anye(अन्ये)
others
Nominative plural of anya: “others.” From anya “other, not this.”
Word senses
Prathama Aṃśa, Pañcama Adhyāya · Back to chapter
English lines use these phrases for common nouns. Only names (people, deities, epithets) stay in Sanskrit in the translation.
āśu(आशु)
quickly
Indeclinable: “quickly.”
asurā(असुरा)
anti-god
Often a- + sura, but older asu-ra “possessing life-breath.” In the Gītā: the anti-god, the not-shining rival of the deva.
atirātraṃ(अतिरात्रं)
ati- (“beyond”) + rātraṃ
ati- (“beyond”) + rātraṃ.
ātmānam(आत्मानम्)
the self
ātman is the self. Related to an, “to breathe”: the breathing one, the inner self of a living being. Not a ghost-soul added from outside; it is the self.
atra(अत्र)
here
a- + tra: “in this place.” Here.
avartata(अवर्तत)
ava- (“down, off”) + rtata
ava- (“down, off”) + rtata.
ayam(अयम्)
this
Masculine of idam: “this one.”
bhagavān(भगवान्)
the Lord
bhaga (“share, portion, majesty,” from bhaj “to share”) + -vant “possessing.” One who has the share of majesty. The Lord as the one possessed of majesty, not a first name.
bhāvā(भावा)
coming-to-be
From bhū: coming-to-be; a state.
bhūya(भूय)
again
Inflected from bhūya. Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
bhūyaḥ(भूयः)
again
Comparative of bahu / from bhū: “more, again.”
brahmā(ब्रह्मा)
Not the neuter brahma
Masculine of brahman: Brahmā, the creator god, “the swelling/vast one” as a person. Not the neuter brahma.
brahmaṇa(ब्रह्मण)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Inflected from brahmaṇa. Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
brahmaṇaḥ(ब्रह्मणः)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
brahmaṇas(ब्रह्मणस्)
that-which-is-vast (brahman)
Neuter of brahman, from bṛh, “to grow, to swell, to be vast.” It names that which is vast — an entity, not a person. The creator god is a different word, Brahmā (masculine). A brāhmaṇa is a person of that class.
deva(देव)
shining one
Inflected from deva. From div, “to shine.” A shining one; a god as a shining being, not a generic “God.”
dvija(द्विज)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
dvijottama(द्विजोत्तम)
twice-born
dvi-ja “twice-born.” dvija-uttama: upmost of the twice-born.
eṣa(एष)
this one
Masculine of etad: “this one.”
etān(एतान्)
these
Inflected from etān. Accusative plural of etad: “these.”
ete(एते)
these
Nominative plural of etad: “these.”
gaṇa(गण)
troop
Inflected from gaṇa. gaṇa: a troop, a flock, a counted group.
hasta(हस्त)
hand
Inflected from hasta. hasta: hand. kara from kṛ, “doer,” also hand.
icchāmi(इच्छामि)
I wish
From iṣ, “to wish.” I wish.
idaṃ(इदं)
this
Neuter of idam: “this” (near).
jagat(जगत्)
the moving world
Inflected from jagat. From gam, “to go” (intensive): that which keeps going, the moving world.
jātā(जाता)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jātās(जातास्)
is born
From jan, “to be born.” Is born; born.
jñātvā(ज्ञात्वा)
knowing
From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
jñeya(ज्ञेय)
knowing
Inflected from jñeya. From jñā, “to know.” Having known; knows; to-be-known.
karmāṇi(कर्माणि)
action
Inflected karma, from kṛ, “to do.” Deeds; in the doing; of action.
kim(किम्)
what
Neuter interrogative: “what? why?”
mahat(महत्)
great
Inflected from mahat. mahat: great. From mah, “to be great.”
nava(नव)
nine
navan: nine. Also nava “new.”
nibodha(निबोध)
learn
ni-budh, “to wake to, to learn.” Learn! Know!
parigrāhiṇaḥ(परिग्राहिणः)
pari- (“around”) + grāhiṇaḥ
pari- (“around”) + grāhiṇaḥ.
prajāpatiḥ(प्रजापतिः)
master of offspring
prajā (“offspring,” pra-jan) + pati (“master, husband”). Master of offspring; the progenitor.
prakāśā(प्रकाशा)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśā
pra- (“forth, forward”) + kāśā.
prathame(प्रथमे)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thame.
prathamo(प्रथमो)
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamo
pra- (“forth, forward”) + thamo.
pratipedire(प्रतिपेदिरे)
prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + pedire
prati- (“back, against, toward each”) + pedire.
proktas(प्रोक्तस्)
spoken forth
pra-vac, “to speak forth.” Spoken forth; he has said forth.
punaḥ(पुनः)
again
Adverb: “again, back.”
purā(पुरा)
formerly
Indeclinable: “formerly, of old.”
puruṣo(पुरुषो)
the Person
Often analysed as pūr “filling” or pur “citadel” + śī “to lie”: the one who lies in the stronghold (the body). The Person, as against prakṛti the making-forth.
