atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
Word senses
Pañcama Aṃśa, Trayoviṃśa Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
balam(बलम्)
strength
bala: strength, force (from bal, “to be strong”).
balaṃ(बलं)
strength
bala: strength, force (from bal, “to be strong”).
bhavān(भवान्)
you
Honorific “you” (from bhū, the becoming-one as polite you).
brahma(ब्रह्म)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
dagdhvā(दग्ध्वा)
burns
From dah, “to burn.” Burns.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
duḥkham(दुःखम्)
unease
dus- (“ill, hard”) + kha (“space, hole, axle-hole”). Ill-fitting; unease, pain. The opposite of sukha.
durgaṃ(दुर्गं)
dur- (“ill, hard”) + gaṃ
dur- (“ill, hard”) + gaṃ.
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
Inflected from dvija. dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
gata(गत)
going
Inflected from gata. From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
gataḥ(गतः)
going
From gam / yā, “to go.” Goes; they go; having gone; gone; he goes.
govinda name(गोविन्द)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from govinda. go (“cow, cattle, earth, ray”) + vinda (vid, “to find”). Finder of cows; also finder of the earth. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
idam(इदम्)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
janārdanaḥ name(जनार्दनः)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
jana (“people,” jan “to be born”) + ardana (ard, “to agitate, to distress”). Agitator of people; or destroyer of the wicked among men. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
jāta(जात)
is born
Inflected from jāta. From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jñātvā(ज्ञात्वा)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
kālaṃ(कालं)
time
kāla: time; also “the dark, the calculating.” Time as what counts out and cuts off.
kas(कस्)
who
Nominative of kim: “who?” Interrogative stem ka-.
kathaya(कथय)
tell
Inflected from kathaya. From kath, “to tell.” Tell!; tells.
kiṃ(किं)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
kṛṣṇa(कृष्ण)
Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from kṛṣṇa. kṛṣṇa: dark, black. From kṛṣ, “to draw, to drag,” or as the dark colour. The dark one. Vocative: O Kṛṣṇa.
madhusūdana name(मधुसूदन)
A name of Kṛṣṇa
Inflected from madhusūdana. Madhu (a demon’s name) + sūdana (sūd, “to kill”). Slayer of Madhu. A name of Kṛṣṇa.
martya(मर्त्य)
mortal
Inflected from martya. From mṛ, “to die.” A mortal; among those who die.
matta(मत्त)
from me
Inflected from matta. Ablative of asmad: from me.
mattaḥ(मत्तः)
from me
Ablative of asmad: from me.
nāma(नाम)
name
nāman: name, from a root of bending/marking. The name.
narā(नरा)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
nāradas(नारदस्)
traditionally)
Nārada, the seer (nara + da, “giver to men,” traditionally).
narāḥ(नराः)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
naram(नरम्)
a man
nara: a man, a human being (as mortal person).
nidrāṃ(निद्रां)
ni- (“down, in”) + drāṃ
ni- (“down, in”) + drāṃ.
nidrārtaḥ(निद्रार्तः)
ni- (“down, in”) + drārtaḥ
ni- (“down, in”) + drārtaḥ.
nirjagāma(निर्जगाम)
nir- (“out, without”) + jagāma
nir- (“out, without”) + jagāma.
nirvāṇe(निर्वाणे)
blowing-out
nir- (“out”) + vā, “to blow.” A blowing-out (as a flame). Extinguishing of the burning.
pāda(पाद)
foot
Inflected from pāda. pāda: foot, quarter (pad, “to go”). caraṇa from car, “to move.”
pāpaṃ(पापं)
ill-deed
pāpa: evil, what is ill, a bad deed. Not a Christian “sin” imported whole.
param(परम्)
beyond
para: beyond, further, other. As a neuter noun often “what is beyond.”
pariṇāme(परिणामे)
pari- (“around”) + ṇāme
pari- (“around”) + ṇāme.
