṅgavān (शृङ्गवान्): śṛṅgavān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
iti (इति): thus; Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought.
viśrutaḥ (विश्रुतः): The core matches the root śru, “to hear.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śrutaḥ.
trīṇi (त्रीणि): three; tri: three.
tasya (तस्य): of that; Genitive of tad: “of that, his.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
śṛṅgāṇi (शृङ्गाणि): śṛṅgāṇi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yair (यैर्): yair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
asau (असौ): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + sau.
śṛṅgavān (शृङ्गवान्): śṛṅgavān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
smṛtaḥ (स्मृतः): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”

दक्षिणं चोत्तरं चैव मध्यं वैषुवतं तथा शरद्वसन्तयोर् मध्ये तद् भानुः प्रतिपद्यते मेषादौ च तुलादौ च मैत्रेय विषुवत्स्थितः

dakṣiṇaṃ cottaraṃ caiva madhyaṃ vaiṣuvataṃ tathā śaradvasantayor madhye tad bhānuḥ pratipadyate meṣādau ca tulādau ca maitreya viṣuvatsthitaḥ

[2.8.74] middle so middle that and and

Word make-up

dakṣiṇaṃ (दक्षिणं): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
cottaraṃ (चोत्तरं): cottaraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
madhyaṃ (मध्यं): middle; madhya: middle.
vaiṣuvataṃ (वैषुवतं): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
śaradvasantayor (शरद्वसन्तयोर्): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
madhye (मध्ये): middle; madhya: middle.
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
bhānuḥ (भानुः): bhānuḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pratipadyate (प्रतिपद्यते): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + padyate.
meṣādau (मेषादौ): meṣādau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tulādau (तुलादौ): tulādau is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viṣuvatsthitaḥ (विषुवत्स्थितः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣuvatsthitaḥ.

तदा तुल्यम् अहोरात्रं करोति तिमिरापहः दशपञ्चमुहूर्तं वै तद् एतद् उभयं स्मृतम्

tadā tulyam ahorātraṃ karoti timirāpahaḥ daśapañcamuhūrtaṃ vai tad etad ubhayaṃ smṛtam

[2.8.75] then a- (“not”) + horātraṃ doing indeed that this both

Word make-up

tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
tulyam (तुल्यम्): tulyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ahorātraṃ (अहोरात्रं): a- (“not”) + horātraṃ; a- (“not”) + horātraṃ.
karoti (करोति): doing; From kṛ, “to do, to make.” To do; having done; doing.
timirāpahaḥ (तिमिरापहः): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
daśapañcamuhūrtaṃ (दशपञ्चमुहूर्तं): The core matches the root muh, “to be confused.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
etad (एतद्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
ubhayaṃ (उभयं): both; ubha: both.
smṛtam (स्मृतम्): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”

प्रथमे कृत्तिकाभागे यदा भास्वांस् तदा शशी विशाखानां चतुर्थे ऽंशे मुने तिष्ठत्य् असंशयम्

prathame kṛttikābhāge yadā bhāsvāṃs tadā śaśī viśākhānāṃ caturthe 'ṃśe mune tiṣṭhaty asaṃśayam

[2.8.76] pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame when then not doubt

Word make-up

prathame (प्रथमे): pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame; pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
kṛttikābhāge (कृत्तिकाभागे): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
yadā (यदा): when; ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
bhāsvāṃs (भास्वांस्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
śaśī (शशी): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.”
viśākhānāṃ (विशाखानां): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śākhānāṃ.
caturthe (चतुर्थे): caturthe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'ṃśe (ऽंशे): 'ṃśe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mune (मुने): mune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tiṣṭhaty (तिष्ठत्य्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
asaṃśayam (असंशयम्): not doubt; a- (“not”) joined to saṃśayam. sam-śī, “to lie together (in two minds).” Doubt. Together the form means a + that sense.

विशाखानां यदा सूर्यश् चरत्य् अंशं तृतीयकम् तदा चन्द्रं विजानीयात् कृत्तिकाशिरसि स्थितम्

viśākhānāṃ yadā sūryaś caraty aṃśaṃ tṛtīyakam tadā candraṃ vijānīyāt kṛttikāśirasi sthitam

[2.8.77] when a- (“not”) + ṃśaṃ then the moon knows standing

Word make-up

viśākhānāṃ (विशाखानां): The core matches the root viś, “to enter.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + śākhānāṃ.
yadā (यदा): when; ya- + dā: “at which time, when.”
sūryaś (सूर्यश्): sūryaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caraty (चरत्य्): The core matches the root car, “to move.”
aṃśaṃ (अंशं): a- (“not”) + ṃśaṃ; a- (“not”) + ṃśaṃ.
tṛtīyakam (तृतीयकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.”
tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
candraṃ (चन्द्रं): the moon; Inflected from candra. candra from cand, “to shine.” The moon. soma is the pressed plant and the moon.
vijānīyāt (विजानीयात्): knows; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to jānīyāt. From jñā, “to know.” Knows; should know. Together the form means vi + that sense.
kṛttikāśirasi (कृत्तिकाशिरसि): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
sthitam (स्थितम्): standing; Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.

तदैव विषुवाख्यो वै कालः पुण्यो ऽभिधीयते तदा दानानि देयानि देवेभ्यः प्रयतात्मभिः

tadaiva viṣuvākhyo vai kālaḥ puṇyo 'bhidhīyate tadā dānāni deyāni devebhyaḥ prayatātmabhiḥ

[2.8.78] indeed time merit then shining one pra- (“forth, forward”) + yatātmabhiḥ

Word make-up

tadaiva (तदैव): tadaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
viṣuvākhyo (विषुवाख्यो): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣuvākhyo.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
kālaḥ (कालः): time; kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
puṇyo (पुण्यो): merit; Inflected from puṇya. puṇya: auspicious, meritorious (from puṇ/pūṣ related “to thrive”). Merit as what thrives.
'bhidhīyate (ऽभिधीयते): The core matches the root bhid, “to split.”
tadā (तदा): then; ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
dānāni (दानानि): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
deyāni (देयानि): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
devebhyaḥ (देवेभ्यः): shining one; Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
prayatātmabhiḥ (प्रयतात्मभिः): pra- (“forth, forward”) + yatātmabhiḥ; pra- (“forth, forward”) + yatātmabhiḥ.