ṛṣīṇāṃ(ऋषीणां)
seer
ṛṣi: seer, from ṛṣ / dṛś related “to go, to see.” One who sees (the hymn, the truth).
sa(स)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
sā(सा)
she
Nominative feminine of tad: “she, that.”
sadā(सदा)
always
sa- + dā: “always, at every time.”
saḥ(सः)
he
Nominative singular masculine of tad: “he, that one.”
samabhavat(समभवत्)
sam- (“together”) + abhavat
sam- (“together”) + abhavat.
saṃhāre(संहारे)
saṃ- (“together”) + hāre
saṃ- (“together”) + hāre.
samyag(सम्यग्)
sam- (“together”) + yag
sam- (“together”) + yag.
śarīra(शरीर)
the breakable frame
Inflected from śarīra. From śṝ, “to crush, to break apart” (that which is liable to break), or from śri “to lean.” The breakable frame.
sarve(सर्वे)
all
Nominative plural of sarva: “all.”
sarveṣām(सर्वेषाम्)
of all
Genitive plural of sarva: of all.
sāttvikas(सात्त्विकस्)
of being-ness
Of sattva: belonging to being-ness, the lucid strand.
siddhyā(सिद्ध्या)
attainment
From sidh: attainment.
śiras(शिरस्)
head
Inflected from śiras. śiras: head. mūrdhan: head, peak.
surāḥ(सुराः)
shining one
sura: a shining one, a god. Parallel to deva (div, “to shine”).
svayam(स्वयम्)
oneself
sva + yam: by oneself; of one’s own accord.
tadā(तदा)
then
ta- + dā: “at that time, then.”
tam(तम्)
him
Inflected from tam. Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
taṃ(तं)
him
Accusative masculine of tad: “him, that.”
tān(तान्)
them
Accusative plural of tad: “them.”
tataḥ(ततः)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tatas(ततस्)
then
From tad + tas: “from that, then.”
tathā(तथा)
so
ta- + thā: “in that way, so.”
tathaiva(तथैव)
likewise
tathā + eva: just so, likewise.
teṣāṃ(तेषां)
of them
Genitive plural of tad: “of them.”
trayaḥ(त्रयः)
three
tri: three.
ucyate(उच्यते)
is called
Passive of vac, “to speak.” It is said; it is called.
udarād(उदराद्)
ud- (“up, out”) + arād
ud- (“up, out”) + arād.
uttamam(उत्तमम्)
upmost
ud- (“up”) + tama (superlative). The upmost, the highest.
uttarād(उत्तराद्)
ut- (“up, out”) + tarād
ut- (“up, out”) + tarād.
vācaṃ(वाचं)
speech
From vac, “to speak.” Speech; a speaking.
varṇa(वर्ण)
colour-class
Inflected from varṇa. From vṛ, “to cover, to choose.” Colour, covering, then class as a covering-name.
vibhāvarī(विभावरी)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvarī
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhāvarī.
vibhoḥ(विभोः)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhoḥ
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + bhoḥ.
vinirmame(विनिर्ममे)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nirmame
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + nirmame.
viniyogāṃś(विनियोगांश्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + niyogāṃś
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + niyogāṃś.
viparyayeṇa(विपर्ययेण)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + paryayeṇa
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + paryayeṇa.
vistarāc(विस्तराच्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + starāc
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + starāc.
vistarāt(विस्तरात्)
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + starāt
vi- (“apart, asunder”) + starāt.
yaḥ(यः)
who
Nominative singular of yad: “who, which.”
yajñānāṃ(यज्ञानां)
offering
From yaj, “to offer.” The offering.
yasmāt(यस्मात्)
because
Ablative of yad: “from which”; often “because.”
yathā(यथा)
as
ya- + thā: “in which way, as.”