prabho(प्रभो)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho
pra- (“forth, forward”) + bho.
prāha(प्राह)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
prāṇa(प्राण)
forward-breath
Inflected from prāṇa. pra- (“forth”) + an, “to breathe.” Forward-breath; the breath of life.
prāpyate(प्राप्यते)
reaching
pra- āp, “to reach, to obtain.” Having reached; reaches.
praviveśa(प्रविवेश)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa
pra- (“forth, forward”) + viveśa.
prayayau(प्रययौ)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayau
pra- (“forth, forward”) + yayau.
punar(पुनर्)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
purā(पुरा)
formerly
Indeclinable: “formerly, of old.”
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sadā(सदा)
always
sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
saṃnidhau(संनिधौ)
saṃ- (“together”) + nidhau
saṃ- (“together”) + nidhau.
saṃsāracakre(संसारचक्रे)
saṃ- (“together”) + sāracakre
saṃ- (“together”) + sāracakre.
saṃsuptaṃ(संसुप्तं)
saṃ- (“together”) + suptaṃ
saṃ- (“together”) + suptaṃ.
śaraṇam(शरणम्)
shelter
śaraṇa: shelter, from śṛ “to break” (a broken-place as refuge) or śri. Refuge as a shelter.
śaraṇaṃ(शरणं)
shelter
śaraṇa: shelter, from śṛ “to break” (a broken-place as refuge) or śri. Refuge as a shelter.
sarvaṃ(सर्वं)
all
sarva: whole, all. The entire, not a leftover.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
sarveṣāṃ(सर्वेषां)
of all
Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
śāśvata(शाश्वत)
everlasting
Inflected from śāśvata. From śaśvat “ever.” Everlasting as “through the ages,” still not akṣara.
śete(शेते)
lies
From śī, “to lie.” Lies.
sthita(स्थित)
standing
Inflected from sthita. From sthā, “to stand.” Standing-place; stood; having stood; stands.
sthūla(स्थूल)
gross
Inflected from sthūla. sthūla: bulky, gross.
sthūlaṃ(स्थूलं)
gross
sthūla: bulky, gross.
sudurmatiḥ(सुदुर्मतिः)
su- (“well, good”) + durmatiḥ
su- (“well, good”) + durmatiḥ.
sūkṣma(सूक्ष्म)
fine
Inflected from sūkṣma. sūkṣma: fine, subtle.
supte(सुप्ते)
su- (“well, good”) + pte
su- (“well, good”) + pte.
sura(सुर)
shining one
Inflected from sura. sura: a shining one, a god. Parallel to deva (div, “to shine”).
svayaṃ(स्वयं)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tān(तान्)
them
Inflected from tān. Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tatra(तत्र)
there
ta- + tra: “in that place, there.”
teja(तेज)
sharp-glow
Inflected from teja. From tij, “to be sharp.” Sharp-glow, brilliance.
tejas(तेजस्)
sharp-glow
From tij, “to be sharp.” Sharpness, brilliance, the cutting glow.
utthāya(उत्थाय)
ut- (“up, out”) + thāya
ut- (“up, out”) + thāya.
vākyaṃ(वाक्यं)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
varaṃ(वरं)
best
From vṛ, “to choose.” The chosen; the best. Vocative: O best.
vāsudeva name(वासुदेव)
”
Inflected from vāsudeva. Son of Vasudeva (vāsu “good, shining” + deva “shining one”). Patronym of Kṛṣṇa; also “the shining one in whom all dwell.”
viṣaya(विषय)
sense-object
Inflected from viṣaya. vi- + si “to throw”: what is thrown before one; a sense-object, a domain.
yādava(यादव)
Of the Yadu line
Inflected from yādava. Of the Yadu line.
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yas(यस्)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yatra(यत्र)
where
ya- + tra: “in which place, where.”
yuddhe(युद्धे)
battle
From yudh, “to fight.” Fight; battle. yudhi is locative: in battle.