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः पितृभ्यश् च मुखम् एतत् तु दानजम् दत्तदानस् तु विषुवे कृतकृत्यो ऽभिजायते

brāhmaṇebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaś ca mukham etat tu dānajam dattadānas tu viṣuve kṛtakṛtyo 'bhijāyate

[2.8.79] a brāhmaṇa and mouth this but but

Word make-up

brāhmaṇebhyaḥ (ब्राह्मणेभ्यः): a brāhmaṇa; Inflected from brāhmaṇa. Belonging to brahman (that-which-is-vast). A person of that class; not the same word as brahma.
pitṛbhyaś (पितृभ्यश्): pitṛbhyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
mukham (मुखम्): mouth; mukha: mouth, face, forefront.
etat (एतत्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
dānajam (दानजम्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
dattadānas (दत्तदानस्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
viṣuve (विषुवे): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣuve.
kṛtakṛtyo (कृतकृत्यो): The core matches the root kṛ, “to do, to make.”
'bhijāyate (ऽभिजायते): 'bhijāyate is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

अहोरात्रार्धमासौ तु कलाः काष्ठाः क्षणास् तथा पौर्णमासी तथा ज्ञेया अमावास्या तथैव च सिनीवाली कुहूश् चैव राका चानुमतिस् तथा

ahorātrārdhamāsau tu kalāḥ kāṣṭhāḥ kṣaṇās tathā paurṇamāsī tathā jñeyā amāvāsyā tathaiva ca sinīvālī kuhūś caiva rākā cānumatis tathā

[2.8.80] but so so knowing likewise and so

Word make-up

ahorātrārdhamāsau (अहोरात्रार्धमासौ): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” a- (“not”) + horātrārdhamāsau.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
kalāḥ (कलाः): kalāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāṣṭhāḥ (काष्ठाः): kāṣṭhāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṣaṇās (क्षणास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
paurṇamāsī (पौर्णमासी): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
jñeyā (ज्ञेया): knowing; Inflected from jñeya. From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
amāvāsyā (अमावास्या): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” a- (“not”) + māvāsyā.
tathaiva (तथैव): likewise; tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sinīvālī (सिनीवाली): The core matches the root nī, “to lead.”
kuhūś (कुहूश्): kuhūś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
rākā (राका): rākā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cānumatis (चानुमतिस्): cānumatis is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”

तपस्तपस्यौ मधुमाधवौ च शुक्रः शुचिश् चायनम् उत्तरं स्यात् नभो नभस्यो ऽथ इषश् च सोर्जः सहःसहस्याव् इति दक्षिणं स्यात्

tapastapasyau madhumādhavau ca śukraḥ śuciś cāyanam uttaraṃ syāt nabho nabhasyo 'tha iṣaś ca sorjaḥ sahaḥsahasyāv iti dakṣiṇaṃ syāt

[2.8.81] and ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ it would be and thus it would be

Word make-up

tapastapasyau (तपस्तपस्यौ): The core matches the root tap, “to heat.”
madhumādhavau (मधुमाधवौ): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
śukraḥ (शुक्रः): śukraḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śuciś (शुचिश्): The core matches the root śuc, “to gleam, to be clean.”
cāyanam (चायनम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.”
uttaraṃ (उत्तरं): ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ; ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ.
syāt (स्यात्): it would be; Optative of as: “it may be, it would be.”
nabho (नभो): nabho is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
nabhasyo (नभस्यो): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
'tha (ऽथ): 'tha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
iṣaś (इषश्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sorjaḥ (सोर्जः): sorjaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
sahaḥsahasyāv (सहःसहस्याव्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
iti (इति): thus; Quotative particle: “thus” — closes speech or thought.
dakṣiṇaṃ (दक्षिणं): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
syāt (स्यात्): it would be; Optative of as: “it may be, it would be.”

लोकालोकस् तु यः शैलः प्रागुक्तो भवतो मया लोकपालास् तु चत्वारस् तत्र तिष्ठन्ति सुव्रताः

lokālokas tu yaḥ śailaḥ prāgukto bhavato mayā lokapālās tu catvāras tatra tiṣṭhanti suvratāḥ

[2.8.82] but who by me but four there stands su- (“well, good”) + vratāḥ

Word make-up

lokālokas (लोकालोकस्): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
yaḥ (यः): who; Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
śailaḥ (शैलः): śailaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
prāgukto (प्रागुक्तो): prāgukto is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhavato (भवतो): bhavato is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mayā (मया): by me; Instrumental of asmad: “by me.”
lokapālās (लोकपालास्): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
catvāras (चत्वारस्): four; catur: four.
tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
tiṣṭhanti (तिष्ठन्ति): stands; From sthā, “to stand.” Stands.
suvratāḥ (सुव्रताः): su- (“well, good”) + vratāḥ; su- (“well, good”) + vratāḥ.

सुधामा शङ्खपाच् चैव कर्दमस्यात्मजौ द्विज हिरण्यरोमा चैवान्यश् चतुर्थः केतुमान् अपि

sudhāmā śaṅkhapāc caiva kardamasyātmajau dvija hiraṇyaromā caivānyaś caturthaḥ ketumān api

[2.8.83] twice-born also

Word make-up

sudhāmā (सुधामा): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” su- (“well, good”) + dhāmā.
śaṅkhapāc (शङ्खपाच्): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kardamasyātmajau (कर्दमस्यात्मजौ): The core matches the root dam, “to tame.”
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
hiraṇyaromā (हिरण्यरोमा): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
caivānyaś (चैवान्यश्): caivānyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
caturthaḥ (चतुर्थः): caturthaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ketumān (केतुमान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”

निर्द्वंद्वा निरभीमाना निस्तन्द्रा निष्परिग्रहाः लोकपालाः स्थिता ह्य् एते लोकालोके चतुर्दिशम्

nirdvaṃdvā nirabhīmānā nistandrā niṣparigrahāḥ lokapālāḥ sthitā hy ete lokāloke caturdiśam

[2.8.84] nir- (“out, without”) + dvaṃdvā standing these

Word make-up

nirdvaṃdvā (निर्द्वंद्वा): nir- (“out, without”) + dvaṃdvā; nir- (“out, without”) + dvaṃdvā.
nirabhīmānā (निरभीमाना): The core matches the root bhī, “to fear.” nir- (“out, without”) + abhīmānā.
nistandrā (निस्तन्द्रा): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.” ni- (“down, in”) + standrā.
niṣparigrahāḥ (निष्परिग्रहाः): The core matches the root grah, “to grasp.” niṣ- (“out, without”) + parigrahāḥ.
lokapālāḥ (लोकपालाः): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
sthitā (स्थिता): standing; Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ete (एते): these; Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
lokāloke (लोकालोके): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
caturdiśam (चतुर्दिशम्): The core matches the root śam, “to be calm.”

उत्तरं यद् अगस्त्यस्य अजवीथ्याश् च दक्षिणम् पितृयानः स वै पन्था वैश्वानरपथाद् बहिः

uttaraṃ yad agastyasya ajavīthyāś ca dakṣiṇam pitṛyānaḥ sa vai panthā vaiśvānarapathād bahiḥ

[2.8.85] ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ which and he indeed outside

Word make-up

uttaraṃ (उत्तरं): ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ; ut- (“up, out”) + taraṃ.
yad (यद्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
agastyasya (अगस्त्यस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.” a- (“not”) + gastyasya.
ajavīthyāś (अजवीथ्याश्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” a- (“not”) + javīthyāś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dakṣiṇam (दक्षिणम्): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
pitṛyānaḥ (पितृयानः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
panthā (पन्था): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
vaiśvānarapathād (वैश्वानरपथाद्): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
bahiḥ (बहिः): outside; Indeclinable: “outside.”

तत्रासते महात्मान ऋषयो ये ऽग्निहोत्रिणः भूतारम्भकृतं ब्रह्म शंसन्त ऋत्विगुद्यताः लोकारम्भं प्रारभन्ते तेषां पन्थाः स दक्षिणः

tatrāsate mahātmāna ṛṣayo ye 'gnihotriṇaḥ bhūtārambhakṛtaṃ brahma śaṃsanta ṛtvigudyatāḥ lokārambhaṃ prārabhante teṣāṃ panthāḥ sa dakṣiṇaḥ

[2.8.86] seer who that-which-is-vast (brahman) of them he

Word make-up

tatrāsate (तत्रासते): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
mahātmāna (महात्मान): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
ṛṣayo (ऋषयो): seer; Inflected from ṛṣaya. ṛṣi: seer, from ṛṣ / dṛś related “to go, to see.” One who sees (the hymn, the truth).
ye (ये): who; Nominative plural of yad: “who, which.” Relative stem ya-.
'gnihotriṇaḥ (ऽग्निहोत्रिणः): 'gnihotriṇaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhūtārambhakṛtaṃ (भूतारम्भकृतं): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
brahma (ब्रह्म): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
śaṃsanta (शंसन्त): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
ṛtvigudyatāḥ (ऋत्विगुद्यताः): ṛtvigudyatāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
lokārambhaṃ (लोकारम्भं): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
prārabhante (प्रारभन्ते): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
teṣāṃ (तेषां): of them; Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
panthāḥ (पन्थाः): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
dakṣiṇaḥ (दक्षिणः): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”

चलितं ते पुनर् ब्रह्म स्थापयन्ति युगे युगे संतत्या तपसा चैव मर्यादाभिः श्रुतेन च

calitaṃ te punar brahma sthāpayanti yuge yuge saṃtatyā tapasā caiva maryādābhiḥ śrutena ca

[2.8.87] you again that-which-is-vast (brahman) heat and

Word make-up

calitaṃ (चलितं): The core matches the root cal, “to stir.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
punar (पुनर्): again; Adverb: “again, back.”
brahma (ब्रह्म): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
sthāpayanti (स्थापयन्ति): The core matches the root sthā, “to stand.”
yuge (युगे): yuge is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yuge (युगे): yuge is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃtatyā (संतत्या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.” saṃ- (“together”) + tatyā.
tapasā (तपसा): heat; From tap, “to heat, to burn.” Heat; the heating of oneself (austerity as inner heat, not grim duty).
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
maryādābhiḥ (मर्यादाभिः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
śrutena (श्रुतेन): The core matches the root śru, “to hear.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”

जायमानास् तु पूर्वे तु पश्चिमानां गृहेषु वै पश्चिमाश् चैव पूर्वेषां जायन्ते निधनेष्व् इह

jāyamānās tu pūrve tu paścimānāṃ gṛheṣu vai paścimāś caiva pūrveṣāṃ jāyante nidhaneṣv iha

[2.8.88] but but indeed here

Word make-up

jāyamānās (जायमानास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
pūrve (पूर्वे): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
paścimānāṃ (पश्चिमानां): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
gṛheṣu (गृहेषु): gṛheṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vai (वै): indeed; Particle of emphasis: “indeed.”
paścimāś (पश्चिमाश्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
caiva (चैव): caiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pūrveṣāṃ (पूर्वेषां): The core matches the root pū, “to purify.”
jāyante (जायन्ते): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
nidhaneṣv (निधनेष्व्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.” ni- (“down, in”) + dhaneṣv.
iha (इह): here; Adverb: “here, in this world.”

एवम् आवर्तमानास् ते तिष्ठन्त्य् आभूतसंप्लवात् सवितुर् दक्षिणं मार्गं श्रिता ह्य् आचन्द्रतारकम्

evam āvartamānās te tiṣṭhanty ābhūtasaṃplavāt savitur dakṣiṇaṃ mārgaṃ śritā hy ācandratārakam

[2.8.89] just you track

Word make-up

evam (एवम्): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
āvartamānās (आवर्तमानास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + vartamānās.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
tiṣṭhanty (तिष्ठन्त्य्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
ābhūtasaṃplavāt (आभूतसंप्लवात्): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + bhūtasaṃplavāt.
savitur (सवितुर्): savitur is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dakṣiṇaṃ (दक्षिणं): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
mārgaṃ (मार्गं): track; From mṛg, “to seek, to track,” or from mārj. A track, a way.
śritā (श्रिता): The core matches the root śri, “to lean.”
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ācandratārakam (आचन्द्रतारकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + candratārakam.

नागवीथ्युत्तरं यच् च सप्तर्षिभ्यश् च दक्षिणम् उत्तरः सवितुः पन्था देवयानस् तु स स्मृतः

nāgavīthyuttaraṃ yac ca saptarṣibhyaś ca dakṣiṇam uttaraḥ savituḥ panthā devayānas tu sa smṛtaḥ

[2.8.90] and and ut- (“up, out”) + taraḥ but he

Word make-up

nāgavīthyuttaraṃ (नागवीथ्युत्तरं): nāgavīthyuttaraṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yac (यच्): yac is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
saptarṣibhyaś (सप्तर्षिभ्यश्): saptarṣibhyaś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dakṣiṇam (दक्षिणम्): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
uttaraḥ (उत्तरः): ut- (“up, out”) + taraḥ; ut- (“up, out”) + taraḥ.
savituḥ (सवितुः): savituḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
panthā (पन्था): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
devayānas (देवयानस्): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
sa (स): he; Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
smṛtaḥ (स्मृतः): The core matches the root smṛ, “to remember.”

तत्र ते वशिनः सिद्धा विमला ब्रह्मचारिणः संततिं ते जुगुप्सन्ति तस्मान् मृत्युर् जितश् च तैः

tatra te vaśinaḥ siddhā vimalā brahmacāriṇaḥ saṃtatiṃ te jugupsanti tasmān mṛtyur jitaś ca taiḥ

[2.8.91] there you vi- (“apart, asunder”) + malā saṃ- (“together”) + tatiṃ you and

Word make-up

tatra (तत्र): there; ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
vaśinaḥ (वशिनः): vaśinaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
siddhā (सिद्धा): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
vimalā (विमला): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + malā; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + malā.
brahmacāriṇaḥ (ब्रह्मचारिणः): brahmacāriṇaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃtatiṃ (संततिं): saṃ- (“together”) + tatiṃ; saṃ- (“together”) + tatiṃ.
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
jugupsanti (जुगुप्सन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
tasmān (तस्मान्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
mṛtyur (मृत्युर्): The core matches the root mṛ, “to die.”
jitaś (जितश्): The core matches the root ji, “to conquer.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
taiḥ (तैः): taiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि यतीनाम् ऊर्ध्वरेतसाम् उदक्पन्थानम् अर्यम्णः श्रिता ह्य् आभूतसंप्लवात्

aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi yatīnām ūrdhvaretasām udakpanthānam aryamṇaḥ śritā hy ābhūtasaṃplavāt

[2.8.92] which a- (“not”) + ryamṇaḥ

Word make-up

aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi (अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि): The core matches the root śī, “to lie.” a- (“not”) + ṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi.
yatīnām (यतीनाम्): which; Inflected from yat. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
ūrdhvaretasām (ऊर्ध्वरेतसाम्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
udakpanthānam (उदक्पन्थानम्): The core matches the root nam, “to bow.” ud- (“up, out”) + akpanthānam.
aryamṇaḥ (अर्यम्णः): a- (“not”) + ryamṇaḥ; a- (“not”) + ryamṇaḥ.
śritā (श्रिता): The core matches the root śri, “to lean.”
hy (ह्य्): hy is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ābhūtasaṃplavāt (आभूतसंप्लवात्): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + bhūtasaṃplavāt.

ते ऽसंप्रयोगाल् लोभस्य मैथुनस्य च वर्जनात् इच्छाद्वेषाप्रवृत्त्या च भूतारम्भविवर्जनात्

te 'saṃprayogāl lobhasya maithunasya ca varjanāt icchādveṣāpravṛttyā ca bhūtārambhavivarjanāt

[2.8.93] you grasping-desire and and

Word make-up

te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
'saṃprayogāl (ऽसंप्रयोगाल्): 'saṃprayogāl is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
lobhasya (लोभस्य): grasping-desire; From lubh, “to desire greedily.” Grasping-desire.
maithunasya (मैथुनस्य): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
varjanāt (वर्जनात्): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
icchādveṣāpravṛttyā (इच्छाद्वेषाप्रवृत्त्या): The core matches the root vṛt, “to turn.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
bhūtārambhavivarjanāt (भूतारम्भविवर्जनात्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

पुनश् चाकामसंयोगाच् शब्दादेर् दोषदर्शनात् इत्य् एभिः कारणैः शुद्धास् ते ऽमृतत्वं हि भेजिरे

punaś cākāmasaṃyogāc śabdāder doṣadarśanāt ity ebhiḥ kāraṇaiḥ śuddhās te 'mṛtatvaṃ hi bhejire

[2.8.94] the causing you for

Word make-up

punaś (पुनश्): The core matches the root naś, “to perish.”
cākāmasaṃyogāc (चाकामसंयोगाच्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
śabdāder (शब्दादेर्): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
doṣadarśanāt (दोषदर्शनात्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
ity (इत्य्): ity is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ebhiḥ (एभिः): ebhiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāraṇaiḥ (कारणैः): the causing; Inflected from kāraṇa. From kṛ: the causing; a cause as that which makes.
śuddhās (शुद्धास्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
'mṛtatvaṃ (ऽमृतत्वं): The core matches the root mṛ, “to die.”
hi (हि): for; Particle: “for, because, indeed” — marks a reason or emphasis.
bhejire (भेजिरे): The core matches the root ji, “to conquer.”

आभूतसंप्लवं स्थानम् अमृतत्वं विभाव्यते त्रैलोक्यस्थितिकालो ऽयम् अपुनर्मार उच्यते

ābhūtasaṃplavaṃ sthānam amṛtatvaṃ vibhāvyate trailokyasthitikālo 'yam apunarmāra ucyate

[2.8.95] standing vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate is called

Word make-up

ābhūtasaṃplavaṃ (आभूतसंप्लवं): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + bhūtasaṃplavaṃ.
sthānam (स्थानम्): standing; From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
amṛtatvaṃ (अमृतत्वं): The core matches the root mṛ, “to die.” a- (“not”) + mṛtatvaṃ.
vibhāvyate (विभाव्यते): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvyate.
trailokyasthitikālo (त्रैलोक्यस्थितिकालो): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
'yam (ऽयम्): 'yam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
apunarmāra (अपुनर्मार): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” a- (“not”) + punarmāra.
ucyate (उच्यते): is called; Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.

ब्रह्महत्याश्वमेधाभ्यां पापपुण्यकृतो विधिः आभूतसंप्लवान्तान्तं फलम् उक्तं तयोर् द्विज

brahmahatyāśvamedhābhyāṃ pāpapuṇyakṛto vidhiḥ ābhūtasaṃplavāntāntaṃ phalam uktaṃ tayor dvija

[2.8.96] fruit said twice-born

Word make-up

brahmahatyāśvamedhābhyāṃ (ब्रह्महत्याश्वमेधाभ्यां): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
pāpapuṇyakṛto (पापपुण्यकृतो): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
vidhiḥ (विधिः): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dhiḥ.
ābhūtasaṃplavāntāntaṃ (आभूतसंप्लवान्तान्तं): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + bhūtasaṃplavāntāntaṃ.
phalam (फलम्): fruit; Fruit; the produce of a deed (from a root of bursting/ripening). Result as fruit, not a score.
uktaṃ (उक्तं): said; Past participle of vac: said.
tayor (तयोर्): tayor is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

यावन्मात्रप्रदेशे तु मैत्रेयावस्थितो ध्रुवः क्षयम् आयाति तावत् तु भूमेर् आभूतसंप्लवे

yāvanmātrapradeśe tu maitreyāvasthito dhruvaḥ kṣayam āyāti tāvat tu bhūmer ābhūtasaṃplave

[2.8.97] but going but

Word make-up

yāvanmātrapradeśe (यावन्मात्रप्रदेशे): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
maitreyāvasthito (मैत्रेयावस्थितो): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
dhruvaḥ (ध्रुवः): dhruvaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kṣayam (क्षयम्): kṣayam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āyāti (आयाति): going; ā- (“unto, fully”) joined to yāti. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes. Together the form means ā + that sense.
tāvat (तावत्): tāvat is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
bhūmer (भूमेर्): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
ābhūtasaṃplave (आभूतसंप्लवे): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + bhūtasaṃplave.

ऊर्ध्वोत्तरम् ऋषिभ्यस् तु ध्रुवो यत्र व्यवस्थितः एतद् विष्णुपदं दिव्यं तृतीयं व्योम्नि भास्वरम्

ūrdhvottaram ṛṣibhyas tu dhruvo yatra vyavasthitaḥ etad viṣṇupadaṃ divyaṃ tṛtīyaṃ vyomni bhāsvaram

[2.8.98] but where this

Word make-up

ūrdhvottaram (ऊर्ध्वोत्तरम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
ṛṣibhyas (ऋषिभ्यस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
dhruvo (ध्रुवो): dhruvo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yatra (यत्र): where; ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
vyavasthitaḥ (व्यवस्थितः): The core matches the root vas, “to dwell.”
etad (एतद्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
viṣṇupadaṃ (विष्णुपदं): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇupadaṃ.
divyaṃ (दिव्यं): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
tṛtīyaṃ (तृतीयं): tṛtīyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vyomni (व्योम्नि): vyomni is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhāsvaram (भास्वरम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”

निर्धूतदोषपङ्कानां यतीनां संयतात्मनाम् स्थानं तत् परमं विप्र पुण्यपापपरिक्षये

nirdhūtadoṣapaṅkānāṃ yatīnāṃ saṃyatātmanām sthānaṃ tat paramaṃ vipra puṇyapāpaparikṣaye

[2.8.99] nir- (“out, without”) + dhūtadoṣapaṅkānāṃ standing that highest vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra

Word make-up

nirdhūtadoṣapaṅkānāṃ (निर्धूतदोषपङ्कानां): nir- (“out, without”) + dhūtadoṣapaṅkānāṃ; nir- (“out, without”) + dhūtadoṣapaṅkānāṃ.
yatīnāṃ (यतीनां): yatīnāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃyatātmanām (संयतात्मनाम्): The core matches the root man, “to think.” saṃ- (“together”) + yatātmanām.
sthānaṃ (स्थानं): standing; From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
paramaṃ (परमं): highest; Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
vipra (विप्र): vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra; vi- (“apart, asunder”) + pra.
puṇyapāpaparikṣaye (पुण्यपापपरिक्षये): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”

अपुण्यपुण्योपरमे क्षीणाशेषाप्तिहेतवः यत्र गत्वा न शोचन्ति तद् विष्णोः परमं पदम्

apuṇyapuṇyoparame kṣīṇāśeṣāptihetavaḥ yatra gatvā na śocanti tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam

[2.8.100] where going not that highest

Word make-up

apuṇyapuṇyoparame (अपुण्यपुण्योपरमे): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.” a- (“not”) + puṇyapuṇyoparame.
kṣīṇāśeṣāptihetavaḥ (क्षीणाशेषाप्तिहेतवः): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
yatra (यत्र): where; ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
gatvā (गत्वा): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
na (न): not; Negation: “not.”
śocanti (शोचन्ति): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
viṣṇoḥ (विष्णोः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇoḥ.
paramaṃ (परमं): highest; Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
padam (पदम्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”

धर्मध्रुवाद्यास् तिष्ठन्ति यत्र ते लोकसाक्षिणः तत्सार्ष्ट्योत्पन्नयोगेद्धास् तद् विष्णोः परमं पदम्

dharmadhruvādyās tiṣṭhanti yatra te lokasākṣiṇaḥ tatsārṣṭyotpannayogeddhās tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam

[2.8.101] stands where you that highest

Word make-up

dharmadhruvādyās (धर्मध्रुवाद्यास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
tiṣṭhanti (तिष्ठन्ति): stands; From sthā, “to stand.” Stands.
yatra (यत्र): where; ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
lokasākṣiṇaḥ (लोकसाक्षिणः): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
tatsārṣṭyotpannayogeddhās (तत्सार्ष्ट्योत्पन्नयोगेद्धास्): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
viṣṇoḥ (विष्णोः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇoḥ.
paramaṃ (परमं): highest; Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
padam (पदम्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”

यत्रोतम् एतत् प्रोतं च यद् भूतं सचराचरम् भाव्यं च विश्वं मैत्रेय तद् विष्णोः परमं पदम्

yatrotam etat protaṃ ca yad bhūtaṃ sacarācaram bhāvyaṃ ca viśvaṃ maitreya tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam

[2.8.102] this and which what has come to be and tomorrow that highest

Word make-up

yatrotam (यत्रोतम्): yatrotam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
etat (एतत्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
protaṃ (प्रोतं): protaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yad (यद्): which; Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
bhūtaṃ (भूतं): what has come to be; Inflected from bhūta. Past participle of bhū: “what has come to be; a being.”
sacarācaram (सचराचरम्): The core matches the root ram, “to rest, to delight.”
bhāvyaṃ (भाव्यं): bhāvyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
viśvaṃ (विश्वं): tomorrow; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to śvaṃ. Indeclinable: “tomorrow.” Together the form means vi + that sense.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
viṣṇoḥ (विष्णोः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇoḥ.
paramaṃ (परमं): highest; Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
padam (पदम्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”

दिवीव चक्षुर् आततं विततं यन् महात्मनाम् विवेकज्ञानदृष्टं च तद् विष्णोः परमं पदम्

divīva cakṣur ātataṃ vitataṃ yan mahātmanām vivekajñānadṛṣṭaṃ ca tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam

[2.8.103] stretched stretched and that highest

Word make-up

divīva (दिवीव): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
cakṣur (चक्षुर्): cakṣur is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ātataṃ (आततं): stretched; ā- (“unto, fully”) joined to tataṃ. From tan, “to stretch.” Stretched, spread (tatam). tataḥ is separately “from that.” Together the form means ā + that sense.
vitataṃ (विततं): stretched; vi- (“apart, asunder”) joined to tataṃ. From tan, “to stretch.” Stretched, spread (tatam). tataḥ is separately “from that.” Together the form means vi + that sense.
yan (यन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
mahātmanām (महात्मनाम्): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
vivekajñānadṛṣṭaṃ (विवेकज्ञानदृष्टं): The core matches the root jñā, “to know.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + vekajñānadṛṣṭaṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
tad (तद्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
viṣṇoḥ (विष्णोः): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇoḥ.
paramaṃ (परमं): highest; Superlative of para, “beyond, further.” The furthest, the highest.
padam (पदम्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”

यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठितो भास्वान् मेढीभूतः स्वयं ध्रुवः ध्रुवे च सर्वज्योतींषि ज्योतिष्व् अम्भोमुचो द्विज

yasmin pratiṣṭhito bhāsvān meḍhībhūtaḥ svayaṃ dhruvaḥ dhruve ca sarvajyotīṃṣi jyotiṣv ambhomuco dvija

[2.8.104] oneself and twice-born

Word make-up

yasmin (यस्मिन्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
pratiṣṭhito (प्रतिष्ठितो): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + ṣṭhito.
bhāsvān (भास्वान्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
meḍhībhūtaḥ (मेढीभूतः): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
svayaṃ (स्वयं): oneself; sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
dhruvaḥ (ध्रुवः): dhruvaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dhruve (ध्रुवे): dhruve is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sarvajyotīṃṣi (सर्वज्योतींषि): sarvajyotīṃṣi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jyotiṣv (ज्योतिष्व्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.”
ambhomuco (अम्भोमुचो): The core matches the root muc, “to release.” a- (“not”) + mbhomuco.
dvija (द्विज): twice-born; dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.

मेघेषु संतता वृष्टिर् वृष्टेः सृष्टेश् च पोषणम् आप्यायनं च सर्वेषां देवादीनां महामुने

megheṣu saṃtatā vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭeḥ sṛṣṭeś ca poṣaṇam āpyāyanaṃ ca sarveṣāṃ devādīnāṃ mahāmune

[2.8.105] that and and of all

Word make-up

megheṣu (मेघेषु): megheṣu is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃtatā (संतता): that; saṃ- (“together”) joined to tatā. Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-. Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
vṛṣṭir (वृष्टिर्): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”
vṛṣṭeḥ (वृष्टेः): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”
sṛṣṭeś (सृष्टेश्): The core matches the root sṛ, “to flow.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
poṣaṇam (पोषणम्): poṣaṇam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
āpyāyanaṃ (आप्यायनं): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + pyāyanaṃ.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sarveṣāṃ (सर्वेषां): of all; Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
devādīnāṃ (देवादीनां): devādīnāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
mahāmune (महामुने): mahāmune is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

ततश् चाज्याहुतिद्वारा पोषितास् ते हविर्भुजः वृष्टेः कारणतां यान्ति भूतानां स्थितये पुनः

tataś cājyāhutidvārā poṣitās te havirbhujaḥ vṛṣṭeḥ kāraṇatāṃ yānti bhūtānāṃ sthitaye punaḥ

[2.8.106] you going standing again

Word make-up

tataś (ततश्): tataś is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cājyāhutidvārā (चाज्याहुतिद्वारा): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
poṣitās (पोषितास्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.”
te (ते): you; Enclitic of yuṣmad (“your / to you”) or nominative plural of tad (“they”). Sense follows the verse.
havirbhujaḥ (हविर्भुजः): The core matches the root hu, “to pour the offering.”
vṛṣṭeḥ (वृष्टेः): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”
kāraṇatāṃ (कारणतां): kāraṇatāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yānti (यान्ति): going; From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
bhūtānāṃ (भूतानां): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
sthitaye (स्थितये): standing; Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
punaḥ (पुनः): again; Adverb: “again, back.”

एवम् एतत् पदं विष्णोस् तृतीयम् अमलात्मकम् आधारभूतं लोकानां त्रयाणां वृष्टिकारणम्

evam etat padaṃ viṣṇos tṛtīyam amalātmakam ādhārabhūtaṃ lokānāṃ trayāṇāṃ vṛṣṭikāraṇam

[2.8.107] just this

Word make-up

evam (एवम्): just; Inflected from eva. Particle of restriction or emphasis: “only, just, indeed.”
etat (एतत्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
padaṃ (पदं): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”
viṣṇos (विष्णोस्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇos.
tṛtīyam (तृतीयम्): tṛtīyam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
amalātmakam (अमलात्मकम्): The core matches the root kam, “to desire.” a- (“not”) + malātmakam.
ādhārabhūtaṃ (आधारभूतं): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.” ā- (“unto, fully”) + dhārabhūtaṃ.
lokānāṃ (लोकानां): The core matches the root lok, “to see, to shine.”
trayāṇāṃ (त्रयाणां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
vṛṣṭikāraṇam (वृष्टिकारणम्): The core matches the root vṛ, “to cover / to choose.”

ततः प्रभवति ब्रह्मन् सर्वपापहरा सरित् गङ्गा देवाङ्गनाङ्गानाम् अनुलेपनपिञ्जरा

tataḥ prabhavati brahman sarvapāpaharā sarit gaṅgā devāṅganāṅgānām anulepanapiñjarā

[2.8.108] then it comes to be that-which-is-vast (brahman)

Word make-up

tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
prabhavati (प्रभवति): it comes to be; pra- (“forth, forward”) joined to bhavati. Present of bhū, “to be, to come to be.” It comes to be; it is. Together the form means pra + that sense.
brahman (ब्रह्मन्): that-which-is-vast (brahman); Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
sarvapāpaharā (सर्वपापहरा): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
sarit (सरित्): sarit is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
gaṅgā (गङ्गा): gaṅgā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
devāṅganāṅgānām (देवाङ्गनाङ्गानाम्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
anulepanapiñjarā (अनुलेपनपिञ्जरा): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.” anu- (“along, after”) + lepanapiñjarā.

वामपादाम्बुजाङ्गुष्ठनखस्रोतोविनिर्गताम् विष्णोर् बिभर्ति यां भक्त्या शिरसाहर्निशं ध्रुवः

vāmapādāmbujāṅguṣṭhanakhasrotovinirgatām viṣṇor bibharti yāṃ bhaktyā śirasāharniśaṃ dhruvaḥ

[2.8.109] bearing sharing-in

Word make-up

vāmapādāmbujāṅguṣṭhanakhasrotovinirgatām (वामपादाम्बुजाङ्गुष्ठनखस्रोतोविनिर्गताम्): The core matches the root han, “to strike.”
viṣṇor (विष्णोर्): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + ṣṇor.
bibharti (बिभर्ति): bearing; From bhṛ, “to bear, to hold.” Bearing; those who bear.
yāṃ (यां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
bhaktyā (भक्त्या): sharing-in; From bhaj, “to share, to resort to.” Sharing-in (instrumental bhaktyā); one who shares in / resorts to (bhakta).
śirasāharniśaṃ (शिरसाहर्निशं): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
dhruvaḥ (ध्रुवः): dhruvaḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

ततः सप्तर्षयो यस्याः प्राणायामपरायणाः तिष्ठन्ति वीचिमालाभिर् उह्यमानजटाजले

tataḥ saptarṣayo yasyāḥ prāṇāyāmaparāyaṇāḥ tiṣṭhanti vīcimālābhir uhyamānajaṭājale

[2.8.110] then whose stands

Word make-up

tataḥ (ततः): then; From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
saptarṣayo (सप्तर्षयो): saptarṣayo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yasyāḥ (यस्याः): whose; Inflected from yasya. Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
prāṇāyāmaparāyaṇāḥ (प्राणायामपरायणाः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
tiṣṭhanti (तिष्ठन्ति): stands; From sthā, “to stand.” Stands.
vīcimālābhir (वीचिमालाभिर्): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”
uhyamānajaṭājale (उह्यमानजटाजले): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.”

वार्योघैः संततैर् यस्याः प्लावितं शशिमण्डलम् भूयो ऽधिकतरां कान्तिं वहत्य् एतद् उपक्षयम्

vāryoghaiḥ saṃtatair yasyāḥ plāvitaṃ śaśimaṇḍalam bhūyo 'dhikatarāṃ kāntiṃ vahaty etad upakṣayam

[2.8.111] saṃ- (“together”) + tatair whose again this upa- (“near, toward”) + kṣayam

Word make-up

vāryoghaiḥ (वार्योघैः): vāryoghaiḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
saṃtatair (संततैर्): saṃ- (“together”) + tatair; saṃ- (“together”) + tatair.
yasyāḥ (यस्याः): whose; Inflected from yasya. Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
plāvitaṃ (प्लावितं): plāvitaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
śaśimaṇḍalam (शशिमण्डलम्): śaśimaṇḍalam is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhūyo (भूयो): again; Inflected from bhūya. Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
'dhikatarāṃ (ऽधिकतरां): 'dhikatarāṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
kāntiṃ (कान्तिं): kāntiṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vahaty (वहत्य्): The core matches the root vah, “to carry.”
etad (एतद्): this; Neuter of etad: “this here.” e- + tad.
upakṣayam (उपक्षयम्): upa- (“near, toward”) + kṣayam; upa- (“near, toward”) + kṣayam.

मेरुपृष्ठे पतत्य् उच्चैर् निष्क्रान्ता शशिमण्डलात् जगतः पावनार्थाय या प्रयाति चतुर्दिशम्

merupṛṣṭhe pataty uccair niṣkrāntā śaśimaṇḍalāt jagataḥ pāvanārthāya yā prayāti caturdiśam

[2.8.112] the moving world goes forth

Word make-up

merupṛṣṭhe (मेरुपृष्ठे): merupṛṣṭhe is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pataty (पतत्य्): The core matches the root pat, “to fall.”
uccair (उच्चैर्): uccair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
niṣkrāntā (निष्क्रान्ता): The core matches the root iṣ, “to wish, to send.” niṣ- (“out, without”) + krāntā.
śaśimaṇḍalāt (शशिमण्डलात्): śaśimaṇḍalāt is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jagataḥ (जगतः): the moving world; From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
pāvanārthāya (पावनार्थाय): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
yā (या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
prayāti (प्रयाति): goes forth; pra-yā, “to go forth.” Goes forth; a going-forth.
caturdiśam (चतुर्दिशम्): The core matches the root śam, “to be calm.”

सीता चालकनन्दा च चक्षुर् भद्रा च संस्थिता एकैव या चतुर्भेदा दिग्भेदगतिलक्षणा

sītā cālakanandā ca cakṣur bhadrā ca saṃsthitā ekaiva yā caturbhedā digbhedagatilakṣaṇā

[2.8.113] and and standing

Word make-up

sītā (सीता): sītā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cālakanandā (चालकनन्दा): The core matches the root nand, “to rejoice.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
cakṣur (चक्षुर्): cakṣur is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhadrā (भद्रा): bhadrā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
saṃsthitā (संस्थिता): standing; saṃ- (“together”) joined to sthitā. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands. Together the form means saṃ + that sense.
ekaiva (एकैव): ekaiva is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yā (या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
caturbhedā (चतुर्भेदा): The core matches the root dā, “to give.”
digbhedagatilakṣaṇā (दिग्भेदगतिलक्षणा): digbhedagatilakṣaṇā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

भेदं चालकनन्दाख्यं यस्याः शर्वो ऽपि दक्षिणम् दधार शिरसा प्रीत्या वर्षाणाम् अधिकं शतम्

bhedaṃ cālakanandākhyaṃ yasyāḥ śarvo 'pi dakṣiṇam dadhāra śirasā prītyā varṣāṇām adhikaṃ śatam

[2.8.114] whose head whom a hundred

Word make-up

bhedaṃ (भेदं): bhedaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
cālakanandākhyaṃ (चालकनन्दाख्यं): The core matches the root nand, “to rejoice.”
yasyāḥ (यस्याः): whose; Inflected from yasya. Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
śarvo (शर्वो): śarvo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
'pi (ऽपि): 'pi is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dakṣiṇam (दक्षिणम्): The core matches the root kṣi, “to dwell / to destroy.”
dadhāra (दधार): The core matches the root dhā, “to place.”
śirasā (शिरसा): head; Inflected from śiras. śiras: head. mūrdhan: head, peak.
prītyā (प्रीत्या): The core matches the root prī, “to please.”
varṣāṇām (वर्षाणाम्): varṣāṇām is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
adhikaṃ (अधिकं): whom; adhi- (“over, concerning, unto”) joined to kaṃ. Accusative of ka-: “whom?” Together the form means adhi + that sense.
śatam (शतम्): a hundred; śata: a hundred.

शम्भोर् जटाकलापाच् च विनिष्क्रान्तास्थिशर्करान् प्लावयित्वा दिवं निन्ये या पापान् सगरात्मजान्

śambhor jaṭākalāpāc ca viniṣkrāntāsthiśarkarān plāvayitvā divaṃ ninye yā pāpān sagarātmajān

[2.8.115] and ni- (“down, in”) + nye ill-deed

Word make-up

śambhor (शम्भोर्): The core matches the root śam, “to be calm.”
jaṭākalāpāc (जटाकलापाच्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
viniṣkrāntāsthiśarkarān (विनिष्क्रान्तास्थिशर्करान्): The core matches the root ās, “to sit.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + niṣkrāntāsthiśarkarān.
plāvayitvā (प्लावयित्वा): plāvayitvā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
divaṃ (दिवं): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
ninye (निन्ये): ni- (“down, in”) + nye; ni- (“down, in”) + nye.
yā (या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
pāpān (पापान्): ill-deed; Inflected from pāpa. pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
sagarātmajān (सगरात्मजान्): sagarātmajān is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

स्नातस्य सलिले यस्याः सद्यः पापं प्रणश्यति अपूर्वपुण्यप्राप्तिश् च सद्यो मैत्रेय जायते

snātasya salile yasyāḥ sadyaḥ pāpaṃ praṇaśyati apūrvapuṇyaprāptiś ca sadyo maitreya jāyate

[2.8.116] whose ill-deed pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇaśyati and is born

Word make-up

snātasya (स्नातस्य): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
salile (सलिले): salile is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yasyāḥ (यस्याः): whose; Inflected from yasya. Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
sadyaḥ (सद्यः): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
pāpaṃ (पापं): ill-deed; pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
praṇaśyati (प्रणश्यति): pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇaśyati; pra- (“forth, forward”) + ṇaśyati.
apūrvapuṇyaprāptiś (अपूर्वपुण्यप्राप्तिश्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + pūrvapuṇyaprāptiś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
sadyo (सद्यो): The core matches the root sad, “to sit.”
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
jāyate (जायते): is born; From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.

दत्ताः पितृभ्यो यत्रापस् तनयैः श्रद्धयान्वितैः समात्रयं प्रयच्छन्ति तृप्तिं मैत्रेय दुर्लभाम्

dattāḥ pitṛbhyo yatrāpas tanayaiḥ śraddhayānvitaiḥ samātrayaṃ prayacchanti tṛptiṃ maitreya durlabhām

[2.8.117]

Word make-up

dattāḥ (दत्ताः): dattāḥ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pitṛbhyo (पितृभ्यो): pitṛbhyo is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yatrāpas (यत्रापस्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
tanayaiḥ (तनयैः): The core matches the root tan, “to stretch.”
śraddhayānvitaiḥ (श्रद्धयान्वितैः): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
samātrayaṃ (समात्रयं): The core matches the root mā, “to measure.” sam- (“together”) + ātrayaṃ.
prayacchanti (प्रयच्छन्ति): The core matches the root han, “to strike.” pra- (“forth, forward”) + yacchanti.
tṛptiṃ (तृप्तिं): tṛptiṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
maitreya (मैत्रेय): maitreya is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
durlabhām (दुर्लभाम्): The core matches the root labh, “to obtain.” dur- (“ill, hard”) + labhām.

यस्याम् इष्ट्वा महायज्ञैर् यज्ञेशं पुरुषोत्तमम् द्विजभूपाः पराम् ऋद्धिम् अवापुर् दिवि चेह च

yasyām iṣṭvā mahāyajñair yajñeśaṃ puruṣottamam dvijabhūpāḥ parām ṛddhim avāpur divi ceha ca

[2.8.118] whose offers upmost Person beyond and

Word make-up

yasyām (यस्याम्): whose; Inflected from yasya. Genitive of yad: “whose, of which.”
iṣṭvā (इष्ट्वा): offers; From yaj, “to offer.” Offers; having offered.
mahāyajñair (महायज्ञैर्): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
yajñeśaṃ (यज्ञेशं): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
puruṣottamam (पुरुषोत्तमम्): upmost Person; Inflected from puruṣottama. puruṣa + uttama (ud-tama, upmost). O upmost Person.
dvijabhūpāḥ (द्विजभूपाः): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
parām (पराम्): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
ṛddhim (ऋद्धिम्): ṛddhim is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
avāpur (अवापुर्): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.” a- (“not”) + vāpur.
divi (दिवि): The core matches the root div, “to shine.”
ceha (चेह): ceha is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”

स्नानाद् विधूतपापाश् च यज्जले यतयस् तथा केशवासक्तमनसः प्राप्ता निर्वाणम् उत्तमम्

snānād vidhūtapāpāś ca yajjale yatayas tathā keśavāsaktamanasaḥ prāptā nirvāṇam uttamam

[2.8.119] and so blowing-out upmost

Word make-up

snānād (स्नानाद्): snānād is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
vidhūtapāpāś (विधूतपापाश्): The core matches the root vid, “to know / to find.” vi- (“apart, asunder”) + dhūtapāpāś.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
yajjale (यज्जले): The core matches the root yaj, “to offer.”
yatayas (यतयस्): The core matches the root as, “to be.”
tathā (तथा): so; ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
keśavāsaktamanasaḥ (केशवासक्तमनसः): The core matches the root man, “to think.”
prāptā (प्राप्ता): The core matches the root āp, “to reach.”
nirvāṇam (निर्वाणम्): blowing-out; nir- (“out”) + vā, “to blow.” A blowing-out (as a flame). Extinguishing of the burning.
uttamam (उत्तमम्): upmost; ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.

श्रुताभिलषिता दृष्टा स्पृष्टा पीतावगाहिता या पावयति भूतानि कीर्तिता च दिने दिने

śrutābhilaṣitā dṛṣṭā spṛṣṭā pītāvagāhitā yā pāvayati bhūtāni kīrtitā ca dine dine

[2.8.120] seen named and

Word make-up

śrutābhilaṣitā (श्रुताभिलषिता): The core matches the root śru, “to hear.”
dṛṣṭā (दृष्टा): seen; Inflected from dṛṣṭa. Past participle of dṛś, “to see.” Seen.
spṛṣṭā (स्पृष्टा): spṛṣṭā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
pītāvagāhitā (पीतावगाहिता): pītāvagāhitā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yā (या): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
pāvayati (पावयति): The core matches the root pā, “to protect / to drink.”
bhūtāni (भूतानि): The core matches the root bhū, “to be, to come to be.”
kīrtitā (कीर्तिता): named; Inflected from kīrtita. From kīrt, “to name, to praise.” Named; they name.
ca (च): and; Enclitic particle: “and, also.”
dine (दिने): dine is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
dine (दिने): dine is used as a grammatical form in this verse.

गङ्गा गङ्गेति यन् नाम योजनानां शतेष्व् अपि स्थितैर् उच्चारितं हन्ति पापं जन्मत्रयार्जितम्

gaṅgā gaṅgeti yan nāma yojanānāṃ śateṣv api sthitair uccāritaṃ hanti pāpaṃ janmatrayārjitam

[2.8.121] name also striking ill-deed

Word make-up

gaṅgā (गङ्गा): gaṅgā is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
gaṅgeti (गङ्गेति): gaṅgeti is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
yan (यन्): The core matches the root an, “to breathe.”
nāma (नाम): name; nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
yojanānāṃ (योजनानां): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”
śateṣv (शतेष्व्): śateṣv is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”
sthitair (स्थितैर्): sthitair is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
uccāritaṃ (उच्चारितं): uccāritaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
hanti (हन्ति): striking; From han, “to strike, to slay.” Strikes; is struck; to slay; having slain.
pāpaṃ (पापं): ill-deed; pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
janmatrayārjitam (जन्मत्रयार्जितम्): The core matches the root jan, “to be born.”

यतः सा पावनायालं त्रयाणां जगताम् अपि समुद्भूता परं तत् तु तृतीयं भगवत्पदम्

yataḥ sā pāvanāyālaṃ trayāṇāṃ jagatām api samudbhūtā paraṃ tat tu tṛtīyaṃ bhagavatpadam

[2.8.122] which she the moving world also beyond that but

Word make-up

yataḥ (यतः): which; Inflected from yat. Neuter of yad: “which, what, that.” Relative stem ya-.
sā (सा): she; Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
pāvanāyālaṃ (पावनायालं): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
trayāṇāṃ (त्रयाणां): The core matches the root yā, “to go.”
jagatām (जगताम्): the moving world; Inflected from jagat. From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
api (अपि): also; Particle: “also, even, though.”
samudbhūtā (समुद्भूता): The core matches the root mud, “to be glad.” sam- (“together”) + udbhūtā.
paraṃ (परं): beyond; para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
tat (तत्): that; Neuter of tad: “that.” From the demonstrative stem ta-.
tu (तु): but; Particle: “but, then, now” — a turn or a slight contrast.
tṛtīyaṃ (तृतीयं): tṛtīyaṃ is used as a grammatical form in this verse.
bhagavatpadam (भगवत्पदम्): The core matches the root pad, “to go, to fall.”

Viṣṇu Purāṇa

Dvitīya Aṃśa, Aṣṭama Adhyāya

Devanagari scan